Deck 3: Occupational Science

Question 1

What is the term Dr. Pierce borrowed in her chapter narrative from Elizabeth Yerxa and her colleagues to describe her feeling as a therapist that "her knowledge needs were not being met" to effectively carry out treatment?

A) Science application
B) Occupational injustice
C) Clinical irritation
D) Research dynamic

Answer 1

Clinical irritation

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a reason cited in the reading for occupational science to include intervention-based research to their descriptive research base?

A) The initial descriptive vision was now considered to be too limiting.
B) Occupational scientists wanted to benefit occupational therapy more directly.
C) There were responses to the pressures to secure more available research funding.
D) It was required by a 1991 proclamation from the Society for the Study of Occupation.

Answer 2

It was required by a 1991 proclamation from the Society for the Study of Occupation.

Question 3

Occupational science has been described as a "young science." Where and approximately when did this discipline begin?

A) University of Southern California during the early 1990s
B) Hull House in Chicago immediately following World War I
C) National headquarters in Bethesda as we entered the new millennium
D) Sydney, Australia during the 1962 Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lecture

Answer 3

University of Southern California during the early 1990s

Question 4

What is the overarching commitment of occupational science that is also described by Dr. Pierce as "the promise of occupational science"?

A) To develop a separate profession focusing solely on occupation-based interventions
B) To produce original research to meet the knowledge base needs of occupational therapy
C) To be included as a contributor of other established knowledge producing disciplines
D) To reduce or eliminate the gaps that exist within occupational injustice and disparity

Question 5

Work within occupational science addresses which of the following general types and levels of theory and research?

A) Level 1 descriptive; level 2 relational; level 3 predicative; level 4 prescriptive
B) Level 1 basic theory; level 2 applied; level 3 reflective; level 4 evaluative
C) Level 1 prescriptive; level 2 applied; level 3 descriptive; level 4 relational
D) Level 1 reflective; level 2 predictive; level 3 basic theory; level 4 conclusive

Question 6

What determines the level of research from the above question?

A) The focus of the research question under investigation
B) The discipline overseeing the research project
C) The theoretical framework of the study
D) The previous level that the study completed

Question 7

From the choices below, which of the following best describes occupational science?

A) Profession
B) Theory
C) Service
D) Discipline

Question 8

Which of the following are considered "quite young among the professions"?

A) Occupational therapy
B) Medicine
C) Occupational science
D) Divinity

Question 9

Which of the following profession-discipline relationships is most correct?

A) A fully developed discipline's unique knowledge base is produced by the profession dedicated to its knowledge base needs.
B) A fully developed profession's unique knowledge base is produced by the discipline dedicated to its knowledge base needs.
C) An enriched and mature profession's unique knowledge base is produced by disciplines dedicated to various knowledge base needs.
D) An enriched and mature discipline's unique knowledge base is produced by professions dedicated to various knowledge base needs.

Question 10

The emergence of occupational science was rejected by some scholars. What was the reason for this rejection?

A) The scholars were of the view that occupational therapy did not have adequate resources to aspire in this way.
B) The scholars were of the view that the knowledge base produced by other disciplines has been sufficient.
C) The scholars had taken issue that they were not consulted prior to the launching of occupational science.
D) The scholars were not convinced occupational therapy practice would recommit to its focus on occupation.

Question 11

The four levels of research, a main focus of this chapter, are related across a hierarchy where the lower levels support and inform the higher levels. Therefore, many professions may have their practice and research focus at a certain level but need to borrow from other levels to train and inform their practitioners. Which of the following best exemplifies this practice?

A) Biology, a level 1 (descriptive) discipline, relies heavily on the medical profession (level 4 prescriptive) to identify needed areas of basic research.
B) Chemistry, a level 4 (prescriptive) discipline, depends heavily on the pharmacy profession at level 1 (descriptive) to inform their basic research.
C) Occupational therapy, at level 3 (predictive), borrows knowledge from physical therapy, a level 4 (prescriptive) profession, in its intervention research.
D) Physical therapy relies heavily from level 1 (descriptive) disciplines such as anatomy and kinesiology to inform their intervention research at level 4.

Question 12

Proponents of occupational science argue that the development of a science to support and inform occupational therapy practice was "required." What is the main reason that is presented to support this "requirement"?

A) Limited extradisciplinary sciences that meet the profession's knowledge needs at levels 1, 2, and 3 because occupation has received little attention in other fields
B) The cyclical shifting of the occupational therapy profession's focus between occupation-based intervention and interventions based on the medical model
C) The development of an independent science supporting occupational therapy to be considered on a level par with other health professions
D) The need for the occupational therapy profession to begin to limit the number and streamline the knowledge historically borrowed from multiple disciplines

Question 13

The founding group of occupational science presented which of the following analogies in support of its foundational descriptive work?

