Question 1

What is the term Dr. Pierce borrowed in her chapter narrative from Elizabeth Yerxa and her colleagues to describe her feeling as a therapist that "her knowledge needs were not being met" to effectively carry out treatment?
A) Science application
B) Occupational injustice
C) Clinical irritation
D) Research dynamic

Accepted Answer

Dr. Pierce borrowed the term "clinical irritation" from Elizabeth Yerxa and her colleagues to describe the feeling of a therapist when their knowledge needs are not being met to effectively carry out treatment.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a reason cited in the reading for occupational science to include intervention-based research to their descriptive research base?
A) The initial descriptive vision was now considered to be too limiting.
B) Occupational scientists wanted to benefit occupational therapy more directly.
C) There were responses to the pressures to secure more available research funding.
D) It was required by a 1991 proclamation from the Society for the Study of Occupation.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is D because there is no mention of a specific 1991 proclamation from the Society for the Study of Occupation requiring the inclusion of intervention-based research in occupational science. The other options (A, B, C) are valid reasons for expanding the research base to include intervention-based research, such as addressing limitations of the initial vision, benefiting occupational therapy more directly, and responding to pressures for securing research funding.

Question 3

Occupational science has been described as a "young science." Where and approximately when did this discipline begin?
A) University of Southern California during the early 1990s
B) Hull House in Chicago immediately following World War I
C) National headquarters in Bethesda as we entered the new millennium
D) Sydney, Australia during the 1962 Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lecture

Accepted Answer

Occupational science originated at the University of Southern California in the early 1990s, founded as a discipline to support and underpin the profession of occupational therapy through the study of the human as an occupational being.

Question 4

What is the overarching commitment of occupational science that is also described by Dr. Pierce as "the promise of occupational science"?
A) To develop a separate profession focusing solely on occupation-based interventions
B) To produce original research to meet the knowledge base needs of occupational therapy
C) To be included as a contributor of other established knowledge producing disciplines
D) To reduce or eliminate the gaps that exist within occupational injustice and disparity

Accepted Answer

Occupational science aims to produce original research to meet the knowledge base needs of occupational therapy, thereby supporting and enhancing the practice and understanding of occupation-related interventions and outcomes.

Question 5

Work within occupational science addresses which of the following general types and levels of theory and research?
A) Level 1 descriptive; level 2 relational; level 3 predicative; level 4 prescriptive
B) Level 1 basic theory; level 2 applied; level 3 reflective; level 4 evaluative
C) Level 1 prescriptive; level 2 applied; level 3 descriptive; level 4 relational
D) Level 1 reflective; level 2 predictive; level 3 basic theory; level 4 conclusive

Accepted Answer

Work within occupational science indeed addresses a variety of types and levels of theory and research, which can be categorized as level 1 descriptive (describing phenomena), level 2 relational (exploring relationships between phenomena), level 3 predictive (predicting outcomes based on observed relationships), and level 4 prescriptive (suggesting interventions or actions based on predictions). This framework helps in systematically studying and understanding the complex nature of occupations.

Question 6

What determines the level of research from the above question?
A) The focus of the research question under investigation
B) The discipline overseeing the research project
C) The theoretical framework of the study
D) The previous level that the study completed

Accepted Answer

The level of research is primarily determined by the focus of the research question under investigation, as it dictates the depth and scope of the study.

Question 7

From the choices below, which of the following best describes occupational science?
A) Profession
B) Theory
C) Service
D) Discipline

Accepted Answer

Occupational science is a discipline that studies the human drive to occupy oneself, including how people engage in various occupations and the impact of these activities on health and well-being.

Question 8

Which of the following are considered "quite young among the professions"?
A) Occupational therapy
B) Medicine
C) Occupational science
D) Divinity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following are considered "quite...

Question 9

Which of the following profession-discipline relationships is most correct?
A) A fully developed discipline's unique knowledge base is produced by the profession dedicated to its knowledge base needs.
B) A fully developed profession's unique knowledge base is produced by the discipline dedicated to its knowledge base needs.
C) An enriched and mature profession's unique knowledge base is produced by disciplines dedicated to various knowledge base needs.
D) An enriched and mature discipline's unique knowledge base is produced by professions dedicated to various knowledge base needs.

