Question 1

What condition results in excessive production of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Graves' disease results in excessive production of thyroid hormones. The disease is also known as hyperthyroidism. The condition can cause tremors, sweating, heat intolerance, nervousness, and ocular symptoms.

Question 2

What do individuals with single-gene disorders usually have?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with single-gene disorders usually have an affected parent. It is autosomal dominant inheritance. An affected person has a 50 percent chance of passing the trait to a child. Dominant traits are usually seen in multiple, successive generations.

Question 3

What do immune system diseases and blood disorder questions help assess a client's potential risk for?

Accepted Answer

Immune system diseases and blood disorder questions help assess a client's potential risk for infection after dental hygiene care. Primary concerns include prolonged bleeding, delayed healing, and secondary infections. Physician consultation may be required for more chronic or involved conditions.

Question 4

Who is usually affected by X-linked recessive inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Males are affected by X-linked recessive inheritance. Sons of carrier females have a 50 percent chance of receiving the gene and expressing that trait or condition. Carrier females show no disease trait or mild symptoms only. There is no male-to-male transmission. Affected males transmit the gene to daughters only. Uncles and cousins may also be affected.

Question 5

What condition does not influence the thickness of the periodontal ligament?

Accepted Answer

Gender does not influence the thickness of the periodontal ligament. Thickness depends on the person's age, the stage of tooth eruption, and the function of a tooth. The ligament is thicker in functioning than in nonfunctioning teeth and thicker in areas of tension than in areas of compression. The thickest area is the apical region.

Question 6

Hyperdontia is also known as:

Accepted Answer

Hyperdontia is also known as supernumerary teeth. These teeth are in addition to expected teeth that do not erupt and lack recognizable tooth form without X-ray. However, they can cause impaction or delay the eruption of expected teeth, which may indicate a syndrome.

Question 7

What skills are used in performing extraoral and intraoral examinations?

Accepted Answer

Direct observation, palpation, auscultation, and olfaction are skills used in performing extraoral and intraoral examinations. The purpose of these examinations is to assess and recognize deviations from normal conditions significant to client's health.

Question 8

When performing extraoral and intraoral examinations, direct observations are a technique used for visual inspections. What item below is visually inspected?

Accepted Answer

When performing extraoral and intraoral examinations, direct observation techniques visually inspect the client's body symmetry. Visual inspections of body movement, skin and mucous membrane color, texture, contour, consistency, and form are also completed.

Question 9

When performing extraoral and intraoral examinations, palpations are used in what region of the body?

Accepted Answer

When performing extraoral and intraoral examinations, palpations are used in the head and neck region. Palpations are a sense of touch used to examine for tenderness, texture, masses, and variation in structure and temperature within the head and neck region.

Question 10

What are submental and submandibular glands examined for?

Accepted Answer

The submental and submandibular glands are examined for asymmetry. Further assessment checks for noncontiguous borders, pain, tenderness, swelling, and harness. Bilateral digital palpation examines for difficulty in swallowing.

Question 11

What gland is assessed by a combination of bidigital palpation and circular compression?

Accepted Answer

The thyroid gland is assessed by a combination of bidigital palpation and circular compression. The assessment is for asymmetry and enlargement of the thyroid gland. The assessment is done by having the client sit upright and by asking him or her to swallow.

Question 12

Dental plaque biofilm is relatively invisible. What can be used to help detect dental plaque biofilm?

Accepted Answer

Disclosing agents can help detect dental plaque biofilm. Erythrosin is a red dye that is in tablet or solution form. Erythrosin is the most widely used. Fluorescein dye is expensive and must be used with ultraviolet light, but offers the advantage of not interfering with gingival assessment. Two-tone dyes have the advantage of differentiating mature from new plaque biofilm.

Question 13

What is the term malodor better known as?

Accepted Answer

The term malodor is better known as halitosis. The condition commonly originates from the mouth and the oropharynx region. Microorganisms on the tongue and teeth produce it. The proteolytic activity results in foul-smelling compounds or volatile sulfur compounds.

Question 14

What should a tooth suspected of being nonvital be tested for?

Accepted Answer

A tooth suspected of being nonvital should be tested for pulp vitality. Teeth may become nonvital from bacterial invasion of the pulp associated with caries or periodontal disease or from injuries. Testing should correlate with or mimic the client's chief complaint.

Question 15

What is a nonsurgical technique for collecting surface cells for microscopic evaluation?

Accepted Answer

Exfoliative cytology is a nonsurgical technique for collecting surface cells for microscopic evaluation. The advantage of this technique is that it requires minimal client preparation and no postoperative care.

Question 16

What stage of tooth development is termed the "ugly duckling" stage?

Accepted Answer

The mixed stage of tooth development is termed the "ugly duckling" stage. This is due to edentulated areas, disproportionately-sized teeth, and crowding. There is varying clinical crown heights, enlarged and edematous gingiva, and different tooth colors. This stage is between the ages of 6 and 12.

Question 17

What is the term used when the marginal alveolar bone is denuded?

Accepted Answer

When the marginal alveolar bone is denuded, it is termed dehiscence. The denuded condition forms a defect that extends apical to the normal level and exposes an abnormal amount of root surface.

Question 18

Impacted teeth are normally located where?

Accepted Answer

Impacted teeth are normally located in the maxillary canine. Impacted teeth create orthodontic and prosthodontics problems, especially if the adjacent teeth suffer substantial root damage. Impacted teeth are highly correlated with shortened or missing lateral incisors or lateral incisors roots. Impaction is surgically removed.

Question 19

When the alveolar bone is sufficient and deeply embedded to support normal usage of the crown, the tooth has proper:

Accepted Answer

When the alveolar bone is sufficient and deeply embedded to support normal usage of the crown, the tooth has proper crown-to-root ratio. The crown-to-root ratio can be disrupted by gingivitis, trauma to the root or crown, or degradation of the alveolar bone.

Question 20

Toothbrush abrasions present as:

Accepted Answer

Toothbrush abrasions present as horizontal notches on the buccal and cervical portions of posterior teeth. Abrasions are the pathologic loss of tooth structure due to repetitive contact with external forces, such as toothbrushes. Exposure of cementum and dentin and gingival recession is common.

Quiz 2: Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services