Question 1

What offers antimicrobial properties and assists in remineralization?

Accepted Answer

Saliva offers antimicrobial properties and carries minerals that aid in the remineralization process, clean food away, and provide antimicrobials.

Question 2

What is the first cell to emigrate to a site of injury?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils are the first cells to emigrate to a site of injury. It is the primary cell involved in acute inflammation. It is capable of phagocytosis.

Question 3

What type of lesion is formed by the destruction of epithelium and some underlying tissue?

Accepted Answer

Ulcers are formed by the destruction of epithelium and some underlying tissue. Acute ulcerative conditions include traumatic ulcers, aphthous ulcers, allergic reactions, and viral ulcerations. Chronic ulcerative conditions include those caused by or associated with systemic disease, such as leukemia, colitis, malnutrition, tuberculosis, syphilis, sickle cell anemia, and drug toxicity.

Question 4

How many stages are there in scar formation?

Accepted Answer

There are three stages in scar formation. First, fibroblasts migrate to the site of injury and proliferate. ECM then deposits and is increased by fibroblasts and begins creating fibrillar collagen to form connective tissue. Finally, achieved through matrix metalloproteinases, ECM degrades and causes tissue remodeling.

Question 5

What is the first step in cutaneous wound healing?

Accepted Answer

Clot formation is the first step in cutaneous wound healing. A clot forms and a scab covers the surface of the wound. Within 24 hours of incision, neutrophils appear at the margins of incision site to aid in healing.

Question 6

What causes rubor during the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Rubor is due to increased vascularity during the inflammatory response. Rubor lasts for just a few seconds. The increased vascularity is followed by the exudation of fluids that will cause a tumor. Soon after, chemical mediators will cause pain and heat.

Question 7

What causes swelling during the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Swelling during the inflammatory response is caused by the exudation of fluid. Swelling is the second part of the inflammatory response. Occurring first, the vasoconstriction of blood vessels lasts for just a few seconds.

Question 8

When does keratinization appear during cutaneous wound healing?

Accepted Answer

Keratinization appears within five days of cutaneous wound healing. The basement membrane is formed within 48 hours. Within the first two weeks, collagen and fibroblast proliferate to create epidermis intact by week four.

Question 9

When does an intact epidermis form during cutaneous wound healing?

Accepted Answer

Within four weeks, an intact epidermis forms during cutaneous wound healing. A basement membrane forms within 48 hours. By day five, a mature epidermal architecture with surface keratinization will appear. By the end of the first two weeks, collagen and fibroblast proliferate to create epidermis intact by week four.

Question 10

What do macrophages ingest?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils are ingested by macrophages. This takes place during apoptosis when neutrophils undergo cell death. Apoptosis takes place after phagocytosis attach to mannose receptors and scavenger receptors to bind and ingest microbes.

Question 11

What type of lesion is covered by a layer of stratified squamous epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Fibroma is covered by a layer of stratified squamous epithelium. The etiology is unknown. It is usually located on the buccal mucosa, gingiva, mouth floor, palate, tongue, and lips. The surface is rounded, well defined, and pale pink.

Question 12

What type of lesion presents as cauliflower-like?

Accepted Answer

Papilloma presents as cauliflower-like. Depending on the amount of keratin, the lesion is usually grayish white or pink. It is primarily composed of long, fingerlike projections of stratified squamous epithelium with a core of fibrous connective tissue.

Question 13

What is the clinical name for wart?

Accepted Answer

The clinical name for wart is verruca vulgaris. It is hyperkeratotic stratified squamous epithelium, with prominent granular cell layer in the upper spinous layer of epithelium.

Question 14

What type of lesion is sessile or pedunculated based?

Accepted Answer

Lipoma is sessile or pedunculated based. These lesions are a benign tumor of mature fat cells that are most common on the buccal mucosa. They can be single or lobulated.

Question 15

What type of tumors are the majority of all oral tumors?

Accepted Answer

Granuloma tumors are the majority of all oral tumors. The enlargement of tissue is composed mainly of inflammatory cells. They are benign tumors that are a response to chronic irritants.

Question 16

What type of lesion presents closely clustered erythematous projections?

Accepted Answer

Papillary hyperplasia presents closely-clustered erythematous projections. It is a form of denture stomatitis due to chronic irritation to the hard palate, caused by an ill-fitting denture.

Question 17

What type of lesion present no symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Central giant cell reparative granulomas present no symptoms. These lesions are discovered accidently at the anterior segment of the maxilla and mandible. The majority are found on the mandible.

Question 18

What type of lesion presents excessive proliferation of pulp tissue?

Accepted Answer

Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis present excessive proliferation of pulp tissue. The lesions are large, open, and carious. The tumor is usually in primary or permanent molars.

Question 19

What is a benign tumor of compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Osteoma is a benign tumor of compact bone. It is more common in young adults without gender predilection. The tumor grows slowly, but considerable growth must take place prior to cortical plate expansion.

Question 20

What type of tumor presents in hyaline cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Chondroma presents in hyaline cartilage in the maxilla and mandible. It is painless, slow growing, and has a tendency toward malignancy. It is most often in those 30 to 40 years of age without gender predilection.

Quiz 3: Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene