Question 1

Using motivation from 'within' is known as ______________ .
A)Inside motivation
B)Interior motivation
C)Intrinsic motivation
D)Idealistic motivation

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation that comes from within one's own thought or desire. This is the opposite of extrinsic motivation, which is said to come from sources outside one's own thought process.

Question 2

Which of the following is not an example of extrinsic motivation?
A)Employee performance improves when wages are increased
B)A sleep apnea patient follows a strict sleep hygiene plan
C)Children finish a task more quickly if they are promised candy
D)A student studies more on a test to make the highest grade in the class

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic motivation comes from outside sources, unlike intrinsic motivation, which comes from within the individual. Usually when we think of extrinsic motivation, we think of factors such as money (doing something because it pays you), doing something because you want to prove someone wrong (I'll show you I can do such and such), etc.

Question 3

What three components make up all attitudes?
A)Cognitive, Affective, Behavioral
B)Emotional, Habitual, Disposition
C)Health, Physical, Mental
D)Nurture, Environment, Luck

Accepted Answer

Social psychologists agree that attitude consists of these three components-the cognitive consisting of thoughts and beliefs, the affective involving feelings, and the behavioral consisting of predispositions to act in certain ways toward an object or situation

Question 4

If when judging behavior of others we tend to emphasize internal personality factors over external situational causes; but when analyzing our own behavior, we emphasize internal personal attributions for our successes and ten to give external environmental attributions for our failures. This is known as ________________________ .
A)Compensating
B)Truth
C)Self-serving bias
D)Being different

Accepted Answer

The self-serving bias works this way: If we do well on an exam, we tend to think "I really studied" or "I'm pretty smart," but if we do poorly on the exam, we tend to blame the instructor, the textbook, or the "tricky" questions.

Question 5

When we offer an explanation for behavior such as, "she was weak willed" or "he was intimidating," the term _______________ is applied.
A)Statement
B)Attribution
C)Generalization
D)Accusation

Accepted Answer

As we try to understand our world and the things that go on around us every day, we look for the reasons (or causes) for people's behavior. Clinicians use the term Attribution to describe statements explaining why people do what they do.

Question 6

The age integration theory:
A)Is meant to keep older people grouped together
B)Refers to periods in one's life course
C)Gives people of all ages the opportunity to pursue education, work, and leisure activities
D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

Age integration can refer to people in any age group and promotes the opportunity for all to work, learn, or play as they wish, regardless of age. Age integration theory draws on a premise of age stratification theory with the idea that society is based on age. This can create age-segregated institutions and acts as a barrier to entrance, exit, or participation. The good news is that we are becoming a more integrated society in many institutions and ways; think of the many universities, colleges, and community learning centers that have young and older students.

Question 7

Increasing depression after age 65 may be caused by which of the following? Choose all that apply.
A)The process of aging
B)Change in social status
C)Decrease in income
D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

After age 65, many individuals experience a change in their livelihood Decrease in income, loss of a partner, or deteriorating physical health, are some factors that can contribute to this change; affecting social status. The loss of a long time spouse or partner can cause a wide range of changes and can create a depressed state in most people. Thankfully, there are many individual or group counseling methods involving grief work.

Question 8

What does socioeconomic status (SES) have to do with aging and health? Choose all that apply.
A)A person can afford better medical care and food with a higher income
B)More money makes everything look better, even aging
C)If you have a better income, you can afford to travel or join a gym
D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

- It's true - if money is available for better medical care, better and more plentiful food, plus a wider variety of interests and activities, aging will be a healthier and happier process One of the difficulties of measuring the relationship between SES, health, and aging is that occupation is the key status indicator. With the elderly population mostly retired, they are not factored into the data gathered for economic well-being when the data is based on occupation.

Question 9

"My physician didn't call to tell me the test results. She probably has bad news and doesn't want to tell me." is an example of what type of distorted thinking?
A)All or nothing thinking
B)Overgeneralization
C)Mental filter
D)Jumping to conclusions

Accepted Answer

Jumping to conclusions is a type of distorted thinking that can occur when a person takes an action or lack of an action and immediately assumes something else has happened; "Don and I had a fight this morning and now he is late coming home from work. I think he has left me." All or nothing thinking, overgeneralization, and mental filtering are also types of distorted thinking.

Question 10

According to Piaget's theory of development, concrete operational thinking occurs between:
A)Ages 2-6
B)Ages 12-19
C)Ages 7-11
D)Ages 40-49

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational thinking, occurring between ages 7-11, is the ability to solve problems, perform multiple classification tasks, and order objects in a logical sequence. Jean Piaget, a developmental biologist, studied intellectual development. His studies led him to understand that children are not little adults. The brain does not fully develop until after age 15. This led to his stages of cognitive development.

Question 11

The stage of development titled Identity vs. Role Confusion begins in the teen years according to which theorist?
A)Freud
B)Erikson
C)Maslow
D)Piaget

Accepted Answer

The stage of development titled Identity vs. Role Confusion begins in the teen years according to Erik Erikson. According to Erikson, social development progresses through eight stages and creates what is called a "psychosocial crisis" that must be resolved successfully before moving on to the next stage. In teens, this crisis is Identity vs. role confusion and is based on the question Who am I? This stage can last up to age 20. Self-doubt is a normal part of the process, as is taking on a variety of roles in the search for identity.