A) "Occupational science is to occupational therapy what anatomy and physiology are to medicine."
B) "Occupational science is to occupational therapy what psychology used to be to the profession."
C) "Occupational therapy is to occupational science what the pharmacy profession is to chemistry."
D) "Occupational therapy is to occupational science what a foundation is to a building."

Question 14

Dr. Pierce states descriptive occupational science strives to increase the clarity and accuracy of our understanding of the key concepts of our science. What are these key concepts?

A) Factors and concerns of occupational justice
B) Occupation-informed intervention strategies
C) Factors and dynamics of typical occupation
D) Cross-disciplinary application of occupation

Question 15

The dependency of higher level research on the establishment of adequate research at level 1 (description) to inform it was presented in the chapter via an example of a descriptive study of infant-toddler in-home object play. Which of the following would be an example of a level 2 relational study that builds on this level 1 study?

A) How infant-toddler play is impacted by a disability
B) How infant-toddler play changes with age
C) How infant-toddler play is used in intervention
D) How infant-toddler play is described

Question 16

What has the emergence of new concepts at the descriptive level that are original to the discipline in the study of occupation lead to?

A) Scholars now fully accepting the new scientific construct
B) Evidence the science is undergoing unstable development
C) Indications of an increasing maturity of the discipline
D) Confirmation of abundant funding at this level of research

Question 17

In 1990, Dr. Pierce created the term co-occupation. Which of the following brief scenarios would NOT be considered co-occupation as originally termed by Dr. Pierce and described in the Framework, 3rd edition?

A) A caregiver and care recipient preparing a meal
B) A pair of tennis players in a tennis match
C) A new mother breastfeeding her child
D) A tenth-grader taking notes during a lecture

Question 18

A number of knowledge gaps related to occupation at level 1 were identified in the chapter. Which of the following was specifically cited as one of these gaps?

A) Female occupations
B) Sleep and rest
C) Co-occupation
D) Care of pets

Question 19

When knowledge borne from occupational science is integrated with research in other disciplines, what level of research is this considered?

A) Level 1, descriptive occupational science
B) Level 2, relational occupational science
C) Level 3, predictive occupational science
D) Level 4, prescriptive occupational science

Question 20

If you were to design and complete a study comparing work occupations of young adults in the financial industry with chronic pain and those without, at which level of occupational science research would your study most likely be classified?

A) Level 1, descriptive
B) Level 2, relational
C) Level 3, predictive
D) Level 4, prescriptive

Question 21

If you modified your study from the previous question and focused on life and work satisfaction among the young adults working within the financial industry, at which level of occupational science research would your study most likely be classified?

A) Level 1, descriptive
B) Level 2, relational
C) Level 3, predictive
D) Level 4, prescriptive

Question 22

At which level of research is occupational science currently considered the most developed?

A) Level 1, descriptive
B) Level 2, relational
C) Level 3, predictive
D) Level 4, prescriptive

Question 23

At which level of research has occupational science produced the least amount of research?

A) Level 1, descriptive
B) Level 2, relational
C) Level 3, predictive
D) Level 4, prescriptive

Question 24

What is the suspected reason for this limited research in the category from the above question?

A) Large scale studies generally present funding and methodological challenges.
B) Small scale studies generally do not attract general or funding interests.
C) More established disciplines have consistently played dominant roles in this area.
D) Studies at this level have not sufficiently informed the next level of research.

Question 25

If you and a team of colleagues designed and carried out a long-term study on patterns of occupations of 1,000 young adults across various socioeconomic statuses using quantitative methods, at which level of occupational science research would your study most likely be classified?

A) Level 1, descriptive
B) Level 2, relational
C) Level 3, predictive
D) Level 4, prescriptive

Question 26

What is the name of the first large-scale study in occupational therapy that looked at the effectiveness of occupation-based intervention with community-dwelling well elderly adults?

A) Well Elderly Study
B) Aging-in-Place Study
C) Southern California Study
D) Community Occupation Study

Question 27

At which level of research was the above study?

A) Level 1, descriptive
B) Level 2, relational
C) Level 3, predictive
D) Level 4, prescriptive

Question 28

Which level of research produced the Test of Grocery Shopping Skills assessment tool that assesses a client's functional capacity when shopping at his or her usual grocery store?

A) Level 1, descriptive
B) Level 2, relational
C) Level 3, predictive
D) Level 4, prescriptive

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT described in the chapter as areas of need for knowledge development or overall challenges within prescriptive occupational science research?

A) How practitioners can address occupational injustice
B) Most effective environments for self-care interventions
C) Lack of applicable publication outlets
D) Insights into, and changes in, male occupations