Deck 21: Healthy Diets

Question 1

Aging leads to reduced immune function in older adults,making them more susceptible to:

A)cancer.
B)foodborne illness.
C)heart disease.
D)high blood pressure.
E)sleep apnea.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Changes in life expectancy in the last century are primarily due to:

A)computers.
B)reduced infant mortality.
C)higher wages.
D)better schools.
E)improved nutrition.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

All of the following are benefits of exercise for seniors EXCEPT:

A)reduced risk of falling.
B)healthier body mass composition.
C)increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
D)enhanced bone health.
E)better cognitive function.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following statements about calorie restriction without nutrient deficiency is false?

A)It increases the longevity of small animals.
B)It decrease the risk of chronic illness in rhesus monkeys.
C)It is recommended for all older adults.
D)It is commonly studied by researchers who are examining aging delays.
E)It is hoped that studying calorie restriction may give more information about the mechanisms of aging.

Question 5

Which of the following can influence lifespan,or how long a person lives?

A)Heart disease
B)Cancer
C)Smoking
D)Obesity
E)All of the abovE.

Question 6

Why do people require fewer calories to maintain their weight as they age?

A)They sleep less.
B)They sleep more.
C)They urinate more frequently.
D)Their total and resting energy expenditures decrease with age.
E)Their appetite changes.

Question 7

Which physiological change(s)is(are)associated with aging?

A)Increase in blood pressure s
B)Decreased ability to concentrate urine
C)Decrease in muscle mass
D)Probable tooth loss
E)All of the abovE.

Question 8

Although older adults need to consume nutrient-dense foods,their desire to eat can be affected by:

A)diminished sense of taste.
B)diminished sense of smell.
C)diminished eyesight.
D)A and B.
E)A and C.

Question 9

Reduced gastric acid production causes malabsorption of which naturally occurring vitamin?

A)Vitamin B6
B)Vitamin B12
C)Vitamin C
D)Vitamin D
E)Vitamin E

Question 10

All of the following are lifestyle choices of Seventh-day Adventists,a Blue Zone community,who have a greater life expectancy than non-Adventists,EXCEPT:

A)incorporate dark chocolate into meals.
B)do not smoke.
C)rarely consume alcohol.
D)often practice vegetarianism.
E)regularly consume nuts.

Question 11

Seniors who consume a high-dose supplement of vitamins C and E,and minerals zinc,copper,lutein,and zeaxanthin,can slow the progression of:

A)diverticulosis.
B)dementia.
C)atrophic gastritis.
D)oteoporosis.
E)age-related macular degeneration.

Question 12

Which of the following is the primary reason that the body changes as it ages?

A)The body is only intended to last 75 years.
B)Individual cell functioning slows down,and cells die and are not replaced.
C)Body organs cannot survive once a dozen cells die.
D)Decreased lung capacity affects lifespan.
E)The loss of fat mass cannot be overcomE.

Question 13

What type of diet is recommended to help reduce the likelihood of developing dementia?

A)Fat based
B)Protein based
C)Grain based
D)Plant based
E)Liquid based

Question 14

Age-related reduction in skeletal muscle mass is called:

A)sarcopeniA.
B)osteoporosis.
C)sarcoma.
D)osteopenia.
E)sarcasm.

Question 15

To prevent loss of lean body mass,adults older than 65 should increase their intake of:

A)protein.
B)fat.
C)carbohydrates.
D)water.
E)coffeE.

Question 16

Following the loss of a spouse,which of the following can affect the food intake of a widow or widower?

A)Depression
B)Poverty
C)Isolation
D)Loneliness
E)All of the abovE.

Question 17

A primary nutritional concern of an older adult who takes prescription medications and over the counter supplements is:

A)cost.
B)access.
C)effects on metabolism or absorption of nutrients in food.
D)effects on how food tastes.
E)influence on appetitE.

Question 18

Which segment of the U.S.population will see the most growth from 2015 to 2040?

A)Younger than 18
B)18 to 34 years
C)35 to 64 years
D)65 to 84 years
E)85 years and older

Question 19

Older adults experience changes in their cardiovascular system which include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)atrophy of the heart muscle.
B)loss of elasticity in artery walls.
C)fatty deposits in the arteries.
D)repair of microscopic blood vessels.
E)calcification of the heart valves.

Question 20

Reduced exposure to sunlight increases an older adult's need for which vitamin to make up for reduced synthesis by the body?

A)Vitamin A
B)Vitamin B6
C)Vitamin C
D)Vitamin D
E)Vitamin E

Question 21

Studies indicate that increasing intake of what substance to 1.0 to 1.5 g/kg of body weight may benefit older adults?

A)Carbohydrates
B)Fat
C)Water
D)Protein
E)Alcohol

Question 22

Older adults have difficulty staying physically active for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A)fear of falling.
B)inclement weather.
C)never having been physically active.
D)lack of access to safe places to walk.
E)do not have a personal trainer.

Question 23

What food preparation technique might make food more appealing to older adults whose sense of taste has declined?

A)Broiling food
B)Adding more fruits to the plate
C)Stir frying food
D)Adding spices
E)Using a pressure cooker

Question 24

A good,easy to eat,convenient source of vitamin B6 and potassium for older adults is:

A)a bananA.
B)an apple.
C)kale.
D)a carrot.
E)an orangE.

Question 25

Improvements in infant health in the twentieth century are due to all of the following EXCEPT:

A)vaccinations.
B)larger living spaces.
C)clean water.
D)safer fooD.
E)reductions in infectious diseasE.

Question 26

Besides diet and activity,research indicates that those who live in Blue Zones where life expectancy is longest also tend to share this characteristic:

A)living life with purpose.
B)living close to medical facilities.
C)earning postgraduate degrees.
D)sleeping 10 hours nightly.
E)maintaining employment.

