Question 1

Aging leads to reduced immune function in older adults,making them more susceptible to:
A)cancer.
B)foodborne illness.
C)heart disease.
D)high blood pressure.
E)sleep apnea.

Accepted Answer

As people age, their immune function decreases, leaving them more vulnerable to foodborne illnesses caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites in contaminated food. Older adults may have a weakened immune system, chronic illnesses, and reduced stomach acid.

Question 2

Changes in life expectancy in the last century are primarily due to:
A)computers.
B)reduced infant mortality.
C)higher wages.
D)better schools.
E)improved nutrition.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 3

All of the following are benefits of exercise for seniors EXCEPT:
A)reduced risk of falling.
B)healthier body mass composition.
C)increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
D)enhanced bone health.
E)better cognitive function.

Accepted Answer

Exercise is known to lower the risk of type 2 diabetes in seniors, so option C is not a benefit of exercise for seniors. The other options are all proven benefits of exercise for seniors.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about calorie restriction without nutrient deficiency is false?
A)It increases the longevity of small animals.
B)It decrease the risk of chronic illness in rhesus monkeys.
C)It is recommended for all older adults.
D)It is commonly studied by researchers who are examining aging delays.
E)It is hoped that studying calorie restriction may give more information about the mechanisms of aging.

Accepted Answer

Calorie restriction without nutrient deficiency is not recommended for all older adults, as individual nutritional needs can vary greatly based on factors such as health conditions and activity levels. It is important for individuals to consult with a healthcare professional before making any significant changes to their diet.

Question 5

Which of the following can influence lifespan,or how long a person lives?
A)Heart disease
B)Cancer
C)Smoking
D)Obesity
E)All of the abovE.

Accepted Answer

All of the given options can influence lifespan and contribute to premature death. Heart disease and cancer are two of the leading causes of death globally, smoking is a significant risk factor for many health problems, and obesity can lead to a host of chronic diseases that can shorten lifespan. Therefore, all of these factors can impact how long a person lives.

Question 6

Why do people require fewer calories to maintain their weight as they age?
A)They sleep less.
B)They sleep more.
C)They urinate more frequently.
D)Their total and resting energy expenditures decrease with age.
E)Their appetite changes.

Accepted Answer

As people age, their total and resting energy expenditures decrease. This is because their body composition changes with age, and they tend to have less muscle and more fat. Muscle is more metabolically active than fat, meaning it burns more calories at rest. Therefore, as people age and lose muscle, their body burns fewer calories at rest, which leads to a decrease in total energy expenditure. This means that older people require fewer calories to maintain their weight.

Question 7

Which physiological change(s)is(are)associated with aging?
A)Increase in blood pressure s
B)Decreased ability to concentrate urine
C)Decrease in muscle mass
D)Probable tooth loss
E)All of the abovE.

Accepted Answer

All of the listed changes are associated with aging. Blood pressure tends to increase with age, and the kidneys become less able to concentrate urine. Muscle mass gradually decreases as the body produces less growth hormone and testosterone. Tooth loss is also a common problem in older adults, due to a lifetime of wear and tear on the teeth and gums.

Question 8

Although older adults need to consume nutrient-dense foods,their desire to eat can be affected by:
A)diminished sense of taste.
B)diminished sense of smell.
C)diminished eyesight.
D)A and B.
E)A and C.

Accepted Answer

Both diminished sense of taste and smell can affect an older adult's desire to eat, making it more difficult for them to enjoy their food. This can lead to a decrease in overall food intake and potentially result in malnutrition.

Question 9

Reduced gastric acid production causes malabsorption of which naturally occurring vitamin?
A)Vitamin B6
B)Vitamin B12
C)Vitamin C
D)Vitamin D
E)Vitamin E

Accepted Answer

Reduced gastric acid production can lead to malabsorption of Vitamin B12 since stomach acid is necessary for Vitamin B12 release from food and binding with intrinsic factor for proper absorption in the small intestine.

Question 10

All of the following are lifestyle choices of Seventh-day Adventists,a Blue Zone community,who have a greater life expectancy than non-Adventists,EXCEPT:
A)incorporate dark chocolate into meals.
B)do not smoke.
C)rarely consume alcohol.
D)often practice vegetarianism.
E)regularly consume nuts.

Accepted Answer

Although dark chocolate can have health benefits, it is not specifically cited as a lifestyle choice of Seventh-day Adventists that contributes to their longer life expectancy. On the other hand, the other choices (B, C, D, and E) are consistently mentioned in studies about Blue Zone communities and their longevity. Therefore, the best choices are B, C, D, and E.

Question 11

Seniors who consume a high-dose supplement of vitamins C and E,and minerals zinc,copper,lutein,and zeaxanthin,can slow the progression of:
A)diverticulosis.
B)dementia.
C)atrophic gastritis.
D)oteoporosis.
E)age-related macular degeneration.

Accepted Answer

High-dose supplement of vitamins C and E, and minerals zinc, copper, lutein, and zeaxanthin can slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration, a condition that affects the retina and leads to vision loss in older adults. This supplement does not have a significant impact on the progression of diverticulosis, dementia, atrophic gastritis, or osteoporosis.

Question 12

Which of the following is the primary reason that the body changes as it ages?
A)The body is only intended to last 75 years.
B)Individual cell functioning slows down,and cells die and are not replaced.
C)Body organs cannot survive once a dozen cells die.
D)Decreased lung capacity affects lifespan.
E)The loss of fat mass cannot be overcomE.

