Deck 7: Human-Growth-And-Development

Question 1

Using motivation from 'within' is known as ______________ .

A)Inside motivation
B)Interior motivation
C)Intrinsic motivation
D)Idealistic motivation

Answer 1

Intrinsic motivation

Question 2

Which of the following is not an example of extrinsic motivation?

A)Employee performance improves when wages are increased
B)A sleep apnea patient follows a strict sleep hygiene plan
C)Children finish a task more quickly if they are promised candy
D)A student studies more on a test to make the highest grade in the class

Answer 2

A sleep apnea patient follows a strict sleep hygiene plan

Question 3

What three components make up all attitudes?

A)Cognitive, Affective, Behavioral
B)Emotional, Habitual, Disposition
C)Health, Physical, Mental
D)Nurture, Environment, Luck

Answer 3

Cognitive, Affective, Behavioral

Question 4

If when judging behavior of others we tend to emphasize internal personality factors over external situational causes; but when analyzing our own behavior, we emphasize internal personal attributions for our successes and ten to give external environmental attributions for our failures. This is known as ________________________ .

A)Compensating
B)Truth
C)Self-serving bias
D)Being different

Question 5

When we offer an explanation for behavior such as, "she was weak willed" or "he was intimidating," the term _______________ is applied.

A)Statement
B)Attribution
C)Generalization
D)Accusation

Question 6

The age integration theory:

A)Is meant to keep older people grouped together
B)Refers to periods in one's life course
C)Gives people of all ages the opportunity to pursue education, work, and leisure activities
D)None of the above

Question 7

Increasing depression after age 65 may be caused by which of the following? Choose all that apply.

A)The process of aging
B)Change in social status
C)Decrease in income
D)None of the above

Question 8

What does socioeconomic status (SES) have to do with aging and health? Choose all that apply.

A)A person can afford better medical care and food with a higher income
B)More money makes everything look better, even aging
C)If you have a better income, you can afford to travel or join a gym
D)None of the above

Question 9

"My physician didn't call to tell me the test results. She probably has bad news and doesn't want to tell me." is an example of what type of distorted thinking?

A)All or nothing thinking
B)Overgeneralization
C)Mental filter
D)Jumping to conclusions

Question 10

According to Piaget's theory of development, concrete operational thinking occurs between:

A)Ages 2-6
B)Ages 12-19
C)Ages 7-11
D)Ages 40-49

Question 11

The stage of development titled Identity vs. Role Confusion begins in the teen years according to which theorist?

A)Freud
B)Erikson
C)Maslow
D)Piaget

Question 12

In Lawrence Kohlberg's moral stages of development, the ability to recognize good and bad intentions in one's self is seen as a:

A)Social systems perspective
B)Contractual perspective
C)Social relationships perspective
D)Blind egoism

Question 13

The memories children make in middle childhood help to define the consistent and unique pattern of social and emotional behavior and abilities that define an individual. This is called____________.

A)Personality
B)Self-Actualization
C)Human nature
D)Memorization

Question 14

Which of the following makes caring for others a focus in development?

A)Piaget's theory
B)Psychosocial theory
C)Psychoanalytic theory
D)None of the above

Question 15

Adults often experience a gap between their present view of themselves and their memories of childhood. One possible reason for this gap is _____.

A)The selective way we recall our personal histories
B)The difficulty we have in seeing ourselves in the same way we view young children
C)Memory loss
D)That our past experiences are less important than our present

Question 16

According to Erikson, during old age, people experience the crisis of ______.

A)Trust vs. mistrust
B)Ego integrity vs. despair
C)Emotional acceptance vs. rejection
D)Industry vs. inferiority

Question 17

Adolescence can be defined as _____________.

A)A period of most intense growth
B)A period during which females progress faster than males
C)A period from the onset of puberty or sexual maturity to adulthood
D)A period of frustration for parents

Question 18

According to the parents of Lucy, a 28-month-old, her favorite word is "no." Which of the following theories describes what stage the child has entered?

A)Piaget's concrete operational stage
B)Freud's oral phase of development
C)Kohlberg's social systems perspective
D)Erikson's autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Question 19

The adult spends a great deal of time problem solving. The ____________ becomes the most important to the adult thinker.

A)Context
B)Problem
C)Content
D)Solution

Question 20

Common symptoms of bereavement include all of the following except:

A)Insomnia and loss of appetite
B)A strong need for activity
C)An empty feeling in the stomach
D)A feeling of tightness in the throat

Question 21

Jung believed all but which of the following?

