Deck 3: Performances

Question 1

Which one of the following statements best describes the claims of the learning model of socialization?

A)Socialization is a lifelong process of learning and relearning gendered expectations and how to negotiate them.
B)Socialization is a learning process in childhood that fits us to our particular culture and which we then use for the rest of our lives.
C)The children who learn how to do gender well at home won't need to try as hard to learn the gender rules once they enter school.
D)Playing with Barbies and baby dolls or trucks and guns as a child will have lifelong effects on the way the child will do gender as an adult.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In Belgium,the color pink is seen as a color for boys,while in the United States,the color pink is seen as a color for girls.The different views of pink show how there can be __________ in gender rules.

A)cross-cultural variation
B)historical variation
C)gender accounts
D)gender policing

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The injection idea of socialization fails to explain how people learn to do gender because

A)socialization is finished by the time we are adults.
B)it assumes there is one coherent set of gender rules that children learn and apply throughout their lives.
C)it suggests that people change gender rules,but gender rules do not change over time in a society.
D)it does not account for the innate biological differences between males and females.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The way that children do gender is

A)increasingly inflexible as they learn increasing numbers of rules about doing gender correctly.
B)more flexible and less binary than their parents typically expect.
C)a reflection of greater biological predispositions toward fashion and nurturance among girls and for guns and trucks among boys,which most parents have to acknowledge.
D)more rigid and binary than the way adults do gender because they are still learning the rules in all their complexity.

Question 5

Many women enjoy dressing up,dancing,and flirting at a club.This is an example of

A)how gender rules become internalized as habits.
B)how gender rules in the United States are unfair to women.
C)how gender rules reflect biological predispositions.
D)how following gender rules can be a source of pleasure.

Question 6

Which of the following best characterizes gender policing?

A)Policing is always malicious and cruel and,like other forms of bullying,it should never be tolerated.
B)Gender policing is never done to high-status people such as celebrities and politicians.
C)Gender policing is something we sometimes do to ourselves and our best friends with the best of intentions.
D)Gender policing is always harmless because it is often done with jokes and affection.

Question 7

Which of the following descriptions best conveys the meaning of the term "gender policing"?

A)culturally specific instructions for how a man or a woman of a certain social status should appear and behave
B)responses to violations of gender rules aimed at promoting conformity
C)the process by which something becomes coded as masculine or feminine
D)the idea that we all have been socialized to fit gender binary roles

Question 8

When the authors emphasize that,when a child gets a pair of gender binary glasses,it's just the first pair,they mean to say that

A)parents are the primary sources of information that show children that gender matters.
B)children can't see gender at all until they are actively taught to follow the gender rules of their culture.
C)adults expect even very young children to follow rigid gender binary rules.
D)young children perceive gender in their society,but they may do so differently than when they are adults.

Question 9

Why do most of us do gender,at least a little,in our everyday interactions?

A)If you don't do gender,you become culturally unintelligible and people will not know how to interact with you.
B)We all find doing gender to be enjoyable and pleasurable.
C)Our biological differences program us to act in specific,gendered ways.
D)It isn't possible to not do gender,so everyone always does it.

Question 10

Around age six,children become very concerned with doing gender correctly.What does this rigidity tell us about gender norms?

A)It is strong evidence that there is a biological predisposition toward binary male and female identities.
B)They are learning that gender rules are important,but haven't yet figured out whether and how to break them.
C)It is strong evidence that early childhood socialization is the most powerful force shaping adult gender roles.
D)It is a symptom of nonegalitarian parenting.

Question 11

According to the authors of your textbook,American men usually don't deliberate about whether to pee sitting down or standing up.This is an example of

A)how gender rules become internalized as habits.
B)how gender rules are learned over an entire lifetime.
C)how gender rules in the United States are unfair to women.
D)how following gender rules can be a source of pleasure.

Question 12

Nathan and Olivia have both joined an online dating site.Nathan posts photos of himself playing soccer,while Olivia posts photos of herself wearing dresses,high heels,and makeup.Nathan and Olivia have both demonstrated the importance of __________ in society.

A)cultural traveling
B)gender accounts
C)gender policing
D)gender rules

Question 13

Hannah recently married George.Hannah decided to keep her maiden name after marriage,which is a deviation from gender rules.Hannah often tells people that the reason she kept her maiden name is for professional reasons,since she already has published articles under that name.This explanation is a good example of

A)an account.
B)cultural traveling.
C)a gender rule.
D)gender policing.

Question 14

Juliana does a lot of __________ in her daily life.She works as a lawyer,so she wears professional pant and skirt suits to work every day.When she comes home,though,she often likes to go to yoga to unwind,so she changes into yoga pants and tank tops to wear to her yoga classes.Depending on the context,how she does femininity changes.

