Deck 7: Epidemiology: Unraveling the Mysteries of Disease and Health

Question 1

A nurse noted that 15 people became very ill while eating at the school banquet for the basketball team.To calculate the rate of illness,what other fact does the nurse need?

A)How many athletes were honored for being on the team
B)How many parents and family members attended the banquet
C)How many people ate at the banquet
D)How many people live in the school district

Answer 1

How many people ate at the banquet

Question 2

Assuming that City A has a murder rate of 12 per 100,000 population and City B has a murder rate of 24 per 100,000 population,which city has the more worrisome problem?

A)The answer cannot be determined from these data.
B)City A has the more worrisome problem.
C)City B has the more worrisome problem.
D)Both cities have equally worrisome problems.

Answer 2

City B has the more worrisome problem.

Question 3

Which of the following facts would be most helpful to the nurse who is creating a campaign to prevent teenagers from using alcohol?

A)The number of advertisements for alcohol that are currently being published in national magazines and newspapers
B)The number of lead characters in national TV series who consume alcohol on camera
C)The number of local physicians who stress avoiding alcohol use while examining their teenage clients
D)The prevalence of alcohol use among students in the nurse's school

Answer 3

The prevalence of alcohol use among students in the nurse's school

Question 4

When the school nurse discovered three sixth-graders smoking behind a delivery truck in the school parking lot,the nurse could accurately conclude that the three smokers were _____ lung disease.

A)At risk for
B)In the early lesional stage of
C)In the latency period of
D)In the pathogenesis stage of

Question 5

The school nurse set up a "don't smoke,don't start" program that focused on children who did not smoke.Which of the following stages of disease was the focus of the program?

A)Adaptation
B)Convalescence
C)Pathogenesis
D)Prepathogenesis

Question 6

A nurse was given the following data about the children attending school in two area communities:
What is the rate of asthma in the school-age population?

A)5:1000
B)25:1000
C)100:20,000
D)400:2000

Question 7

The community/public health nurse is performing tuberculosis screening for newly hired employees at the local hospital.Which of the following best describes this nursing intervention?

A)Not required by law and unnecessary
B)Primary prevention
C)Secondary prevention
D)Tertiary prevention

Question 8

A community/public health nurse needs to conduct a descriptive study of the health needs of elderly persons attending a congregate meal at the local community center.Therefore,the nurse would

A)Divide the elderly population into two groups (healthy and unhealthy),teach courses on healthy lifestyles,and then measure any changes.
B)Use two randomly chosen groups,teach healthy lifestyles to all participants,and then determine learning through a posttest.
C)Divide the elderly population into two randomly chosen groups,teach healthy lifestyles to one group,and then determine differences in knowledge between the two groups.
D)Screen each elderly person and look for patterns in the findings related to health problems that necessitate attention.

Question 9

Why is the data from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS)not absolutely accurate?

A)A great deal of data is lost en route from physician to NNDSS.
B)Computer operators do not always enter data accurately.
C)Not all cases of such diseases are managed or are reported.
D)Not all physicians know or obey the law to report cases to the NNDSS.

Question 10

The community/public health nurse leads a support group for clients and their families who have been affected by cancer.Which of the following best describes this nursing intervention?

A)Specific protection
B)Primary prevention
C)Secondary prevention
D)Tertiary prevention

Question 11

A nurse was assigned to work with technology-dependent schoolchildren.What kind of study would the nurse most likely conduct to help determine the needs of these children?

A)A case-control study to compare these children with children who are not technology-dependent
B)A cross-sectional study of school-based variables affecting the children
C)A descriptive study regarding prevalence of technology dependence among the total school population
D)An analytic study to determine causes of the children's problems

Question 12

A rate might be accurately defined as

A)Another term for ratio.
B)A way of determining the incidence of disease in a group.
C)A way to make comparisons among equal-size populations.
D)The number of events divided by the number of persons at risk.

Question 13

A school nurse was concerned about the prevalence of obesity in the elementary school classes.On the basis of the literature,the nurse decided to ask each student whether he or she ate breakfast before coming to school in the morning.Which type of study is the nurse conducting?

A)Experimental
B)Case-control
C)Correlational
D)Clinical trial

Question 14

A school nurse decided to begin a "don't smoke,don't start" program.To determine whether the program has any effect,an experimental trial study was planned.Which of the following actions would the nurse take?

A)Divide the students into two groups (smokers and nonsmokers),teach the course to both groups,and then observe for changes in beliefs.
B)Divide the students into two randomly chosen groups,teach the program to all students,and then determine learning and smoking behaviors through a posttest.
C)Use two randomly chosen groups,teach the program to one group,and then determine differences in knowledge and smoking behaviors between the two groups.
D)Screen each student,and look for evidence of smoking behaviors.

Question 15

The community/public health nurse invites a dietitian to a healthy lifestyles program to discuss fun ways to eat vegetables and fruits as snacks.Which of the following best describes this nursing intervention?

A)Disability limitation
B)Primary prevention
C)Secondary prevention
D)Tertiary prevention

Question 16

Which is the best reason why children to choose to smoke?

