Deck 14: Foreign and Defense Policy

Question 1

Which of the following is a "push" factor that influences an individual's decision to cross an international border?

A)Presence of an existing ethnic community
B)Political instability
C)Desire to change careers
D)Political freedom
E)Marrying someone of a different nationality

Answer 1

B

Question 2

President ____________ coined the term "military-industrial complex."

A)George Washington
B)Abraham Lincoln
C)Woodrow Wilson
D)Dwight D. Eisenhower
E)Ronald Reagan

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The Cold War ended when communist regimes in Eastern Europe collapsed in

A)1969.
B)1976.
C)1982.
D)1989.
E)1996.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Taxes on imports used to raise government revenue and to protect infant industries are

A)import taxes.
B)industry taxes.
C)revenue taxes.
D)tariffs.
E)embargo taxes.

Question 5

Containment was a policy designed to develop the U.S.economy through high tariffs and other barriers to free trade.

Question 6

The ______________ was a confrontation over the deployment of ballistic missiles in Cuba,which almost led to war between the U.S.and the Soviet Union in the 1960s.

A)Moscow Affair
B)Cuban Missile Crisis
C)Bay of Pigs Invasion
D)Nuclear Non-Proliferation Plan
E)Cold War

Question 7

Congress's role in foreign policy making includes which of the following?

A)Commanding the armed forces
B)Signing treaties
C)Appointing ambassadors
D)Appointing judges to international tribunals
E)Declaring war

Question 8

The first international organization created to keep the peace after World War I was the

A)World Peace Foundation.
B)Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
C)League of Nations.
D)United Nations.
E)Nations of Peace.

Question 9

The Central Intelligence Agency is responsible for advising the president on foreign and military affairs.

Question 10

At the urging of George Washington,the United States immediately asserted its foreign policy powers.

Question 11

Who attacked the United States on September 11,2001?

A)Al-Qaeda
B)Abu Mussab al-Zarqawi
C)The Taliban
D)Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades
E)Iraq

Question 12

The U.S.often avoided participation in foreign affairs through a foreign policy of

A)isolationism.
B)preemption.
C)multilateralism.
D)globalism.
E)protectionism.

Question 13

The president appoints ambassadors with the advice and consent of the Senate.

Question 14

The National Defense Act of 1916

A)created the Department of Defense.
B)authorized U.S. involvement in World War I.
C)mandated the use of the term National Guard.
D)created the Central Intelligence Agency.
E)created the National Security Agency.

Question 15

The United States entered World War II after the bombing of Pearl Harbor,Hawaii,in

A)1922.
B)1938.
C)1935.
D)1941.
E)1949.

Question 16

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)was founded in 1949 as a regional defense alliance and was the first peacetime military alliance made by the United States.

Question 17

All of the following are elements of soft power EXCEPT

A)technological research.
B)political ideas.
C)military strength.
D)legal philosophies.
E)scientific research.

Question 18

Communism fell in Eastern Europe in 1979.

Question 19

President ________ led the U.S.into World War
I)
I)

A)Franklin D. Roosevelt
B)Woodrow Wilson
C)Warren G. Harding
D)Calvin Coolidge
E)Herbert Hoover

Question 20

The goal of _______________ is to prevent would-be nuclear states from gaining access to the technology they need to make or deliver nuclear weapons.

A)denial
B)disarmament
C)arms control
D)negotiation
E)defense

Question 21

The basis for the United States' intervention in the Caribbean and Latin America was the

A)Madison Doctrine.
B)Adams Policy.
C)Roosevelt Corollary.
D)Southern Principle.
E)Hoover Doctrine.

Question 22

Deciding whether to act alone or with others is the only decision the United States has to make about how it uses its power.

Question 23

The War of 1812 was fought between the U.S.and

A)Great Britain.
B)France.
C)Mexico.
D)Cuba.
E)Spain.

Question 24

The international financial system devised shortly before the end of World War II that created the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund is known as

A)the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
B)the Deregulation System.
C)the Bretton Woods System.
D)containment.
E)Keynesian economics.