A)cultural traveling
B)gender accounts
C)gender policing
D)gender rules

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of gender policing?

A)not being hired for a job you are qualified for because you are a woman
B)a woman being told that she looks attractive when wearing an evening gown
C)calling a guy cute rather than handsome
D)asking a guy why he shaves his legs

Question 16

Which individual is the LEAST likely to be policed?

A)a short,thin cisgender man
B)a tall,strong cisgender woman
C)a tall,strong trans woman
D)a short,thin cisgender woman

Question 17

Gender policing works on women because

A)unlike men,they have to pay attention to what others think of their performance of gender.
B)just like men,they have to pay attention to what others think of their performance of gender.
C)women find it harder to come up with explanations for their behavior than men do.
D)the gender rules that apply to women are more consistent than those that apply to men.

Question 18

How does one "do gender" in society?

A)Doing gender means that we actively obey,and do not break,gender rules.
B)Doing gender means that we passively obey,and also break,gender rules.
C)Doing gender means that we actively obey,and also break,gender rules.
D)Doing gender means that we actively break gender rules and do not obey any of them.

Question 19

The __________ model of socialization suggests that socialization is a lifelong process of learning and relearning gendered expectations.

A)biological
B)injection
C)learning
D)nurturing

Question 20

Which of the following best conveys the meaning of the term "gender rules"?

A)rules stating that we all have been socialized to fit into masculine and feminine roles
B)culturally specific instructions for how to appear and behave as a man or a woman
C)conformity-promoting responses to the violation of the gender binary in particular situations
D)the process by which something becomes coded as masculine or feminine

Question 21

Why are guys who dress up like women at Halloween unlikely to be victims of hate crimes?

A)Dressing up like a woman for Halloween is highly encouraged by society.
B)The guys can use Halloween to account for their behavior.
C)Guys dressed up like women on Halloween are so masculine that they would never fool anyone.
D)They are following the gender rules that apply on Halloween.

Question 22

What is one reason why individuals break gender rules?

A)Gender rules serve no purpose in contemporary society.
B)Breaking gender rules is considered so minor that it never comes with any significant social costs.
C)Gender rules are no longer policed within society.
D)Gender rules can be viewed as personally undesirable or socially wrong.

Question 23

If men and women aren't naturally opposite,then why do they act so differently so much of the time?

Question 24

Use an example of a back-and-forth interaction between two individuals to distinguish among (a)gender policing and (b)giving accounts for breaking gender rules.In your back-and-forth,give an example of an account that would be an acceptable account for the rule breaking and an example of an unacceptable account.Clearly label each piece of the interaction you describe (real or imaginary)with the appropriate term for what their words and actions represent.

Question 25

Compare and contrast an injection model of socialization and a learning model of socialization.Which model better explains gender socialization? Make sure to provide supporting details to explain your viewpoint.

Question 26

A preschooler who told a classmate that "everybody has a penis but only girls wear barrettes" was

A)offering an account for breaking a gender rule.
B)revealing how little he knew about biology's effects on behavior.
C)showing how kids can say the silliest things.
D)revealing how meaningful gender performance is,no matter what body someone has.

Question 27

Define what it means to "do gender" and then evaluate how well you think you "do gender" in your daily life.In what ways do you obey gender rules? In what ways do you break them? Make sure to provide detailed responses to justify your perspective.

Question 28

Provide an example of two strongly contrasting gender performances by women (or by men),both of which American culture defines as fully acceptable and following gender rules adequately,but which seem to be the reverse of each other.Explain how such divergent roles can exist if there are gender rules that people are following.

Question 29

Which of the following statements is TRUE of gender policing?

A)Gender policing is only problematic when it is done violently.
B)Gender policing is less influential if it comes from someone you care for (like your girlfriend or boyfriend).
C)We cannot police ourselves,so we police others.
D)We police ourselves and others,and even recruit others to help us police ourselves.

Question 30

How can accounts uphold gender rules?

A)They can provide biological explanations for gendered behaviors.
B)They can excuse behavior and affirm the legitimacy of the rule that was broken.
C)They can demonstrate how an individual intentionally broke a rule.
D)They always lead to punishment and sanctions,which then reinforce the belief that the rules should be followed.

Question 31

Do you agree that the number one gender rule is to "do gender"? Why or why not? In the development of your response,make sure to address how easy,or difficult,you think it is to not do gender in society.

Question 32

A woman who does not do femininity finds her gender identity constantly questioned by suspicious clerks.Why is that?

A)Not doing gender in ways that make sense to others is a communicative crisis for these clerks;they don't know what to think or do in response.
B)Heterosexism is so widespread that store clerks automatically challenge anyone who looks homosexual.
C)Gender policing has become too extreme in U.S.society.
D)Good people always conform to gender rules as much as they can.