Accepted Answer

A fully developed profession's unique knowledge base is produced by the discipline dedicated to its knowledge base needs. This means that the discipline (a field of study or branch of knowledge) develops the theories, principles, and facts that the profession (the application of that knowledge in practice) relies upon.

Question 10

The emergence of occupational science was rejected by some scholars. What was the reason for this rejection?
A) The scholars were of the view that occupational therapy did not have adequate resources to aspire in this way.
B) The scholars were of the view that the knowledge base produced by other disciplines has been sufficient.
C) The scholars had taken issue that they were not consulted prior to the launching of occupational science.
D) The scholars were not convinced occupational therapy practice would recommit to its focus on occupation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The emergence of occupational science was rejected...

Question 11

The four levels of research, a main focus of this chapter, are related across a hierarchy where the lower levels support and inform the higher levels. Therefore, many professions may have their practice and research focus at a certain level but need to borrow from other levels to train and inform their practitioners. Which of the following best exemplifies this practice?
A) Biology, a level 1 (descriptive) discipline, relies heavily on the medical profession (level 4 prescriptive) to identify needed areas of basic research.
B) Chemistry, a level 4 (prescriptive) discipline, depends heavily on the pharmacy profession at level 1 (descriptive) to inform their basic research.
C) Occupational therapy, at level 3 (predictive), borrows knowledge from physical therapy, a level 4 (prescriptive) profession, in its intervention research.
D) Physical therapy relies heavily from level 1 (descriptive) disciplines such as anatomy and kinesiology to inform their intervention research at level 4.

Accepted Answer

Physical therapy, a level 4 (prescriptive) discipline, utilizes foundational knowledge from level 1 (descriptive) disciplines like anatomy and kinesiology to inform and guide its intervention research, exemplifying the hierarchical relationship where lower levels support higher levels in research and practice.

Question 12

Proponents of occupational science argue that the development of a science to support and inform occupational therapy practice was "required." What is the main reason that is presented to support this "requirement"?
A) Limited extradisciplinary sciences that meet the profession's knowledge needs at levels 1, 2, and 3 because occupation has received little attention in other fields
B) The cyclical shifting of the occupational therapy profession's focus between occupation-based intervention and interventions based on the medical model
C) The development of an independent science supporting occupational therapy to be considered on a level par with other health professions
D) The need for the occupational therapy profession to begin to limit the number and streamline the knowledge historically borrowed from multiple disciplines

Accepted Answer

The main reason presented for the "requirement" of developing a science to support and inform occupational therapy practice is the limited attention occupation has received in other fields, leading to a gap in extradisciplinary sciences that can meet the profession's knowledge needs across various levels.

Question 13

The founding group of occupational science presented which of the following analogies in support of its foundational descriptive work?
A) "Occupational science is to occupational therapy what anatomy and physiology are to medicine."
B) "Occupational science is to occupational therapy what psychology used to be to the profession."
C) "Occupational therapy is to occupational science what the pharmacy profession is to chemistry."
D) "Occupational therapy is to occupational science what a foundation is to a building."

Accepted Answer

The founding group of occupational science used the analogy "Occupational science is to occupational therapy what anatomy and physiology are to medicine" to illustrate the relationship between occupational science and occupational therapy. This analogy highlights the foundational and descriptive role of occupational science in providing the underlying knowledge base for the practice of occupational therapy, similar to how anatomy and physiology serve as foundational sciences for medicine.

Question 14

Dr. Pierce states descriptive occupational science strives to increase the clarity and accuracy of our understanding of the key concepts of our science. What are these key concepts?
A) Factors and concerns of occupational justice
B) Occupation-informed intervention strategies
C) Factors and dynamics of typical occupation
D) Cross-disciplinary application of occupation

Accepted Answer

Descriptive occupational science focuses on understanding the factors and dynamics of typical occupation, which are the key concepts that help clarify and accurately describe how occupations are performed and experienced.

Question 15

The dependency of higher level research on the establishment of adequate research at level 1 (description) to inform it was presented in the chapter via an example of a descriptive study of infant-toddler in-home object play. Which of the following would be an example of a level 2 relational study that builds on this level 1 study?
A) How infant-toddler play is impacted by a disability
B) How infant-toddler play changes with age
C) How infant-toddler play is used in intervention
D) How infant-toddler play is described

Accepted Answer

The answer of The dependency of higher level research on...