Question 25

The president's 1823 pledge that the United States would oppose any attempt by European states to extend political control in the Western Hemisphere was called the

A)Madison Rule.
B)Adams Doctrine.
C)Monroe Doctrine.
D)Jackson Principle.
E)Jefferson Rule.

Question 26

Which of the following is/are among the critical policy areas President Obama identified for the U.S.regarding the developing world?
I)Supporting strong and sustainable democratic governments
II)Eliminating the illegal drug trade
III)Providing economic opportunities for all
IV)Resolving conflicts and holding war criminals accountable

A)III only
B)II and III
C)III and IV
D)I and IV
E)I, III, and IV

Question 27

The ________ Act prevented U.S.ships from leaving U.S.ports for foreign ports without the approval of the federal government.

A)Shipping
B)Embargo
C)Transit
D)Ports
E)Trade

Question 28

The World Trade Organization evolved from the

A)League of Nations.
B)Embargo Act.
C)Monroe Doctrine.
D)General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
E)Marshall Plan.

Question 29

The historic roots of American foreign and defense policy were formed in the period

A)immediately following the Revolutionary War.
B)leading up to World War II.
C)of isolationism in the early 20ᵗʰ century.
D)following the Cold War.
E)after the establishment of the League of Nations.

Question 30

The Embargo Act was designed to

A)halt the British practice of impressment.
B)end the Napoleonic wars.
C)convince the United States to become militarily involved in Europe.
D)keep the Barbary pirates from docking in the Americas.
E)halt the practice of embargoes by the French.

Question 31

There is a strong consensus in the United States about which foreign policy initiatives to pursue.

Question 32

The Department of Homeland Security was created as a response to

A)the Vietnam War.
B)the Persian Gulf War.
C)the War of 1812.
D)the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.
E)the bombing of the U.S.S. Cole.

Question 33

What was the focus of President Obama's 2009 Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech?

A)Economic equality
B)Environmental policy
C)"Just" war
D)Race relations
E)Isolationism

Question 34

According to the theory of ________,the U.S.was divinely ordained to expand across North America to the Pacific Ocean.

A)manifest destiny
B)divine expansion
C)American exceptionalism
D)westward contraction
E)American manifesto

Question 35

George Washington wanted the United States to "steer clear of permanent alliances," but he was not an isolationist.He recognized the need for the United States to engage the rest of the world to do what?

A)Protect human rights
B)Fight communism
C)Trade
D)Encourage cultural exchanges
E)End international conflicts

Question 36

Why did the United States and the Soviet Union become enemies during the Cold War?

A)The United States' use of nuclear weapons in 1945
B)A disagreement between the commanders of their respective armies
C)The implementation of high tariffs in the Soviet Union
D)The United States' refusal to join the United Nations
E)A Communist government in the Soviet Union

Question 37

Why was the period of American history after World War I similar to that of the early 19ᵗʰ century?

A)The U.S. saw a dramatic decrease in immigration.
B)Great Britain attempted to invade the United States.
C)The United States increased their involvement in foreign economies.
D)There was a hardening of isolationist sentiment in the country.
E)The U.S. economy went into a recession.

Question 38

According to the General Accounting Office,one to two million immigrants have illegally entered the United States in each year since 1992.

Question 39

After World War I,President Woodrow Wilson put great faith in a concept called

A)engagement.
B)collective security.
C)the Roosevelt Corollary.
D)the League of Security.
E)the Pacific Peace.

Question 40

The United States entered World War I due to

A)economic concerns about losing European markets.
B)popular demands to intervene to save the British.
C)treaty obligations with Britain and France.
D)the German policy of unrestricted submarine warfare.
E)pressure from allies.

Question 41

The ____________ was created after September 11,2001terrorist attacks to combat terrorism at home and abroad.

A)Department of State.
B)Department of Homeland Security.
C)Department of Defense.
D)Joint Chiefs of Staff.
E)National Security Agency

Question 42

U.S.defense spending was highest during _____________.

