Question 1

When tooth loss does not correlate with functional patterns, the damage is due to:

Accepted Answer

When tooth loss does not correlate with functional patterns, the damage is due to erosion. Chemical processes cause erosion from acid, soft drinks, and gastric secretions. Posterior teeth show less loss than maxillary anterior teeth. The condition is seen often with those who suffer from bulimia.

Question 2

Occlusion is the relationship between what two facial bones?

Accepted Answer

Occlusion is the relationship between the maxilla and mandible bones. Occlusion is the act of the maxillary and mandibular teeth coming together. Normal growth of the maxillary and mandibular teeth creates non-pathologic touching of the tooth surfaces. Harmful contact can develop from functional or parafunctional activity.

Question 3

Attrition is due to:

Accepted Answer

Attrition is due to tooth-to-tooth contact. The contact can become pathological and to a certain extent, a physiological process that increases with age. To determine where teeth are completing an occlusal relationship, wear facets that can display the dysfunction.

Question 4

Apertognathia is often called:

Accepted Answer

Apertognathia is often called "open bite." Apertognathia is a deformity of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. It is the vertical separation between the maxilla and the mandible. There is premature occlusion of the posterior teeth without anterior occlusion.

Question 5

The misalignment of teeth and jaws is having a "bad bite." What is the proper name for misaligned teeth and jaws?

Accepted Answer

The misalignment of teeth and jaws is having a "bad bite." The proper name for misaligned teeth and jaws is malocclusion. Besides damaging teeth, malocclusion can hinder jaw muscles; weaken gingival; and cause pain, grinding, and "clicking" of the temporomandibular joint. Often, occlusal splints are used to correct misalignment.

Question 6

What are the four types of tooth wear?

Accepted Answer

The four types of tooth wear are attrition, abrasion, erosion, and abfraction. Attrition is the normal wear and tear of the occlusal and incisal surfaces. Abrasion is abnormal wear due to items such as toothbrushes or toothpicks. Erosion is by chemical means, such as acidic foods or drinks and stomach acid from constant self-induced vomiting. Abfraction is the pathological loss of tooth enamel and dentin by biomechanical loading forces, such as abnormal tongue activity or bruxism.

Question 7

What condition has prevalent communicative and social interaction difficulties?

Accepted Answer

Autism is a condition that has prevalent communicative and social interaction difficulties. Additionally, there is impaired speech and language, sensory impairment, and repetitive behaviors and play. The condition occurs in as many as 3.4 in 1000 children, with males being affected four times more often than females. It appears within the first three years of life.

Question 8

What condition has displays the eating of 300 to 600 calories per day?

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa displays the eating of 300 to 600 calories per day. The condition is characterized by suppression and denial of sensation of hunger. Patient may be socially isolated and relatively asexual with a tendency for perfectionism. Patients deny their emaciated appearance.

Question 9

What syndrome involves episodic binge eating and purging?

Accepted Answer

Bulimia is a syndrome that involves episodic binge eating and purging. Purging is self-induced vomiting and the use of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas. Although the person may be of normal weight, the intent is to lose weight. Calories consumed during binging range from 3,500 to 20,000.

Question 10

What is the term for the alveolar bone proper radiographically?

Accepted Answer

Lamina dura is the term for the alveolar bone proper radiographically. The lamina dura may or may not be present as a thick radiopaque line surrounding the bone adjacent to the periodontal ligament.

Question 11

What type of radiation has both mass and energy?

Accepted Answer

Particulate radiation has both mass and energy. Some particles may have a positive, negative, or neutral charge. The particles cannot reach the speed of light.

Question 12

What can cause the ionization of atoms?

Accepted Answer

Ionizing radiation can cause the ionization of atoms. The particulate and electromagnetic radiation has sufficient energy to cause the ionization. The process must have a greater amount of energy then electron-binding energy for the ionization to take place.

Question 13

What type of radiation constitutes the largest source of radiation exposure?

Accepted Answer

Naturally-occurring radiation constitutes the largest source of radiation exposure. Naturally occurring radionuclides are found in soils and in cosmic radiation from outer space.

Question 14

What is a radionuclide?

Accepted Answer

An unstable atom is a radionuclide that decays by emitting particles and energy from the nucleus to become electrically stable. These atoms are inhaled through the air and through the ingestion of food and water when entering the human body.

Question 15

What is the flow of electrons through a wire or other electrical conductor?

Accepted Answer

Electricity is the flow of electrons through a wire or other electrical conductor. Direct currents are electrons that flow in one direction along an electrical conductor. Alternating currents are electrons that flow in one direction and then reversing to flow in the opposite direction.

Question 16

How many units of measurement are defined in electricity?

Accepted Answer

There are two units of measurement defined in electricity. The ampere unit is the number of electrons flowing in an electrical circuit. The volt unit is the electrical potential or force that moves electrons along an electrical conductor.

Question 17

What happens with photons interact with matter?

Accepted Answer

When photons interact with matter, they become scattered or absorbed. When a photon is absorbed, it ceases to exist. If a photon is scattered, its direction of travel is altered. Scattered photons only aid in radiographic density, not in radiographic imaging.

Question 18

What can Compton scatter do to X-ray film?

Accepted Answer

Compton scatter can produce film fog on X-ray film. This happens when X-radiation exits the patient's tissues and contacts the film. The photons' direction of travel changes and the photon loses energy.

Question 19

What entity is most sensitive to radiation?

Accepted Answer

Cells are the most sensitive to radiation. Cell death occurs due to lethal dosage exposure. A swelling response results from interference of fluid exchange through the cell wall. Cell function can be altered from excessive exposure. Cellular aberration results from damage occurring during mitosis or meiosis.

Question 20

How many laws of radio-sensitivity are there?

Accepted Answer

There are five laws of radio-sensitivity: 1) The more mature the cell, the more it resists radiation; 2) The younger the tissues and organs, the greater the radio-sensitivity; 3) The higher the metabolic activity of the cell, the higher its radio-sensitivity; 4) The higher the proliferation rate for cells and the growth rate for tissues, the higher their radio-sensitivity; and 5) The more differentiated the cells, the more resistant it is to biologic effects of radiation.

Quiz 2: Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services