Question 12

In Lawrence Kohlberg's moral stages of development, the ability to recognize good and bad intentions in one's self is seen as a:
A)Social systems perspective
B)Contractual perspective
C)Social relationships perspective
D)Blind egoism

Accepted Answer

The social relationships perspective includes the ability to recognize good and bad intentions in one's self. This is seen in stage three (interpersonal accord and conformity driven) of Kohlberg's theory. Individuals are receptive to approval or disapproval from others as it reflects society's accordance with the perceived role.

Question 13

The memories children make in middle childhood help to define the consistent and unique pattern of social and emotional behavior and abilities that define an individual. This is called____________.
A)Personality
B)Self-Actualization
C)Human nature
D)Memorization

Accepted Answer

Personality is the consistent and unique pattern of social and emotional behavior that defines an individual. Self-actualization is part of Maslow's theory of personality development.

Question 14

Which of the following makes caring for others a focus in development?
A)Piaget's theory
B)Psychosocial theory
C)Psychoanalytic theory
D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

Caring for others is the focus of the psychosocial theory of development. In every stage of development, the ability to connect and care for others is an essential component.

Question 15

Adults often experience a gap between their present view of themselves and their memories of childhood. One possible reason for this gap is _____.
A)The selective way we recall our personal histories
B)The difficulty we have in seeing ourselves in the same way we view young children
C)Memory loss
D)That our past experiences are less important than our present

Accepted Answer

The selective way we recall our personal histories is one possible reason for the gap adults experience between their present view of themselves and their memories of childhood. Neurologic research on memory encoding suggests memories are stored differently as children than as adults, leading to the possible gap in the way we see ourselves and our past.

Question 16

According to Erikson, during old age, people experience the crisis of ______.
A)Trust vs. mistrust
B)Ego integrity vs. despair
C)Emotional acceptance vs. rejection
D)Industry vs. inferiority

Accepted Answer

During old age, people experience the crisis of ego integrity vs. despair according to Erikson. Integrity is achieved if the prior stages have been resolved successfully and the mature person is able to trust, is independent, and looks forward to new experiences and looks back with satisfaction. If prior stages are not resolved, the person might view his/her life with despair, feeling like they have failed or fallen short in life.

Question 17

Adolescence can be defined as _____________.
A)A period of most intense growth
B)A period during which females progress faster than males
C)A period from the onset of puberty or sexual maturity to adulthood
D)A period of frustration for parents

Accepted Answer

While all of the answers might be plausible, adolescence is defined as the period from the onset of puberty or sexual maturity to adulthood.

Question 18

According to the parents of Lucy, a 28-month-old, her favorite word is "no." Which of the following theories describes what stage the child has entered?
A)Piaget's concrete operational stage
B)Freud's oral phase of development
C)Kohlberg's social systems perspective
D)Erikson's autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson, Lucy has entered the stage of autonomy vs. shame and doubt, which may involve a stormy time of the expression of will, including tantrums and stubbornness. Resolved successfully, Lucy will emerge from this stage with self-confidence, a better ability to control herself, and ready to learn more about the world around her.

Question 19

The adult spends a great deal of time problem solving. The ____________ becomes the most important to the adult thinker.
A)Context
B)Problem
C)Content
D)Solution

Accepted Answer

The context becomes the most important element in problem solving to the adult, as they are able to see the complexities of issues surrounding the problem. While the problem itself and its solution are important, the context in which the problem exists is more of the focus for an adult thinker. Children, as concrete thinkers, can only focus on the problem and can likely see only one solution. It is later in life that abstract thinking occurs and the adult is able to see multiple solutions to one problem.

Question 20

Common symptoms of bereavement include all of the following except:
A)Insomnia and loss of appetite
B)A strong need for activity
C)An empty feeling in the stomach
D)A feeling of tightness in the throat

Accepted Answer

A strong need for activity is not typically one of the symptoms of bereavement. Many grieving people experience a loss of sleep and appetite, an empty feeling inside, and tightness in the throat. They may also experience a feeling of lethargy, an inability to act, and feeling as though they are moving in slow motion.

Quiz 7: Human-Growth-And-Development

Using motivation from 'within' is known as ______________ .

Which of the following is not an example of extrinsic motivation?

What three components make up all attitudes?

When we offer an explanation for behavior such as, "she was weak willed" or "he was intimidating," the term _______________ is applied.

The age integration theory:

Increasing depression after age 65 may be caused by which of the following? Choose all that apply.

What does socioeconomic status (SES) have to do with aging and health? Choose all that apply.

"My physician didn't call to tell me the test results. She probably has bad news and doesn't want to tell me." is an example of what type of distorted thinking?

According to Piaget's theory of development, concrete operational thinking occurs between:

The stage of development titled Identity vs. Role Confusion begins in the teen years according to which theorist?

In Lawrence Kohlberg's moral stages of development, the ability to recognize good and bad intentions in one's self is seen as a:

The memories children make in middle childhood help to define the consistent and unique pattern of social and emotional behavior and abilities that define an individual. This is called____________.

Which of the following makes caring for others a focus in development?

Adults often experience a gap between their present view of themselves and their memories of childhood. One possible reason for this gap is _____.

According to Erikson, during old age, people experience the crisis of ______.

Adolescence can be defined as _____________.

According to the parents of Lucy, a 28-month-old, her favorite word is "no." Which of the following theories describes what stage the child has entered?

The adult spends a great deal of time problem solving. The ____________ becomes the most important to the adult thinker.

Common symptoms of bereavement include all of the following except: