Deck 4: Pharmacology

Question 1

What is the easiest drug injection route to use?

A)intramuscular route
B)subcutaneous route
C)oral route
D)intravenous route

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is the absorption rate of the subcutaneous injection route?

A)slow and sporadic
B)rapid and sporadic
C)slow and constant
D)rapid and constant

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What is NOT an advantage of injecting drugs intravenously?

A)absorption rate can be controlled by using different solutions
B)drugs that irritate tissue can be taken
C)effects can be immediate
D)doses can be precisely adjusted

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What is a common street term for injecting a drug intravenously?

A)freebasing
B)going cold turkey
C)mainlining
D)tripping

Question 5

Approximately how many people are infected with Hepatitis C in Canada,according to the 2006 Public Health Agency of Canada report?

A)150 000 people
B)250 000 people
C)350 000 people
D)450 000 people

Question 6

What happens to a drug when it changes from solid to liquid after being mixed with a liquid?

A)It is dissolved.
B)It is suspended.
C)It is diffused.
D)It is absorbed.

Question 7

Which drug is most associated with intranasal administration?

A)amphetamine
B)LSD
C)cocaine
D)benzodiazepine

Question 8

Experience has demonstrated that when a large volume of a particular drug solution is taken,body tissue becomes irritated.What drug taking method is therefore not advised?

A)subcutaneous
B)intramuscular
C)intravenous
D)oral

Question 9

After surgery,Tom and his doctor discuss how best to administer the drugs he will need.Tom makes a suggestion,but his doctor replies that "only a small amount of drug can be absorbed in any one administration." Which method did Tom suggest?

A)subcutaneous
B)inhalation
C)sublingual
D)oral

Question 10

Jack just took his daily vitamin.What bodily process is activated as his body breaks the vitamin into more simple components and waste?

A)absorption
B)metabolism
C)synthesis
D)biotransformation

Question 11

Approximately how many people are infected with HIV in Canada,according to the 2006 Public Health Agency of Canada report?

A)65 000 people
B)85 000 people
C)115 000 people
D)135 000 people

Question 12

When drugs are swallowed,they pass through the stomach,but then where are they absorbed?

A)small intestine
B)kidneys
C)liver
D)large intestine

Question 13

Which factor does the effect of a drug depend most fundamentally upon?

A)body size
B)how much drug is taken
C)psychological set
D)the amount of food in the stomach

Question 14

What defines the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action?

A)pharmacokinetics
B)psychopharmacology
C)pharmacodynamics
D)biochemistry

Question 15

Amanda has just finished drinking a bottle of red wine with her friends.What organ will the wine pass through before reaching her brain?

A)kidneys
B)liver
C)pancreas
D)pituitary gland

Question 16

If you were reseaching a strategy to fight HIV and Hep-C risk,what would you discover to be Canada's most common approach?

A)free physician consultation and prescription for syringes
B)needle exchange programs
C)free blood testing and condom distribution clinics
D)medically run methadone clinics

Question 17

What branch of pharmacology is concerned with the absorption,distribution,biotransformation,and excretion of drugs?

A)pharmacokinetics
B)pharmacodynamics
C)pharmacotherapy
D)pharmacology

Question 18

Which muscle is a common site for intramuscular drug injection?

A)trapezoid
B)deltoid
C)pectoralis
D)sartorius

Question 19

Which method of drug injection is preferred medically for drugs that are NOT irritating to body tissue?

A)intramuscular
B)intravenous
C)subcutaneous
D)transdermal

Question 20

Which medical intervention is used in an emergency situation to ensure a drug is efficiently and accurately administered?

A)an intramuscular injection when the drug is prepared in an oil solution
B)a transdermal injection when the drug is prepared in a water solution
C)any form of intravenous administration
D)a subcutaneous injection using a lipids-based solution

Question 21

Which of the following is most rapidly absorbed?

A)drugs taken in solid form
B)drugs taken in suspension
C)drugs taken in water solution
D)drugs taken in oily solution

Question 22

What condition can lead to more rapid drug absorption?