Accepted Answer

As we age, our cells undergo a variety of changes that contribute to the aging process. One of the primary factors is the slowing down of individual cell functioning, and the fact that cells eventually reach a point where they die and are not replaced. This leads to deterioration in the functioning of the body's organs and systems over time. While other factors may also contribute to aging, such as environmental factors and lifestyle choices, the decline of cellular functioning is a key underlying factor. None of the other options provided are accurate or supported by scientific evidence.

Question 13

What type of diet is recommended to help reduce the likelihood of developing dementia?
A)Fat based
B)Protein based
C)Grain based
D)Plant based
E)Liquid based

Accepted Answer

A plant-based diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and healthy fats such as those found in nuts and seeds has been associated with a lower risk of developing cognitive decline and dementia. This type of diet is also beneficial for overall health and can reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.

Question 14

Age-related reduction in skeletal muscle mass is called:
A)sarcopeniA.
B)osteoporosis.
C)sarcoma.
D)osteopenia.
E)sarcasm.

Accepted Answer

Age-related reduction in skeletal muscle mass is called sarcopenia.

Question 15

To prevent loss of lean body mass,adults older than 65 should increase their intake of:
A)protein.
B)fat.
C)carbohydrates.
D)water.
E)coffeE.

Accepted Answer

Protein is essential for maintaining and building lean body mass, which helps support healthy bones and muscles. As we age, our bodies tend to lose muscle mass, so increasing protein intake can help prevent this loss. It is recommended for older adults to consume at least 1 to 1.2 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day.

Question 16

Following the loss of a spouse,which of the following can affect the food intake of a widow or widower?
A)Depression
B)Poverty
C)Isolation
D)Loneliness
E)All of the abovE.

Accepted Answer

All of the options can affect the food intake of a widow or widower. Depression can lead to loss of appetite, poverty can limit access to nutritious foods, isolation can decrease motivation to prepare meals, and loneliness can diminish the enjoyment of eating.

Question 17

A primary nutritional concern of an older adult who takes prescription medications and over the counter supplements is:
A)cost.
B)access.
C)effects on metabolism or absorption of nutrients in food.
D)effects on how food tastes.
E)influence on appetitE.

Accepted Answer

Prescription medications and over the counter supplements can affect how nutrients are metabolized or absorbed in the body. This can lead to nutrient deficiencies or toxicities if not monitored properly. Cost, access, taste, and appetite are important concerns as well, but they are not the primary nutritional concern for an older adult taking multiple medications and supplements.

Question 18

Which segment of the U.S.population will see the most growth from 2015 to 2040?
A)Younger than 18
B)18 to 34 years
C)35 to 64 years
D)65 to 84 years
E)85 years and older

Accepted Answer

The segment of the U.S. population that will see the most growth from 2015 to 2040 is the 85 years and older segment. This is due to the aging of the baby boomer generation.

Question 19

Older adults experience changes in their cardiovascular system which include all of the following EXCEPT:
A)atrophy of the heart muscle.
B)loss of elasticity in artery walls.
C)fatty deposits in the arteries.
D)repair of microscopic blood vessels.
E)calcification of the heart valves.

Accepted Answer

Repair of microscopic blood vessels is not a change that typically occurs with aging in the cardiovascular system. The other options are all common changes, such as atrophy of the heart muscle, loss of elasticity in artery walls, fatty deposits in the arteries, and calcification of the heart valves.

Question 20

Reduced exposure to sunlight increases an older adult's need for which vitamin to make up for reduced synthesis by the body?
A)Vitamin A
B)Vitamin B6
C)Vitamin C
D)Vitamin D
E)Vitamin E

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D is synthesized by the body when the skin is exposed to sunlight. Reduced exposure to sunlight, especially in older adults, can lead to decreased vitamin D synthesis. Vitamin D is essential for bone health, immune function, and muscle strength. Therefore, older adults may require supplementation to ensure adequate intake.

Quiz 21: Healthy Diets

Aging leads to reduced immune function in older adults,making them more susceptible to:

Changes in life expectancy in the last century are primarily due to:

All of the following are benefits of exercise for seniors EXCEPT:

Which of the following statements about calorie restriction without nutrient deficiency is false?

Which of the following can influence lifespan,or how long a person lives?

Why do people require fewer calories to maintain their weight as they age?

Which physiological change(s) is(are) associated with aging?

Although older adults need to consume nutrient-dense foods,their desire to eat can be affected by:

Reduced gastric acid production causes malabsorption of which naturally occurring vitamin?

All of the following are lifestyle choices of Seventh-day Adventists,a Blue Zone community,who have a greater life expectancy than non-Adventists,EXCEPT:

Seniors who consume a high-dose supplement of vitamins C and E,and minerals zinc,copper,lutein,and zeaxanthin,can slow the progression of:

Which of the following is the primary reason that the body changes as it ages?

What type of diet is recommended to help reduce the likelihood of developing dementia?

Age-related reduction in skeletal muscle mass is called:

To prevent loss of lean body mass,adults older than 65 should increase their intake of:

Following the loss of a spouse,which of the following can affect the food intake of a widow or widower?

A primary nutritional concern of an older adult who takes prescription medications and over the counter supplements is:

Which segment of the U.S.population will see the most growth from 2015 to 2040?

Older adults experience changes in their cardiovascular system which include all of the following EXCEPT:

Reduced exposure to sunlight increases an older adult's need for which vitamin to make up for reduced synthesis by the body?