A)the War of Northern Aggression
B)World War II
C)World War I
D)the Vietnam War
E)the George W. Bush administration

Question 43

Congress exerts control on foreign policy through all of the following EXCEPT

A)approving treaties.
B)appropriating funds.
C)approving all military deployments.
D)confirming appointments.
E)oversight hearings.

Question 44

The power to formulate foreign policy belongs to

A)the national government.
B)the states.
C)the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
D)the Supreme Court.
E)the Department of Foreign Policy.

Question 45

Which of the following were elements of détente?
I)Negotiations to use rewards and punishments against the Soviet Union rather than military power
II)Establishing arms control standards
III)Agreeing upon rules to govern economic competition in the developing world
IV)Improved relations with China

A)I and IV
B)I and III
C)I, II, and IV
D)I, II and III
E)I, II, III and IV

Question 46

Which of the following types of interest groups are active in attempting to influence foreign and defense policy decisions?
I)Business groups
II)Foreign governments
III)Ethnic interest groups
IV)Public interest groups

A)III only
B)I and II
C)III and IV
D)II, III, and IV
E)I, II, III, and IV

Question 47

Which of the following countries were part of the "inner six" that joined together in 1951 to form the European Coal and Steel Community?
I)United Kingdom
II)West Germany
III)Belgium
IV)Spain

A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and IV
D)I, II, and IV
E)I, II, III, and IV

Question 48

The reduction of tensions and increased contact between the United States and the Soviet Union beginning in the late 1960s was called

A)détente.
B)the Khrushchev Thaw.
C)the Nixon Doctrine.
D)engagement.
E)easement.

Question 49

If President Obama were to use his executive power to invade China and Congress did not approve,how might they best go about circumventing his decision?

A)Hold a vote against the military invasion
B)Stage a protest in front of the White House
C)Refuse to appropriate funds
D)Hold impeachment hearings
E)Lead a coup and overthrow the administration

Question 50

In 1947,the American government decided to help rebuild the economies of war-torn Europe by sending large amounts of aid through a program known as the

A)Truman Doctrine.
B)Marshall Plan.
C)Kennan Proposal.
D)Harvard Plan.
E)Virginia Plan.

Question 51

According to tradition,the __________ is the chief executive branch department responsible for the formulation and implementation of U.S.foreign policy.

A)Department of Homeland Security
B)Federal Emergency Management Agency
C)Department of Defense
D)Department of Agriculture
E)Department of State

Question 52

Which of the following are potential reasons for a negative trade relationship between China and the United States?
I)Loss of U.S.jobs due to a surge in Chinese imports
II)China's increasing emphasis on maintaining relations with the rest of the world
III)China's failure to reduce tariffs on agricultural and industrial projects
IV)U.S.tariffs on tires imported from China

A)I only
B)IV only
C)I and II
D)II and IV
E)I, III, and IV

Question 53

Which president initially engaged in a relaxation of tensions with the Soviet Union in the late 1960s?

A)John F. Kennedy
B)Gerald R. Ford
C)Lyndon B. Johnson
D)Richard M. Nixon
E)Ronald Reagan

Question 54

In 1991,the U.S.military attacked

A)Iraq.
B)Saudi Arabia.
C)Israel.
D)Korea.
E)Panama.

Question 55

The George W.Bush Administration distanced its foreign policy from that of the Clinton Administration by
I)rejecting the Kyoto Protocol.
II)securing Senate approval for NAFTA.
III)refusing to participate in the International Criminal Court.
IV)completing negotiations that led to the establishment of the World Trade Organization.

A)I only
B)III only
C)I and II
D)II and IV
E)I, II, and III

Question 56

President Jimmy Carter actively pursued policies favoring

A)human rights.
B)free trade.
C)friendly relations with North Korea.
D)creating a missile defense shield.
E)weak defense.