A)Movies that show heroes and heroines always smoking
B)Multiple factors,including media and peer pressure
C)The addictive effects of nicotine
D)The tobacco companies,which advertise heavily

Question 17

A nurse was asked whether the agency should offer additional health promotion programming for young mothers in the Two Oaks neighborhood or the Centerville neighborhood.Two Oaks is a village that has a population of 4000 persons,of whom 50 are single mothers,whereas Centerville is an urban area of 15,000 people,of whom 150 are single mothers.On the basis of this information,which of the following would be the best response by the nurse?

A)Additional programming will be helpful and appropriate in either neighborhood.
B)The nurse needs to know the total number of children in these neighborhoods before making a decision.
C)The nurse should choose to focus on single mothers in Centerville.
D)The nurse should choose to focus on single mothers in Two Oaks.

Question 18

Which of the following data is collected by the U.S.Department of Commerce?

A)Health of businesses in America
B)Locations of all hospitals and clinics
C)Property values in each county and state
D)Growth in areas of the country

Question 19

In a "don't smoke,don't start" program,the school nurse decided to focus on all aspects of the epidemiologic triangle.Which of the following would the nurse include?

A)The benefits of smoking,the risks of smoking,and the expense of smoking
B)The pleasures of smoking,the risks of smoking,and the costs of smoking
C)The risks of nicotine,genetic factors related to nicotine absorption,and media pressures to smoke
D)The risks of nicotine,the cost of smoking,and the taxes on cigarettes

Question 20

Who was the first nurse epidemiologist who pioneered the use of statistics to improve public health?

A)Dorothea Dix
B)Florence Nightingale
C)Lillian Wald
D)Sue Barton

Question 21

Which of the following is a problem with using death certificates to determine major causes of death in the population?

A)The focus is on the immediate cause or disease,not the underlying causes.
B)The legal cause of death is stated,instead of the medical cause.
C)Information provided for older adults is more accurate than that for younger adults.
D)Death certificates are difficult to interpret with all the comorbid conditions.

Question 22

Which of the following factors is positively correlated with having a baby of low birth weight?

A)Engaging in regular exercise
B)Receiving early prenatal care
C)Having multiple sexual partners
D)Using illicit drugs,alcohol,or tobacco

Question 23

The school nurse decides to implement a health promotion program for the parents of the school-age children.Which of the following topics would be most important for the nurse to include?

A)Eating a nutritious diet
B)Exercising and sleeping well
C)Promoting creative play
D)Performing a safety check in the home

Question 24

The state legislators were discussing the high injury rate among individuals between 15 and 24 years of age.Which of the following factors is involved in most of these injuries?

A)Guns
B)Gangs
C)Motor vehicles
D)Sharp objects (knives)and blunt objects (such as baseball bats)

Question 25

According to Table 7-8,the leading cause of death in young U.S.adults aged 25 to 44 is unintentional injury.
The primary causes of death in the United States among adults aged 65 and older are

A)Alzheimer disease,cardiac disease,and chronic lower respiratory tract diseases.
B)Alzheimer disease,cardiac disease,and diabetes mellitus.
C)Cardiac disease,malignant neoplasms,and cerebrovascular disease.
D)Cardiac disease,cerebrovascular disease,and diabetes mellitus.

Question 26

Incidence data are especially helpful for what purposes? (Select all that apply.)

A)Evaluating treatments that prolong life
B)Measuring the rate of new illnesses in a population
C)Assessing risks associated with particular illnesses
D)Determining health care personnel needs
E)Illustrating whether interventions are effective
F)Planning health care services and facilities

Question 27

According to Table 7-9,the top three causes of death in the United States among adults aged 65 and older are diseases of the heart,malignant neoplasms,and cerebrovascular diseases.
Which of the following groups would be considered most at risk to have poor health?

A)The adolescents in the high school hobby club
B)The adults who met for the "Stop Shopping" therapy group
C)The women who met once a week to discuss the challenges of single parenthood
D)The group of homeless women who were trying to find low-rent apartments

Question 28

The leading cause of death by a wide margin in young U.S.adults aged 25 to 44 is

A)Alzheimer's disease.
B)Cardiac disease.
C)Malignant neoplasms.
D)Unintentional injury.

Question 29

Which of the following is the primary underlying factor for differences in health status in the United States?

A)Minority status
B)Geographic location
C)Sexual behavior
D)Poverty or socioeconomic status

Question 30

Which of the following is the rate most widely used to compare the health of populations across countries?

A)Birth rate
B)Crude mortality rate
C)Rate of death from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infection
D)Infant mortality rate

Question 31

How can prevalence data be helpful? (Select all that apply.)

A)In evaluating treatments that prolong life
B)In measuring the rate of new illnesses in a population
C)In assessing risks associated with particular illnesses
D)In determining health care personnel needs
E)In representing new cases of an illness in a population
F)In planning health care services and facilities

Question 32

A nurse volunteered to help 1 day a week at the senior citizens' center in the community.Which of the following would be the best intervention that the nurse could perform to promote health?

A)Contribute all fabric and scrapbooking supplies for the participants to use.
B)Encourage everyone to be involved in a basic physical exercise class.
C)Lead a life history class with a focus on reminiscence.
D)Teach good nutrition and low-cost diet choices.