Question 1

What is one approach to coping that is used by many families who have a family member addicted to drugs or alcohol?

Accepted Answer

The family may blame the addict for all problems and perceive the other family members as very responsible.Sometimes families reorganize and exclude the addicted individual.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a host factor in addiction?

Accepted Answer

The host factor in addiction resides within the person who has the addiction.Genetic inheritance is the only example listed that relates to the characteristics of the host.All the other answers represent environmental factors.Genetic inheritance is unique to the involved individual.

Question 3

Which aggregate is most at risk for alcohol and drug abuse?

Accepted Answer

Addictions are considered problems of youth or adulthood,not old age.The rate of dependence and abuse is highest among young persons,especially those aged 18 to 25.

Question 4

A 19-year-old college student was smoking a cigarette and drinking a cup of coffee.What effect would he expect these substances to have on how he is feeling?

Accepted Answer

Because both nicotine and caffeine are legal drugs,accepted in many American subcultures,the college student was probably relaxed and alert.He was not concerned about addiction,although if he got jittery he may eventually feel he needs to cut back a bit.

Question 5

Who is the primary focus of community efforts in relation to substance abuse?

Accepted Answer

The primary focus is on children and adolescents to discourage the initial use of substances.The older the person is before he or she experiments with substances,the less probable it is that the person will become addicted.

Question 6

What is the relationship between tobacco use and educational level?

Accepted Answer

Persons who have graduated from college are the population least likely to use tobacco products.The use of tobacco products decreases with an increased educational level.

Question 7

Which of the following has been identified as one of the major treatment barriers for persons with a substance abuse disorder?

Accepted Answer

Stigma has been identified as one of the major treatment barriers for persons with a substance use disorder.Stigma focuses on a person's difference,not his or her commonality,and on the personal challenge,not the strength.The other factors may also be barriers to treatment but have not been identified as major problems.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about persons experiencing a comorbidity is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Drug abuse may bring about symptoms of another mental illness (for example,increased risk of psychosis in vulnerable marijuana users).It is very difficult to determine which disorder caused the other,even if one behavior was observed first.Comorbidity usually involves exhibiting psychiatric and substance use disorders.Persons with diagnosed personality disorders have a higher incidence of substance use disorders.

Question 9

Which of the following clients demonstrates the characteristics of addiction?

Accepted Answer

By definition,addiction refers to a chronic,relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking despite negative consequences.This acknowledges that the brain undergoes significant changes in its structure and function because of the illicit substances.

Question 10

What is the most commonly abused illicit (illegal)substance?

Accepted Answer

Marijuana is still the most commonly abused illicit drug.

Question 11

A nurse states that a client is experiencing dependency.Which of the following reasons for drug use has the client probably reported?

Accepted Answer

The first stage in addiction is experimental use and social use.The second stage is when problem use or abuse occurs.The substances are used to manipulate felt emotions.After this stage,the drug is used to avoid pain and depression and to try to feel normal;this condition is termed dependency.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is the best description of the gateway theory of drug use?

Accepted Answer

In the gateway theory of drug use,adolescents begin experimenting with alcohol or tobacco,sometimes later progressing to marijuana.Addiction is a disease of the brain,but that does not apply to the gateway theory of drug use.Adolescents may begin with occasional use and gradually increase use to a regular occurrence;however,this describes a different type of progression of drug use.Drug-seeking behavior is a primitive response that occurs before conscious awareness.

Question 13

Which of the following interventions would a community/public health nurse implement as a primary strategy to prevent drug and alcohol abuse?

Accepted Answer

Primary prevention is providing education,assisting with development of coping life skills,helping the community set appropriate norms,and providing alternative experiences.Focusing on the families and alcoholic persons for treatment is secondary or tertiary prevention.

Question 14

A 15-year-old high school junior girl drank alcohol constantly.Which of the following would be a personal host factor?

Accepted Answer

Individual risk factors include early antisocial behavior,alienation and rebelliousness,susceptibility to peer influence,and low self-esteem.The other answers are all related to her family,which would be environmental factors.

Question 15

A nurse is counseling the wife of a substance abuser,who states that she may be co-dependent.Which of the following behaviors would most likely be reported?

Accepted Answer

A co-dependent person,or enabler,is one who works at limiting or eliminating the harmful consequences of the user's behavior,thereby enabling the user to continue the abuse pattern.Helping the user obtain the substance,establishing trust within the family,and referring the user to a treatment program are not typical behaviors of someone who is co-dependent.

Question 16

A mother defensively said,"I consumed alcohol while I was pregnant with my baby,and except for being small,she is okay." What characteristics would the nurse expect the infant to exhibit when grown?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol exposure during pregnancy has serious consequences.Common symptoms observed may include learning disabilities,intellectual disabilities or low IQ,speech and language delays,poor reasoning and judgment skills,attention deficits,poor memory,and poor coordination.These behaviors are on a spectrum of severity that depends on the individual.Children of mothers who have used cocaine or heroin are at greater risk for experiencing child abuse and may demonstrate rapid mood changes as infants.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of an environmental factor in addiction?

Accepted Answer

An environmental factor in addiction includes the social,economic,physical,political,and cultural settings in which the host and agent interact.The environment also includes the meaning,values,and norms assigned to a drug by its culture,community,and society.All the options represent host factors except for cultural expectations,which are environmental.

Question 18

Which of the following is a sign of drug use in the workplace?

Accepted Answer

Signs of drug use in the work place include altered and slow reactions,irritability,and low productivity.Nervousness is not described as one of the signs of drug use in the workplace.

Question 19

As of 2011,what is the federal government's priority in addressing substance abuse?

Accepted Answer

Although the evidence-based solutions for substance use disorders require increased prevention and treatment,the funding of such efforts lags behind.In 2009,the budget of the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP)allotted 35% for prevention and treatment research to reduce demand,whereas law enforcement to reduce supply received 65%.Budget allocation is a reflection of priority.

Question 20

How is substance abuse defined?

Accepted Answer

By definition in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition,Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR),the term substance abuse refers to a maladaptive pattern of substance use manifested by recurrent and significant adverse consequences occurring within a 12-month period.

Quiz 25: Substance Use Disorders