Question 1

What can affect the repair mechanism of the body?

Accepted Answer

Continued low-dose radiation exposure can affect the repair mechanism of the body, resulting in somatic or genetic damage. Organ tissue is considered critical for dental radiography because of its location in skin, thyroid gland, eyes, and hemopoietic tissue.

Question 2

In electromagnetic radiation, the shorter the wavelength the greater the ______?

Accepted Answer

In electromagnetic radiation, the shorter the wavelength, the greater the energy and penetrating ability of the radiation. A wavelength is the distance from one crest of a wave to the next. The shortest wavelengths are measured in nanometers, while long wavelengths are measured in meters.

Question 3

What lesion type presents erosion of bone radiographically?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral giant cell granuloma presents erosion of bone radiographically. These tumors are caused by a local irritant or trauma on the gingival or alveolar process anterior to the molars. The slight majority occur in the mandible.

Question 4

What is the simplest but most effective disease prevention method?

Accepted Answer

Handwashing is the simplest but most effective disease prevention method. Hands are a primary source of infection by microorganisms capable of disease transmission. Handwashing reduces both resident and transient flora on the skin.

Question 5

What must an employer provide to employees that may be exposed to blood-borne pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Employers must provide employees that may be exposed to blood-borne pathogens with Hepatitis B vaccine within 10 working days of hire. Employers cannot require employees to be serologically prescreened before vaccination. Employees may refuse vaccination, but must read and sign an OSHA declination statement

Question 6

Agent-host-environment theory states that disease is a result of an imbalance in one or all three factors, i.e., agent, host, and/or environment. However, there are three parts to these factors. What are they?

Accepted Answer

There are three parts to the factors of agent-host-environment theory. Primary factor is aimed at preventing disease or injury. Secondary factor involves early detection and treatment of disease. Tertiary factor aims at interventions that prevent disability, restore functions, or prevent further destruction of tissues.

Question 7

How do aerosols enter the body?

Accepted Answer

Aerosols enter the body by inhalation. It is important to wear facemasks to protect mucous membranes of nose and mouth from spatter of oral fluids. Additionally, facemasks will help prevent the inhalation of microbes from patients or other healthcare workers.

Question 8

What chemical level type destroys all microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

Sterilants destroy all microorganisms and some spores. High-level disinfectants destroy all microorganisms, but not necessarily high numbers of bacterial spores. Intermediate-level disinfectants destroy vegetative bacteria, most fungi, and most viruses. Low-level disinfectants destroy vegetative bacteria, some fungi, and some viruses.

Question 9

What does not reduce airborne microbes?

Accepted Answer

Hand warmers do not reduce airborne microbes. Cooling and heating systems with filters designed to bind microbes can help. Ventilation systems help by controlling noxious sterilization and laboratory vapors from "setting." Circulation systems that prevent recirculation of contaminated air or transport of microbes help.

Question 10

What does stimulation to the central nervous system do?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation to the central nervous system induces alertness. It can also cause anxiety, anorexia, and thick, viscous saliva. During dental surgeries, the patient's heart rate and blood pressure must be monitored.

Question 11

What condition is described as a diminished or interrupted supply of oxygenated blood to the heart that causes necrosis of part of the heart muscle?

Accepted Answer

Myocardial infarction is described as a diminished or interrupted supply of oxygenated blood to the heart that causes necrosis of part of the heart muscle. This event results in impaired heart function and diminished cardiac output. If a large area of the heart is affected, the heart may be unable to function and may stop beating.

Question 12

What condition is defined as a tooth being forcibly removed from the mouth by trauma?

Accepted Answer

Avulsed tooth is defined as a tooth being forcibly removed from the mouth by trauma. These teeth should only be handled by the crown, without any of the tissue from the root surface being removed. The tooth should be rinsed with milk or normal saline solution and gently placed into the socket while the client is transported for emergency care.

Question 13

What is the primary theory of motivation called?

Accepted Answer

The primary theory of motivation is called locus of control. Internal locus of control clients feel they have control over their own outcomes and their behavior will make a difference. External locus of control clients feel outcomes are out of their control and that whatever they do will not affect outcomes.

Question 14

There are several behavioral management techniques. Which one requires consent?

Accepted Answer

Of the behavioral management techniques, hand-over-mouth requires parental consent. Voice control, distraction, positive reinforcement, and nonverbal communication are other behavior management techniques. However, the most important and calming technique is tell-show-do, in which the child feels in control. Sedation should be avoided. Appointments should be brief for mentally-challenged children.

Question 15

What concept model states that one's beliefs direct behavior and is used to explain and predict health behaviors?

Accepted Answer

The health model concept states that one's beliefs direct behavior and is used to explain and predict health behaviors. There are four components to the health model. Susceptibility is the client believing that they are susceptible to a disease or condition. Severity is the client believing that if they get a disease that the consequences will be serious. Asymptomatic nature of disease is the client believing that a disease may be present without their awareness. Behavior change will be beneficial if the client believes that actions on their part can provide effective means of prevention.

Question 16

What term is defined as a desire to fulfill an unmet human need?

Accepted Answer

Motivation is defined as a desire to fulfill an unmet human need. Motivation may be generated internally or externally. Internally-generated motivation focuses on one's own perceived needs. Externally-generated motivation is based on offers of reward or punishment.

Question 17

What is a method for caries prevention?

Accepted Answer

Fluoridation is a method for caries prevention. The Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for safety and quality of water. They have set the maximum allowable limit for fluoride at 4ppm. The amount of carries correlate with regional amounts of fluoride added to tap water.

Question 18

The classification of carious lesions includes rate, direction, and type of disease progression to determine level of priority for restorative therapy. How many classifications are there?

Accepted Answer

There are five classifications of carious lesions. Rampant caries are the rapidly progressive decay of smooth surfaces of numerous teeth. Chronic caries are slowly progressive. Arrested carious lesions have been reversed due to remineralization. Backward caries laterally spread at the dentinoenamel junction. Recurrent caries is new decay located at existing restorations.

Question 19

When dental plaque sticks firmly to the tooth's surface, what occurs?

Accepted Answer

When dental plaque sticks firmly to the tooth's surface carious lesions occur. Carious lesions are due to bacteria ingestion of refined carbohydrates. The byproduct of these carbohydrates increases acid levels that cause a decrease in pH levels. Fluoridation aids saliva, the body's natural defense against carious lesions.

Question 20

Caries detection is:

Accepted Answer

Caries detection is visual and tactical. Caries are evident by opacifications, translucency changes seen with the aid of curing wand, enamel color changes, cavitations, and the feel of irregularities on the tooth's surface.

Quiz 2: Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services