A)when there is more blood flow at the site of absorption
B)when the absorbing surface is smaller
C)when drugs are taken in suspension,rather than aqueous solution
D)when drugs are not soluble in lipids

Question 23

Your employer says you will have to take a drug test,and the method to be used is the most common procedure.Which test will it be?

A)saliva test
B)urine test
C)blood test
D)sweat test

Question 24

What happens when a drug is administered transdermally?

A)It is placed under the tongue.
B)It passes through the skin.
C)It is injected into muscle tissue.
D)It is sniffed.

Question 25

Which drug has an affinity for fat?

A)alcohol
B)barbiturates
C)marijuana
D)cocaine

Question 26

Which drug can be detected in the system for up to one month following chronic use?

A)opiates
B)benzodiazepines
C)marijuana
D)cocaine

Question 27

Which term means that the rate at which a drug is metabolized is independent of its concentration in the blood?

A)zero-order kinetics
B)first-order kinetics
C)first-pass metabolization
D)bioavailability

Question 28

Sarah's doctor informs her she will be taking her drug sublingually.Which statement describes how she will take her mediation?

A)She will inject her medication just below the skin surface.
B)She will inhale her medication.
C)She will use eye drops.
D)She will place it under her tongue.

Question 29

Which of the following medications is administered sublingually?

A)lithium
B)nitroglycerin
C)insulin
D)prozac

Question 30

You share with your physician that,if possible,you want to take your medication using the safest,most convenient and economical routes of administration.Which method will your physician suggest?

A)transdermal
B)intramuscular
C)subcutaneous
D)oral

Question 31

All of the following systems receive major portions of a drug rapidly due to a high volume of drug flow EXCEPT which one?

A)muscles
B)heart
C)brain
D)kidney

Question 32

Edward had to take a drug test,and based on the method used it was concluded that he recently used a drug.Which test provided this information?

A)saliva test
B)urine test
C)blood test
D)sweat test

Question 33

Which drug has no set range of elimination because its metabolites are used too efficiently in the body to be measured reliably?

A)marijuana
B)LSD
C)cocaine
D)alcohol

Question 34

What takes place if a drug's distribution will be slower to its sites of action?

A)The drug is more "tightly" bound.
B)The drug has an affinity for muscle tissue.
C)The drug crosses the blood-brain barrier.
D)The drug is soluble in lipids.

Question 35

What filters out toxins from the blood before they reach the brain?

A)the zero-blood order barrier
B)the blood-brain barrier
C)the elimination half-life filter
D)the solubility barrier

Question 36

Which of the following does NOT affect drug distribution?

A)blood flow
B)fat solubility of the drug
C)diffusibility of membranes
D)transdermal action

Question 37

What route of administration is preferable over oral administration for drugs that irritate the stomach and cause vomiting?

A)intravenous
B)intramuscular
C)transdermal
D)sublingual

Question 38

What is the term for the portion of the original drug dose that reaches its site of action or that reaches a fluid in the body that gives the drug access to its site of action?

A)bioavailability
B)effective dose
C)therapeutic index
D)drug potency

Question 39

What is the most important organ for excretion of drugs and their metabolites?

A)liver
B)kidney
C)pancreas
D)intestines

Question 40

What is the primary reason motivating drug testing in Canada?

A)To generate statistics that legitimize the need for needle exchange programs and methadone clinics.
B)To reduce industrial or environmental accidents in the workplace.
C)To eliminate or reduce the spread of infectious diseases.
D)To cut down on crime by forcing drug treatment programs.

Question 41

One advantage of inhaling a drug is that large amounts of the drug can be absorbed in one administration.

Question 42

In a prototypic dose-effect curve,what does the horizontal axis refer to?

A)range of drug doses
B)rebound effects
C)number of drugs
D)effect size

Question 43

According to a 2006 report by Macdonald,Csiernik,Durand,et al. ,it is estimated that 50 percent of Canadian worksites have implemented drug testing programs.