Question 57

A fundamental weakness of the Articles of Confederation was that it

A)did not settle competing claims over ownership of western lands.
B)did not create an adequate national defense.
C)regulated interstate commerce.
D)established a uniform foreign policy.
E)made the central government too powerful.

Question 58

The Secure Fence Act called for the creation of

A)a more secure barrier between the U.S. and Canada.
B)a wall around the southern coast of Florida to keep Cuban refugees out.
C)fences to keep Japanese-Americans in internment camps during World War II.
D)a double-reinforced wall along the section of the U.S.-Mexican border where illegal drug trafficking and immigration are most common.
E)a virtual, electronic system to block immigrants entering the southwest United States.

Question 59

The policy that the United States would provide military assistance to anti-communist groups fighting against pro-Soviet governments was called the

A)Carter Doctrine.
B)Mutual Assistance Policy.
C)Bush Principle.
D)Reagan Doctrine.
E)Powell Doctrine.

Question 60

Why is U.S.foreign policy discussed in terms of presidential action?

A)Presidents have greater access to and control over information that any other government official or agency.
B)Congress has no power over going to war.
C)President George Washington established the practice during the Revolutionary War.
D)The media adopted the practice to differentiate wars in similar regions.
E)Presidents attempt to claim military invasions as their own to appeal to pro-defense voters.

Question 61

The North American Free Trade Agreement was passed into law under President George W.Bush.

Question 62

The department most likely to respond to a plane hijacking is the Department of Defense.

Question 63

_____________ is the exercise of political power through persuasion.

A)The Reagan Doctrine
B)Soft power
C)Carter's Theory
D)Hard power
E)Influential power

Question 64

If a politician makes an argument that a country should not have to rely on other countries for help in military operations,what would be the MOST likely reason it would "go nuclear"?

A)International prestige
B)Defense
C)The influence of a strong military interest group
D)The desire to demonstrate scientific knowledge
E)World peace

Question 65

The Bush Administration began the Merida Initiative to

A)fund Mexican and Central American countries' fights against drug cartels.
B)build stronger borders in Arizona.
C)fund NASA defense projects.
D)build defenses against nuclear weapons.
E)create a stronger alliance between the European Union and the United States.

Question 66

The War of 1812 was fought against Spanish Mexico.

Question 67

Human rights became an important part of American foreign policy during the presidency of Ronald Reagan.

Question 68

The International Monetary Fund was created shortly after World War
I.
I.

Question 69

The "guns" and "butter" theory states that

A)the strength of a country's army relies on how healthy they are.
B)refugees should be given food to keep them from becoming violent.
C)most citizens are more interested in domestic policy than foreign policy.
D)taxation on weapons should be higher than on food.
E)the economy will be stronger if military spending is increased and food subsidies are decreased.

Question 70

Foreign policy-making powers are held exclusively by the president.

Question 71

Some scholars believe the United States should help create a _________________,which would partner democracies to counter countries that sponsor or harbor terrorists.

A)League of Nations
B)United Nations
C)International Economy Organization
D)League of Democracies
E)World Bank

Question 72

If a country wanted to formally monitor another country's nuclear weapon program,which of the following groups would be the best to use?

A)Central Intelligence Agency
B)International Atomic Energy Association
C)European Union
D)National Aeronautics and Space Administration
E)Nuclear Non-Proliferation Committee

Question 73

California has the right to make and implement foreign policy.

Question 74

Mutual assured destruction was the foreign policy of the United States and Soviet Union in the 1950s and 1960s.

Question 75

The National Security Council is the legislative agency responsible for advising Congress about foreign and defense policy and events.

Question 76

The Cuban Missile Crisis was a 1982 confrontation between the United States and Iran over the secret sale of weapons to Cuba.

Question 77

President Barack Obama's foreign policy embodies elements of isolationism.

Question 78

In the Spanish American War,the United States gained control of Texas and southern California.

Question 79

A visit by a U.S.president to East Germany during the Cold War would be an example of détente.

Question 80

Congress ratified the Treaty of Versailles,ending World War II and establishing the League of Nations.