Question 27

All of the following could be helpful to older adults who have difficulty purchasing and preparing food EXCEPT:

A)Meals on Wheels.
B)eating a communal meal at a senior center.
C)Medicaid.
D)having a van drive a group of seniors to the grocery store.
E)family helping to cook and freeze meals in advancE.

Question 28

The oldest documented human lifespan is:

A)105 years.
B)110 years.
C)112 years.
D)120 years.
E)122 years.

Question 29

Older adults may enjoy food less and thus eat less,primarily because:

A)food is expensive to purchase.
B)food is time consuming to prepare.
C)their sense of taste and smell have decreased.
D)they are less comfortable in the kitchen.
E)they are bored of the same foods over and over.

Question 30

Soft foods may be recommended for older adults because of problems with:

A)teeth.
B)gums.
C)dentures.
D)All of the above.
E)None of the abovE.

Question 31

Older adults do not have to spend hours at their local gym to stay active.Two recommended ways for seniors to be active are:

A)kayaking and distance running.
B)gymnastics and water polo.
C)walking and unicycling.
D)swimming and walking.
E)swimming and distance running.

Question 32

All of the following naturally occur with aging EXCEPT:

A)loss of visual acuity.
B)decreased saliva production.
C)muscle mass increases.
D)bone mass decreases.
E)blood pressure increases.

Question 33

Regular meals with large portions of spinach or kale could be harmful to older adults who are on blood thinning medications because of the increased _____ intake,which interferes with anticoagulation.

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin B12
C)vitamin D
D)vitamin E
E)vitamin K

Question 34

A diet recommended for older adults to delay the onset of age-related disease is:

A)low in saturated fat and high in whole grains,fruits,and vegetables.
B)high in fluids and salt.
C)low in saturated fat and protein.
D)high in whole grains,fruits,and vegetables and high in calories.
E)low in fluids and proteins.

Question 35

What is thought to be one of the primary causes of the decreased sense of smell in aging adults?

A)Increased olfactory receptors
B)Increased mucus production
C)Reduced mucus production
D)Reduced diversity of food
E)Increased odorant-detecting neurons

Question 36

A fear of incontinence and the need for frequent urination can cause older adults to avoid fluids and become _____,which can lead to hospitalization.

A)sleepy
B)angry
C)dehydrated
D)satiated
E)anemic

Question 37

All of the following are theories of aging that have been proposed EXCEPT:

A)survival of the fittest.
B)programmed longevity.
C)protein cross linking.
D)endocrine theory.
E)DNA damagE.

Question 38

MyPlate for older adults has visual cues to remind older adults to:

A)consume fluids.
B)care for grandchildren.
C)stay physically active.
D)A and B.
E)A and C.

Question 39

Adequate muscle mass is critical for older adults,and having it lowers the risk of developing which chronic disease?

A)Type 1 diabetes
B)Type 2 diabetes
C)Asthma
D)Heart disease
E)Kidney disease

Question 40

Protein malnutrition can negatively affect the outcome of an older adult's major surgery for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A)antibody synthesis.
B)immune response.
C)injury healing.
D)sustaining functions of critical organs.
E)blood loss.

Question 41

Blue Zones,areas where a greater than average number of people are living to 100 years old,are found throughout the world.In the United States,a Blue Zone has been found and studied in:

A)Los Angeles,CA.
B)Loma Linda,CA.
C)Miami,FL.
D)Chicago,IL.
E)New York,NY.

Question 42

The most important difference between the MyPlate for Older Adults created by nutrition scientists at Tufts University and the MyPlate introduced by the USDA is the:

A)color scheme.
B)size.
C)inclusion of physical activity.
D)variety of protein sources.
E)variety of grain sources.

Question 43

The RDA for calcium increases for older adults,specifically for:

A)both men and women age 51 years or older.
B)women age 51 and men age 71 years old.
C)men and women age 71 or older.
D)men and women age 81 or older.
E)women age 61 and men age 81 years old.

Question 44

All of the following increase the risk of an older adult developing osteoporosis EXCEPT:

A)regular cardiovascular exercise.
B)lack of weight-bearing exercise.
C)insufficient calcium intake.
D)spending all day indoors.
E)lack of vitamin D.

Question 45

Slower peristalsis is a common physiological change associated with aging.To help with this,older adults could try:

A)consuming more fiber and more fluids.
B)consuming more fiber and less fluids.
C)consuming less fiber and less fluids.
D)consuming more fiber and more dairy.
E)consuming more dairy and more protein.

Question 46

Eating well and staying active can help older adults:

A)live longer.
B)live healthier.
C)maintain their independence.
D)keep a positive mental outlook.
E)All of the abovE.

Question 47

Some foods that are more commonly consumed in Blue Zones than outside of Blue Zones include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)legumes.
B)tofu.
C)turkey.
D)nuts.
E)soybeans.

Question 48

Older adults have increased requirement for intake of vitamins B6 and B12 because of:

A)decreased muscle mass.
B)decreased fat stores.
C)decreased absorption of the vitamins in the intestine.
D)decreased intake of foods containing these vitamins.
E)interactions with medications that affect absorption.

Question 49

Older adults with a deficiency in zinc could consume all of the following to increase zinc intake EXCEPT:

A)oysters.
B)red meat.
C)poultry.
D)orange juice.
E)fortified cereal.

Question 50

A vegetarian diet has been shown to contribute to living longer and healthier.A vegetarian would eat all of the following foods EXCEPT:

A)legumes.
B)eggs.
C)tofu.
D)poultry.
E)quinoa.