Question 44

What does the pharmacological phrase ED 60 mean?

A)60% of nonhuman lab animals die at this particular dose
B)40% of nonhuman lab animals die at this particular dose
C)60% of the patients who receive a given dose will experience a particular effect
D)40% of the patients who receive a given dose will experience a particular effect

Question 45

Which term refers to the minimum dose of a drug that yields its efficacy?

A)effective dose
B)therapeutic index
C)drug potency
D)placebo

Question 46

The primary reason intravenous drug injection is the preferred route of some drug abusers is because of its effectiveness.

Question 47

Pharmacokinetics is the branch of pharmacology that is concerned with the absorption,distribution,biotransformation,and excretion of drugs.

Question 48

According to a 2006 study by the Public Health Agency of Canada,it is estimated that only 25 percent of Hep-C and 17 percent of HIV carriers were infected by injecting drugs.

Question 49

What reflects the amount of latitude there is in a drug dose before a stronger effect is reached?

A)slope
B)potency
C)effective dose
D)synergism

Question 50

Which statement accurately shows a drug of abuse and the time period when it is detected within the body and eliminated?

A)alcohol;hours to days
B)cocaine;days to months
C)marijuana;weeks to months
D)opiates;hours to days

Question 51

Oral administration is regarded as the most common route and usually the safest and most convenient form of drug administration.

Question 52

Mark drank large quantities of water because he is about to have his weekly drug test.What method is he using to try to alter the results?

A)dilution
B)biotransformation
C)substitution
D)rebound

Question 53

Canada's most common approach to combat the problem of HIV and Hep-C risk is safe injection sites.

Question 54

According to your textbook,testing of which culture helped determine that there were ethnic and cultural differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics?

A)Nigerian
B)Sudanese
C)Chinese
D)Indian

Question 55

The safest of the three methods of injecting drugs is the intravenous method.

Question 56

When a drug is fat soluble,sniffing is a rapid and effective way to absorb it.

Question 57

In a prototypic dose-effect curve,what does the vertical axis refer to?

A)range of drug doses
B)rebound effects
C)number of drugs
D)effect size

Question 58

Snorting,sniffing,and mainlining are terms that all refer to the same drug behaviour.

Question 59

When determining the appropriate drug dose,the first step is to establish the desired dose,expressed in milligrams of the drug per kilogram (mg/kg)of body weight.

Question 60

Which term refers to the situation in which the combined effects of multiple drugs is greater than the sum of the parts?

A)summation
B)potentiation
C)exponentiation
D)antagonism

Question 61

What are the types of drug testing that are included for occupational purposes in the workplace,as outlined in 2002 Canadian Human Rights Commission's Policy on Alcohol and Drug Testing ?

Question 62

Why is awareness of drug interactions important? What is the difference between the qualitative and quantitative drug interaction effects?

Question 63

Describe the processes involved in drug absorption,distribution,and elimination.What major organs are involved in these processes?

Question 64

Recent research that studied the Sudanese indicates that environment does NOT play a role in the pharmacokinetics of drug metabolism.

Question 65

What are the main methods of drug administration? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

Question 66

Sigmoid is an example of a typical dose-effect curve which is represented as an S-shape.

Question 67

Therapeutic index is a term referring to a drug's utility in medical care and is computed as a ratio (LD 50/ED 50).

Question 68

What is a dose-effect curve? How is it used?

Question 69

The effects of alcohol and barbiturates are synergistic and combining the two has led to many accidental deaths.

Question 70

Needle sharing is part of the drug-taking subculture,and viewed as a way addicts feel a sense of group belonging and friendship.

Question 71

The transdermal route of drug administration is an effective one for most drugs.

Question 72

The "first-pass effect" refers to drug metabolism in the liver.

Question 73

Drugs that are more soluble in lipids (fats)are less readily absorbed than other drugs.

Question 74

A drug's half-life is the time it takes for a drug's effects to become half as potent.