Question 16

What has the emergence of new concepts at the descriptive level that are original to the discipline in the study of occupation lead to?
A) Scholars now fully accepting the new scientific construct
B) Evidence the science is undergoing unstable development
C) Indications of an increasing maturity of the discipline
D) Confirmation of abundant funding at this level of research

Accepted Answer

The emergence of new concepts at the descriptive level that are original to the discipline in the study of occupation indicates an increasing maturity of the discipline, as it shows growth and development in its foundational concepts and theories.

Question 17

In 1990, Dr. Pierce created the term co-occupation. Which of the following brief scenarios would NOT be considered co-occupation as originally termed by Dr. Pierce and described in the Framework, 3rd edition?
A) A caregiver and care recipient preparing a meal
B) A pair of tennis players in a tennis match
C) A new mother breastfeeding her child
D) A tenth-grader taking notes during a lecture

Accepted Answer

Co-occupation refers to engaging in occupations together with others, where there is a shared experience or interaction. A tenth-grader taking notes during a lecture is an individual activity without direct interaction or shared engagement with others, unlike the scenarios described in options A, B, and C.

Question 18

A number of knowledge gaps related to occupation at level 1 were identified in the chapter. Which of the following was specifically cited as one of these gaps?
A) Female occupations
B) Sleep and rest
C) Co-occupation
D) Care of pets

Accepted Answer

The answer of A number of knowledge gaps related to...

Question 19

When knowledge borne from occupational science is integrated with research in other disciplines, what level of research is this considered?
A) Level 1, descriptive occupational science
B) Level 2, relational occupational science
C) Level 3, predictive occupational science
D) Level 4, prescriptive occupational science

Accepted Answer

Integrating knowledge from occupational science with research from other disciplines to understand relationships and influences is considered Level 2, relational occupational science. This level focuses on exploring how occupational behaviors and patterns relate to other variables and contexts.

Question 20

If you were to design and complete a study comparing work occupations of young adults in the financial industry with chronic pain and those without, at which level of occupational science research would your study most likely be classified?
A) Level 1, descriptive
B) Level 2, relational
C) Level 3, predictive
D) Level 4, prescriptive

Accepted Answer

This study would most likely be classified at Level 2, relational, because it aims to explore the relationship between two variables: work occupations of young adults in the financial industry and chronic pain.

Quiz 3: Occupational Science

What is the term Dr. Pierce borrowed in her chapter narrative from Elizabeth Yerxa and her colleagues to describe her feeling as a therapist that "her knowledge needs were not being met" to effectively carry out treatment?

Which of the following is NOT a reason cited in the reading for occupational science to include intervention-based research to their descriptive research base?

Occupational science has been described as a "young science." Where and approximately when did this discipline begin?

What is the overarching commitment of occupational science that is also described by Dr. Pierce as "the promise of occupational science"?

Work within occupational science addresses which of the following general types and levels of theory and research?

What determines the level of research from the above question?

From the choices below, which of the following best describes occupational science?

Which of the following are considered "quite young among the professions"?

Which of the following profession-discipline relationships is most correct?

The emergence of occupational science was rejected by some scholars. What was the reason for this rejection?

Proponents of occupational science argue that the development of a science to support and inform occupational therapy practice was "required." What is the main reason that is presented to support this "requirement"?

The founding group of occupational science presented which of the following analogies in support of its foundational descriptive work?

Dr. Pierce states descriptive occupational science strives to increase the clarity and accuracy of our understanding of the key concepts of our science. What are these key concepts?

What has the emergence of new concepts at the descriptive level that are original to the discipline in the study of occupation lead to?

In 1990, Dr. Pierce created the term co-occupation. Which of the following brief scenarios would NOT be considered co-occupation as originally termed by Dr. Pierce and described in the Framework, 3rd edition?

A number of knowledge gaps related to occupation at level 1 were identified in the chapter. Which of the following was specifically cited as one of these gaps?

When knowledge borne from occupational science is integrated with research in other disciplines, what level of research is this considered?

If you were to design and complete a study comparing work occupations of young adults in the financial industry with chronic pain and those without, at which level of occupational science research would your study most likely be classified?