Deck 10: Health and Well-Being

Question 1

If people did not possess dopamine neurons,addiction to nicotine would be

A) less likely.
B) more likely.
C) unaffected.
D) strong at first and weak later.

Answer 1

less likely.

Question 2

Which of the following conditions is an effect of chronic smoking?

A) liver failure
B) immune disorders
C) heart disease
D) brain tumors

Answer 2

heart disease

Question 3

After finishing six pieces of toast with butter,Sally prepares a batch of brownies while eating large bowls of ice cream,yogurt,and cottage cheese.She then eats a half a bag of cookies,a full pizza,and three baked potatoes,even though she does not feel hungry.After eating,she feels guilty,ashamed,and sad but does not vomit or make any other efforts to eliminate the calories she consumed.Sally appears to meet criteria for

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) binge-eating disorder.
D) restrictive dieting.

Answer 3

binge-eating disorder.

Question 4

Dr.Arzun is using the biopsychosocial model as a frame of reference for understanding heart disease.Based on this,she will most likely recommend that a client with heart disease uses __________ to treat the illness.

A) medication
B) exercise
C) medication and surgery
D) medication and exercise

Question 5

Approximately how many teenagers who start smoking will continue smoking into adulthood?

A) 10 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 80 percent

Question 6

Jamie has an older brother who smokes.Jamie is

A) less likely to start smoking than other kids.
B) more likely to start smoking than other kids.
C) no more and no less likely to start smoking than other kids.
D) more likely to be a problem drinker, whether or not he smokes.

Question 7

According to the textbook,being encouraged by peers and enhancing one's self-image are reasons why people

A) eat too much.
B) engage in emotional coping.
C) start smoking.
D) develop a Type A personality.

Question 8

Sarah is trying to be the healthiest person she can possibly be and feel satisfied with life.Sarah is focusing on her

A) health psychology.
B) well-being.
C) health empowerment.
D) self-control.

Question 9

Dr.Haverford suggests to her client that her mood problems stem from problems with the neurotransmitter serotonin.Dr.Haverford mentions nothing about social or behavioral factors that may be related to mood.To understand her client's problems,Dr.Haverford seems to be using the

A) interdisciplinary model.
B) behaviorist model.
C) biopsychosocial model.
D) medical model.

Question 10

Research suggests that the average adult smoker,compared with the nonsmoker,

A) is likely to live about a decade less.
B) underestimates the number of people who smoke.
C) did not try cigarettes until college.
D) overestimates the number of health problems he has.

Question 11

If cigarettes contained no nicotine,the brain's dopamine neurons would be

A) overstimulated by smoking.
B) less affected by smoking.
C) inhibited by smoking.
D) easily activated at first but inactive after the first cigarette.

Question 12

A BMI should be calculated before you can accurately conclude that a person is

A) depressed.
B) obese.
C) a smoker.
D) malnourished.

Question 13

Which of the following are major risk factors for heart disease?

A) smoking, medication, and genetics
B) smoking, prior surgeries, and genetics
C) prior surgeries, medication, and genetics
D) lack of exercise, smoking, and obesity

Question 14

LaShawna has no siblings,and her parents do not smoke.Jayda has an older brother and mother who smoke.Who would be more likely to start smoking,and why?

A) LaShawna, because her dopamine neurons are more sensitive to nicotine.
B) LaShawna, because smoking would be a novel and exciting experience.
C) Jayda, because her family members act as role models for smoking.
D) Both girls are equally likely to start smoking.

Question 15

Health psychologists investigate

A) the absence of disease.
B) personal reports of health.
C) theories instead of experimental research.
D) promoting health and well-being.

Question 16

Aline is sitting in a physician's office and has just been told that a nurse will be coming in to measure her BMI.Aline is not familiar with the term "BMI" and starts to panic.How should her mother reassure her about BMI tests?

A) "Do not worry; all they need is a urine test."
B) "BMI needles are very small and do not hurt at all."
C) "Do not be afraid, they just need to listen to your lungs."
D) "Relax, they are just going to measure your height and weight."

Question 17

Compared with the medical model of health,the biopsychosocial model approach to health and well-being

A) includes more variables.
B) ignores human biology.
C) is rarely used in practice.
D) does not focus on illness.

Question 18

Thoughts and behaviors affect the environment.The environment affects human biology.In turn,biology affects behavior.This description fits the

A) medical model.
B) social model.
C) behaviorist model.
D) biopsychosocial model.

Question 19

Evidence suggests that some individuals are more prone to become regular smokers than are others.One factor involves

A) a greater tendency to have acetylcholine pathways in the brain.
B) a cascade of HPA activation.
C) parents and peers who smoke.
D) the absence of antidrug programs in school.

Question 20

Health psychologists investigate how genetics,behaviors,and social support impact health.This approach of focusing on multiple areas to understand health and well-being is central to the __________ model.

A) medical
B) biopsychosocial
C) healthy habits
D) interactive model

Question 21

Dieting as a method of controlling weight has proved ineffective in part because

A) weight gain occurs more rapidly after each episode of dieting is terminated.
B) the diet causes metabolism to increase such that the body becomes highly efficient in using the calories that are available.
C) the body lacks a set point for regulating weight.
D) most people have a set point that is set too high.

Question 22

Claude Bouchard conducted research on the effects of overfeeding on weight gain and found that identical twins have similar weights regardless of whether they are raised together or apart.This study provides evidence for the idea that

A) environment plays an important role in weight gain.
B) being an identical twin is stressful and therefore likely to cause weight gain.
C) weight gain is inevitable for most people if they overeat.
D) genes play an important role in weight gain.

