Question 1

A Class III furcation is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?

Accepted Answer

A Class III furcation is characterized by all of the following except clinically-visible.
A Class III furcation can only exist if there is some clinical attachment loss. When explored with a Naber's probe, the probe will enter and pass through the furcation entirely. There is not enough recession to expose the furcation, clinically.

Question 2

Which of the following tissues is MOST sensitive to radiation?

Accepted Answer

Of the following tissues, the intestines are the most sensitive to radiation.
The cells that make up intestinal tissue tend to divide frequently. This makes them very susceptible to the effects of radiation.

Question 3

The biological effects of radiation as observed in the individual who receives radiation are known as:

Accepted Answer

The effects of radiation as observed in the individual who receives radiation are known as somatic effects.
Somatic effects affect only the person irradiated and are not passed on to future generations. Genetic effects are not seen in the person irradiated, but are transmitted to the next generation.

Question 4

Which of the following techniques limits radiation exposure to the operator?

Accepted Answer

Positioning at an angle of 90-135 degrees to the beam limits radiation exposure to the operator.
The operator limits exposure to unnecessary radiation by standing within a safe range of 90-135 degrees of the direction of the beam. Techniques such as collimation, using a position indicating device, and wearing a lead apron are all intended to reduce radiation to the patient.

Question 5

What are the advantages to using a high kilovoltage peak (kVp)? Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The advantages to using a high kilovoltage peak (kVp) are shorter exposure time and increased detail.
When the electrons in the x-ray tube are sped up by increasing the kilovoltage, the x-rays are more powerful. A high kVp requires less exposure time and produces images with low contrast which reveal great detail in areas such as existing bone levels.

Question 6

A radiographic film left in developer solution for too long will:

Accepted Answer

A radiographic film left in developer solution for too long will be too dark.
The amount of time a film rests in developer solution varies according to the temperature of the solution. If the film is in the developer longer than necessary, then the image will turn out too dark.

Question 7

In the Paralleling Technique, how is the central ray directed?

Accepted Answer

In the Paralleling Technique, the central ray is directed perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth.

Question 8

A radiographic film is bent while a clinician is attempting to open it for processing. As a result, the finished image has a diagonal black line across it. What is this line called?

Accepted Answer

This line is called an artifact.
Artifacts are unwanted images in a finished x-ray which could result from an error in the manufacturing of the film or in the process of developing it. Over-manipulation of the film could also occur while bending the film to accommodate patient anatomy during placement.

Question 9

The genial tubercles are located:

Accepted Answer

The genial tubercles are located at the apex of the mandibular incisors.
The genial tubercles are raised areas of bone which surround the lingual foramen. The genial tubercles help to anchor muscles for the tongue.

Question 10

A "U"-shaped radiopacity located just above the area of the maxillary first molar is what structure?

Accepted Answer

The "U"-shaped radiopacity located just above the area of the maxillary first molar is the zygomatic process.
The zygomatic process is an extension of the maxilla. This process articulates with the cheekbone, or zygoma.

Question 11

A clinician standing three feet from an x-ray source receives 4 rad of radiation. According to the Inverse Square Law, how many rad of radiation would the clinician receive from a distance of six feet?(1 fish 5 fish, 1 rad 5 rad) both singular and plural.

Accepted Answer

A clinician would receive 1 rad of radiation from a distance of six feet.
Radiation intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source of the x-rays. The original intensity of 4 rad divided by the square of six (distance in feet) is proportional to 1 rad over the original distance of three (feet) squared.

Question 12

Which factor affects the contrast of a radiographic image?

Accepted Answer

Kilovoltage peak (kVp) is the factor which affects the contrast of a radiographic image.
Density describes how much blackness is in a film, but contrast determines how sharply the dark and light areas are distinguished. The contrast factor is only affected by kVp. The higher the voltage the lower the contrast.

Question 13

Which material used to generate x-rays from electrons is found in BOTH the anode and cathode of the x-ray tube?

Accepted Answer

Tungsten is used to generate x-rays from electrons and is found in both the anode and cathode of the x-ray tube.
Tungsten makes up the filament in the cathode which is heated to release electrons. The focal spot in the anode is also made of tungsten which helps convert the received electrons into x-rays.

Question 14

Of the following types of interdental cleaners, which is BEST suited for removing biofilm from a Type III gingival embrasure in a periodontal patient with arthritis?

Accepted Answer

An interdental brush is best suited for removing biofilm from a Type III gingival embrasure in a periodontal patient with arthritis.
Tape floss would not easily access the exposed concavities of the teeth around a Type III embrasure space. Gauze cannot be worked through a closed contact. Using knitting yarn with a piece of floss may be effective, but is too difficult for a patient with mobility limited by arthritis. An interdental brush is the easiest and most effective option.

Question 15

Patients who smoke are at increased risk for developing periodontal disease because:

Accepted Answer

Patients who smoke are at increased risk for developing periodontal disease because smoking causes microvasculature vasoconstriction.
Smoking causes microvasculature vasoconstriction which limits blood supply to the periodontium. Reduced blood flow limits the body's defenses against periodontal pathogens.

Question 16

The primary reason for recommending an oral irrigator to a periodontal patient is:

Accepted Answer

The primary reason for recommending an oral irrigator to a periodontal patient is to flush bacteria from periodontal pockets.
An oral irrigator is primarily intended to access periodontal pockets to disrupt and flush away planktonic bacteria. Informing the patient of the microbiological activity occurring inside periodontal pockets will help them to understand the greatest benefit of using an oral irrigator.

Question 17

The use of ultrasonic instrumentation would be contraindicated when which factor is present?

Accepted Answer

The use of ultrasonic instrumentation would be contraindicated when communicable disease is present.
Some communicable diseases are transmissible by aerosols such as those generated by ultrasonic instrumentation. Ultrasonic instrumentation is recommended for use around furcations and to remove biofilm associated with periodontal disease.

Question 18

A patient with controlled insulin-dependent diabetes is categorized by which ASA classification?

Accepted Answer

A patient with controlled insulin-dependent diabetes is categorized as ASA III.
Controlled insulin-dependent diabetes constitutes a systemic disease which limits physical activity but is not incapacitating. According to the American Society of Anesthesiologists, this condition puts the patient's medical risk at ASA III.

Question 19

What is the optimal concentration of fluoride in a community water supply?

Accepted Answer

The optimal concentration of fluoride in a community water supply is 0.7 mg/L or 0.7ppm
Before 2011, the United States Public Health Service recommended a range of 0.7 to 1.2 mg/L or 0.7ppm to 1.2 ppm as the optimal range for water fluoridation. This range varied with the average air temperature of different regions depending upon how much of the fluoridated water supply the local inhabitants were likely to drink. The standard is now 0.7 mg/L or 0.7ppm for all areas.

Question 20

Which entity oversees the concentration of fluoride in community water sources?

Accepted Answer

The EPA oversees the concentration of fluoride in community water sources.
The EPA monitors the levels of fluoride in public water sources, but the FDA oversees how much fluoride goes into bottled drinking water.

Quiz 2: Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services