Question 1

Which of the following is a problem with using death certificates to determine major causes of death in the population?

Accepted Answer

Death certificates are reports of the immediate cause of death,such as lung cancer,but not the underlying causes of death,such as smoking for 20 years.Because comorbid conditions are not listed,the certificates are more accurate for young adults who die from a particular cause than for older adults who may have died from a combination of health problems.The text in Chapter 7 does not clearly state that immediate causes are reported,but it does imply the problems with reporting the disease,not the cause of the disease.

Question 2

Which of the following factors is positively correlated with having a baby of low birth weight?

Accepted Answer

Low birth weight in newborns is correlated with late prenatal care,maternal age of younger than 18 years,dieting or poor nutrition,and use of illicit drugs,alcohol,or tobacco.

Question 3

The school nurse decides to implement a health promotion program for the parents of the school-age children.Which of the following topics would be most important for the nurse to include?

Accepted Answer

Although all items would be useful,a focus on safety would be most helpful in avoiding preventable injuries,which is the major cause of death in school-age children.

Question 4

The state legislators were discussing the high injury rate among individuals between 15 and 24 years of age.Which of the following factors is involved in most of these injuries?

Accepted Answer

Most injuries among persons between 15 and 24 years of age involve motor vehicles,of which 35% also involve alcohol.

Question 5

According to Table 7-8,the leading cause of death in young U.S.adults aged 25 to 44 is unintentional injury.
-The primary causes of death in the United States among adults aged 65 and older are

Accepted Answer

According to Table 7-8, the top three causes of death among adults aged 65 and older are cardiac disease, malignant neoplasms, and cerebrovascular disease. Alzheimer's disease and chronic lower respiratory tract diseases are not among the top three causes of death in this age group. While diabetes mellitus is a common health concern for older adults, it is not one of the leading causes of death.

Question 6

Incidence data are especially helpful for what purposes? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Incidence rates are important because they are a direct measure of the magnitude of new illnesses in a population and enable investigators to assess the risks associated with particular illnesses.Because it is a relatively rapidly changing number,incidence also illustrates whether preventive health measures are effective.

Question 7

According to Table 7-9,the top three causes of death in the United States among adults aged 65 and older are diseases of the heart,malignant neoplasms,and cerebrovascular diseases.
-Which of the following groups would be considered most at risk to have poor health?

Accepted Answer

Poverty is the factor most highly correlated with poor health.Thus,the homeless women who are trying to find low-rent apartments would be the group most at risk for health problems.

Question 8

The leading cause of death by a wide margin in young U.S.adults aged 25 to 44 is

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the leading cause of death in young U.S. adults aged 25 to 44 is unintentional injury. This can include motor vehicle accidents, accidental drug overdoses, falls, and other types of accidents.

Question 9

Which of the following is the primary underlying factor for differences in health status in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Poverty and socioeconomic status have the greatest effect on differences in health status in the United States.

Question 10

Which of the following is the rate most widely used to compare the health of populations across countries?

Accepted Answer

The infant mortality rate is extremely sensitive and,if high,indicates unmet health needs or an unfavorable environment,or both.Therefore,the infant mortality rate is used for determining changes in level of health over time and for cross-country comparisons.

Question 11

How can prevalence data be helpful? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Prevalence rates represent all cases of an illness and have relevance for planning health care services,resources,and facilities;for determining health care personnel needs;and for evaluating treatments that prolong life.Incidence rates are important because they are a direct measure of the magnitude of new illnesses in a population and enable investigators to assess the risk associated with particular illnesses.

Question 12

A nurse volunteered to help 1 day a week at the senior citizens' center in the community.Which of the following would be the best intervention that the nurse could perform to promote health?

Accepted Answer

Although all these measures might be useful,the key to physiologic decline is lack of physical activity;therefore,any exercise program would be most helpful.

Quiz 7: Epidemiology: Unraveling the Mysteries of Disease and Health