A)Men and women grow more similar in personality in the second half of adult life
B)After mid-life, it is possible to reach an optimally mature state
C)The last half of adult life is more important than the first half
D)Personality does not change when we age

Question 22

Mrs. Smith's thinking has improved with age in some areas and declined in others. This description best illustrates which theory of development?

A)Psychoanalytic theory
B)Baltes' selective optimization with compensation
C)Erikson's age linked tasks
D)The contextualist lifespan developmental approach

Question 23

According to McAdams's studies of generativity, _______________.

A)As we age, our life goals center more around doing for others
B)As we age, we grow more spiritual
C)As we age, we become more assertive
D)As we age, we become more fixed in our ways

Question 24

All but which of the following are warning signs that an older depressed male is at risk for committing suicide?

A)He is socially isolated
B)He is over 85
C)He has just retired
D)He has recently become disabled by a chronic health problem

Question 25

In some cases, well-meaning people often tell parents to "let the infant cry or you will spoil him/her by picking them up too much." Child development experts state that an infant under six months of age cannot be "spoiled" by responding to their cries and it is essential to respond in a timely manner to ensure appropriate bonding. Which theory and stage of development would support the experts' stance?

A)Freud's oral stage of development
B)Erikson's trust versus mistrust stage of development
C)Piaget's sensorimotor stage of development
D)There is no theory supporting this stance

Question 26

Lev Vygotsky, psychologist, proposed that children learn through interactions with their surrounding culture. This theory is known as the_______________ of development.

A)Behavioral perspective
B)Socio-cultural perspective
C)Psychoanalytic perspective
D)Intellectual perspective

Question 27

Albert Bandura's basic concepts of his social cognitive theory include all but one of the following. Which selection is not a part of his concepts?

A)Observational learning
B)Self-efficacy
C)Symbolic representation
D)Reciprocal determinism.

Question 28

A child's ability to include past and future events in their sphere of activity is referred to as ______.

A)Time revelation
B)Symbolic representation
C)Symbolic design
D)Time conservation

Question 29

Some cultures have unique - or culture-bound - mental disorders. Does this mean a counselor needs to do additional research when he/she is working with a culture other than his/her own?

A)Absolutely
B)Only if the case is unusual
C)Maybe
D)Not at all; psychological help is universal

Question 30

Does having a male or a female client make a 'cultural' difference?

A)Yes. Males and females use different descriptions for same-type maladies.
B)No. They are both simply human beings.
C)Yes. Males and females are from different planets.
D)Yes. They have a very different physical, hormonal, and social makeup.

Question 31

Is the concept of 'self' universal or is it a cultural construction?

A)It is definitely universal
B)It is a cultural construction
C)It may vary a little, but it is mostly universal
D)Only in North America

Question 32

Just as there are unusual cultural-bound disorders, symptoms can be culture specific as well. Which of the following are actual sets of culture-bound symptoms?

A)Fullness in head, problems with memory, shortness of breath
B)Ache all over, headaches, upset stomach
C)Can't sleep, nervous, uptight
D)All of the above

Question 33

Schizophrenia is a prime example of a mental disorder that is believed to be culturally universal. There are many cultural-general symptoms, but there are also four major ways schizophrenia differs across cultures. Which one is listed here?

A)Delusions
B)Incoherent speech
C)Victim of witchcraft
D)Poor rapport with others

Question 34

Just as with schizophrenia, depression is also a known disorder to be culturally universal. In addition to the cultural-general symptoms, there are also some cultural-specific symptoms. For instance, in North America guilt is a big cause of depression; but in China, somatization is more frequent than in other parts of the world. However, it is widely accepted that gender is also a big factor in depression. Which gender is more widely affected?

A)Men
B)Women
C)Very close for both males and females
D)Neither, as gender has nothing to do with depression

Question 35

Industrial and Organizational Psychology today involves a lot of business with other cultures. What could be some of the outcomes of ignoring another country's culture?

A)Losing important business
B)Finding yourself in legal trouble
C)Insulting your clients
D)All of the above

Question 36

There are three major methods of reducing cultural clash. Which choice below is not one of them?

A)Examine your thought processes
B)Adjust your behaviors to match the other's culture
C)Just carry on as you normally would, others will adjust to you
D)Recognize that culture clashes are emotionally stressful

Question 37

What is meant by a culturally specific approach to counseling?

A)Being fluent in the culture's language
B)Familiarity with the cultural heritage
C)Knowledge of a culture's perceptions of society
D)B and C

Question 38

Some essential traits of a multicultural counselor are listed below. Which is correct?

A)Self-awareness and understanding of one's own cultural history and experiences
B)Comprehension of one's environmental experiences in mainstream culture
C)Perceptual sensitivity towards one's personal beliefs and values
D)All of the above

Question 39

In understanding a client, a skilled clinician must __________.

A)Have sensitivity and understanding of client's values and belief system
B)Visit the client's country if different from their own
C)Be from the same culture
D)None of the above

Question 40

The process of becoming a culturally skilled clinician is a(n) ____________process.

A)Interesting
B)Exciting
C)Active
D)Obsolete

Question 41

When working with a new client whose ethnicity differs from the clinician, what should the clinician ask him/herself?

A)Do I understand the client's cultural values and norms?
B)Do I have stereotypical views of this client's culture that may interfere in the therapeutic process?
C)Do I speak the client's primary language?
D)A and B

Question 42

Culturally skilled clinicians are able to engage in a variety of _________ and _____________ helping responses appropriate to the client's ethnicity.

A)Interesting and thoughtful
B)Verbal and nonverbal
C)Clear and concise
D)None of the above

Question 43

In a cultural perspective, what can affect the worldview of a client?

A)Religious and/or spiritual beliefs and values
B)Sports teams
C)The city in which they live
D)Mental illness

Question 44

Self-awareness is crucial to becoming a skilled multicultural counselor. What are two steps to take to increase self-awareness in this area?

A)Listen to a variety of music and watch others around you
B)Watch a lot of movies and take notes about differences in cultures you see
C)Ask questions about your culture of origin and examine your values
D)Don't worry about self-awareness. It isn't about you.

Question 45

People from non-western cultures may be uncomfortable with Brief Psychodynamic Therapy for what reason?

A)BPT takes too long
B)BPT probes into early childhood issues
C)Clinicians are empathetic
D)BPT encourages self-expression

Question 46

The goal of cognitive therapy is not greater self-awareness, but greater ability to think clearly and cope with life challenges. Would this be a good fit for multicultural counseling?

A)No, because everyone wants to be more self-aware.
B)Yes, because sharing thoughts is more comfortable than sharing emotions
C)No. Research has shown cognitive therapy to work only in western populations
D)Yes. Cognitive therapy can help everyone.

Question 47

Gestalt therapy may be uncomfortable for some populations because it tends to be_______.

A)Free-style
B)Controversial
C)Confrontational
D)Boring

Question 48

In multicultural counseling, what is a worldview?

A)The view from the space station
B)A set of beliefs or assumptions that describe reality for that person
C)A perspective or view on the world, conscious and unconscious
D)B and C

Question 49

How does environment play an important role in human life?

A)It regulates growth and development.
B)It dictates whether an individual will be hot or cold natured.
C)It dictates the amount of money an individual will make in a lifetime.
D)None of the above.

Question 50

What constitutes a physical environment?

A)Frequent exercising
B)A tough neighborhood
C)All physical surroundings
D)Both A and C

Question 51

Three main types of environment are physical, ___________________ , and ______________________.

A)Human and technological
B)Natural and organic
C)Developed and undeveloped
D)Social and psychological

Question 52

_______________________ are chemical substances secreted by an endocrine gland or group of endocrine cells that act to control or regulate specific physiological processes.

A)Endorphins
B)Hormones
C)Steroids
D)Polypeptides

Question 53

__________________________ is the most relevant and basic topic in the science of psychology.

A)Self-esteem
B)Learning
C)Culture
D)Social stature

Question 54

__________________________ is a major factor in growth and development.

A)Athleticism
B)Social status
C)Common sense
D)Reinforcement

Question 55

Who believed that by observing child development, we may gain knowledge as to how the human species came about?

A)Sigmund Freud
B)Charles Darwin
C)Erik Erikson
D)Jean Piaget

Question 56

_____________________________ insisted that children's minds are shaped by certain social and historical context in which they live as well as the children's interaction with adults.

A)Vygotsky
B)Piaget
C)Watson
D)Skinner

Question 57

_____________________________ is a lifelong process of physical, cognitive, and emotional growth and change.

A)Analysis
B)Biology
C)Human development
D)Metamorphosis

Question 58

A key component of emotional development in a toddler is:

A)Learning language and communications skills and advancing from single words to complete sentences.
B)Developing an imagination and creating imaginary friends and situations.
C)Developing trust for caregivers who provide for his or her needs.
D)Beginning to imitate the language and behavior of adults.