Question 1

A nurse noted that 15 people became very ill while eating at the school banquet for the basketball team.To calculate the rate of illness,what other fact does the nurse need?

Accepted Answer

To be able to calculate the rate,the nurse needs to know how many (15)of the total population (the missing number)became ill at the event.Therefore,the nurse needs to know how many people ate at the banquet.

Question 2

Assuming that City A has a murder rate of 12 per 100,000 population and City B has a murder rate of 24 per 100,000 population,which city has the more worrisome problem?

Accepted Answer

Because City B has a murder rate of 24:100,000,whereas City A has a rate of 12:100,000,the murder rate in City B is twice as high as that in City A and hence has the more challenging problem.

Question 3

Which of the following facts would be most helpful to the nurse who is creating a campaign to prevent teenagers from using alcohol?

Accepted Answer

There are multiple factors associated with the choice made by teenagers to consume alcohol.The nurse must analyze the factors and determine what factors can be influenced through a campaign.All of the answers reflect factors in use of alcohol by teenagers;however,the only factor the nurse can influence is the alcohol use by students at the nurse's school.

Question 4

When the school nurse discovered three sixth-graders smoking behind a delivery truck in the school parking lot,the nurse could accurately conclude that the three smokers were _____ lung disease.

Accepted Answer

On the basis of the limited information in the question,only "at risk for lung disease" can be accurately concluded without more data as to length of smoking,number of cigarettes per day,coughing,other symptoms,and so on.

Question 5

The school nurse set up a "don't smoke,don't start" program that focused on children who did not smoke.Which of the following stages of disease was the focus of the program?

Accepted Answer

Before smoking,the students would be in the prepathogenesis stage because no disease is currently present.They would be susceptible to disease if they began smoking.

Question 6

A nurse was given the following data about the children attending school in two area communities: 
What is the rate of asthma in the school-age population?

Accepted Answer

With 100 asthmatic children among 4000 total children,the rate is 100:4000,simplified to 25:1000.

Question 7

The community/public health nurse is performing tuberculosis screening for newly hired employees at the local hospital.Which of the following best describes this nursing intervention?

Accepted Answer

This screening constitutes secondary prevention because the screening would lead to possible diagnosis and treatment of those with tuberculosis.

Question 8

A community/public health nurse needs to conduct a descriptive study of the health needs of elderly persons attending a congregate meal at the local community center.Therefore,the nurse would

Accepted Answer

Descriptive studies focus on the amount and distribution of disease within a population;thus,screening would give the nurse information on the health needs of the elderly population as a whole.

Question 9

Why is the data from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS)not absolutely accurate?

Accepted Answer

The law requires reporting diseases to the state agencies,but reporting to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)or NNDSS is voluntary.Furthermore,not all affected patients receive medical care,and not all treated cases are reported.In addition,the completeness of reporting varies.

Question 10

The community/public health nurse leads a support group for clients and their families who have been affected by cancer.Which of the following best describes this nursing intervention?

Accepted Answer

Support groups are considered tertiary prevention.The clients and their families have already been affected by cancer,and the nurse is assisting them to prevent further problems.

Question 11

A nurse was assigned to work with technology-dependent schoolchildren.What kind of study would the nurse most likely conduct to help determine the needs of these children?

Accepted Answer

There would be no point in comparing the technology-dependent children with children who are not technology-dependent or in trying to determine the causes of the children's problems.A descriptive study of prevalence might be helpful if it focused on the different types of dependencies,which might provide hints about community problems.However,a cross-sectional study (performed at one time)to determine other needs might be very useful as the nurse plans nursing care for the group.

Question 12

A rate might be accurately defined as

Accepted Answer

A rate is a fraction in which the numerator is the actual number of events and the denominator is the total population at risk;this fraction is converted to a standard base to enable comparisons between various population groups of any size.

Question 13

A school nurse was concerned about the prevalence of obesity in the elementary school classes.On the basis of the literature,the nurse decided to ask each student whether he or she ate breakfast before coming to school in the morning.Which type of study is the nurse conducting?

Accepted Answer

In a correlational study,investigators look for associations between two factors-in this case,between obesity and possible contributing factors.Experimental studies must involve two groups of people: a control group and an experimental group.Case-control studies are retrospective because the study begins after the health outcome has already occurred.In this case,a case-control study would be performed if only the obese children were asked the question.A clinical trial is similar to an experimental study.

Question 14

A school nurse decided to begin a "don't smoke,don't start" program.To determine whether the program has any effect,an experimental trial study was planned.Which of the following actions would the nurse take?

Accepted Answer

Because the nurse is planning an experimental trial study,the only option that demonstrates this type of approach with randomization and control is to randomly choose two groups,teach the program to one group,and then determine the differences between the two groups.

Question 15

The community/public health nurse invites a dietitian to a healthy lifestyles program to discuss fun ways to eat vegetables and fruits as snacks.Which of the following best describes this nursing intervention?

Accepted Answer

This intervention would be considered primary prevention,as poor eating habits may lead to obesity and chronic diseases such as diabetes later in life.

Question 16

Which is the best reason why children to choose to smoke?

Accepted Answer

As the web-of-causation model and other multiple causation models demonstrate,multiple factors,including media and peer pressure,interact to affect health behaviors.

Question 17

A nurse was asked whether the agency should offer additional health promotion programming for young mothers in the Two Oaks neighborhood or the Centerville neighborhood.Two Oaks is a village that has a population of 4000 persons,of whom 50 are single mothers,whereas Centerville is an urban area of 15,000 people,of whom 150 are single mothers.On the basis of this information,which of the following would be the best response by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Single mothers are a population that is considered to be a high-risk group.Because Two Oaks has a higher rate of single moms than Centerville does,it would be important for the nurse to offer additional health promotion programming in this community.

Question 18

Which of the following data is collected by the U.S.Department of Commerce?

Accepted Answer

The U.S.Department of Commerce collects data related to health and economics,including which area of the country is growing the fastest,which state has the highest median age,household and family data,fertility data,numbers in the labor force,and poverty and unemployment rates.

Question 19

In a "don't smoke,don't start" program,the school nurse decided to focus on all aspects of the epidemiologic triangle.Which of the following would the nurse include?

Accepted Answer

The three aspects of the epidemiologic triangle are the agent factors,host factors,and environmental factors.This is best represented by the risks of nicotine (agent),genetic factors related to absorption (host),and the media pressures to smoke (environmental).

Question 20

Who was the first nurse epidemiologist who pioneered the use of statistics to improve public health?

Accepted Answer

Florence Nightingale used statistics to show changes in outcomes as hospital conditions improved during the war because of nurses.

Quiz 7: Epidemiology: Unraveling the Mysteries of Disease and Health