Question 23

John comes from a family in which everyone is overweight,even though people in the family appear to eat only moderate amounts of food.These circumstances are consistent with research showing that

A) food habits are primarily influenced by family attitudes.
B) the environment is more important than our genes in determining eating behavior.
C) genes play an important role in who becomes overweight.
D) food habits are determined by what foods are presented to us.

Question 24

A study described in your textbook showed that when normal people are malnourished for a prolonged period of time,they

A) gain 100 or more pounds when they go back to normal eating.
B) permanently stay thin and find it hard to gain back the weight they lost.
C) become obsessed with food, much like people with eating disorders.
D) report more positive emotions because of the positive social feedback they receive.

Question 25

Evidence that humans have a set point for weight is reflected in the fact that

A) when prisoners were fed large amounts of food, they gained less weight than they should have and returned to their normal weight when they resumed a regular diet.
B) when people diet frequently, they wind up gaining more weight than those who do not.
C) studies of semistarvation have shown that long-term reduction in food intake causes people to lose interest in food and eating.
D) as less food is consumed, the body's ability to use the energy contained in the food is reduced.

Question 26

Which of the following is true about being very overweight? Being overweight is

A) primarily linked to personality.
B) a major health problem in contemporary society.
C) primarily a result of overeating.
D) primarily a result of genetic factors.

Question 27

Research in different cultural contexts reveals that obesity is

A) stigmatized in some of them and respected in others.
B) universally rejected and devalued.
C) associated with lower economic status, particularly in developing countries.
D) positively associated with social status in most cultures.

Question 28

A stressor is any event or stimulus that

A) threatens an organism and elicits a coping response.
B) cannot be coped with.
C) cannot be coped with in the short term.
D) by definition has negative consequences for the organism.

Question 29

For which of the following groups would an eating disorder,such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa,be most typical?

A) teenage African American girls
B) race and class are not important risk factors for these conditions
C) teenage Asian women
D) college-age white women

Question 30

Exercise increases the productivity and growth of

A) reproductive hormones.
B) gland tissue.
C) hair follicles.
D) neurons.

Question 31

You experience a large disruption that threatens a central part of your life and is very difficult to deal with.Most likely,soon you will experience body changes,thoughts,and actions associated with the psychological process of

A) a major life stressor.
B) a daily hassle.
C) stress responses.
D) stress.

Question 32

Which of the following statements is true about dieting behavior?

A) Dieting is largely successful in dealing with weight problems if it can be maintained for long periods of time.
B) Dieting is typically counterproductive for long-term weight loss.
C) Dieting often works for males but is less effective for females.
D) Dieting is on the decline in developed countries.

Question 33

If people in other countries become more like Americans in their eating and exercise habits,one day those countries' obesity rates will be close to __________ percent.

A) 10
B) 30
C) 50
D) 70

Question 34

Your sister has been quite thin ever since the eighth grade,but expresses a great fear of becoming fat and is always looking for ways to lose more weight.Based on this,she is most likely experiencing

A) a high body mass index.
B) the absence of a set point for weight control.
C) anorexia nervosa.
D) bulimia nervosa.

Question 35

Kristine is experiencing some depression and memory problems.To reduce both of these,Kristin's doctor is most likely to recommend

A) meditation.
B) getting exercise.
C) using her social support network.
D) increasing her self-esteem.

Question 36

People who are overweight sometimes experience terrible social stigma.In what area of the world would social stigma about being overweight be less severe or even absent?

A) some countries in Western Europe
B) some countries in Africa
C) the United States
D) any country where food is abundant

Question 37

Milo is training for an international chess competition and thinks that if he "increases his brain volume" he will do better in the competition.Which of the following actions should Milo take to increase his brain volume?

A) reduce the number of hours he watches television
B) go on a vegetarian diet
C) pray
D) exercise

Question 38

The body mass index (BMI)of an adopted child will show __________ to the BMI of the adoptive parents and __________ to the BMI of the biological parents.

A) similarity; similarity
B) similarity; dissimilarity
C) dissimilarity; similarity
D) dissimilarity; dissimilarity

Question 39

Dora is a moderately obese woman with a full figure.However,Dora is NOT confronted with social stigma about being overweight.On the contrary,she is often complemented on how attractive she is.Dora

A) is probably a hardy person.
B) will experience a lack of congruent self-concept.
C) will nevertheless experience some negative psychological symptoms that are caused by her weight.
D) probably lives in a developing country.

Question 40

One difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa involves

A) the degree of psychological disturbance present.
B) whether periods of dieting occur.
C) the amount of food that is typically consumed.
D) the race and class of the people who engage in each.

Question 41

Melinda just got a new job as a receptionist,and she does not expect it to be very stressful.However,she is nervous about learning how to perform well in the job when she first starts working.The stress Melinda is facing is __________ and may result in __________ immune function.

A) long term; worse
B) long term; better
C) short term; worse
D) short term; better

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT an example of a daily hassle?

A) a long line at the grocery store
B) the birth of a new baby
C) a traffic jam
D) forgetting to take out the trash

Question 43

According to general adaptation syndrome (GAS),what occurs at the first,or most immediate,level of stress response? The body

A) uses all defenses to fight the stress.
B) becomes exhausted.
C) prepares itself through an emergency response.
D) shuts down most organs.

Question 44

Which of the following would describe the tend-and-befriend response of a person experiencing great stress from his job?

A) Luigi is worn out and is not sure if he can continue at his job.
B) Bruce constantly complains to his family about his mean boss.
C) Joseph strikes his boss in the face after she threated to fire him.
D) Manny tries to form strong relationships with the new workers.

Question 45

During final exams,Danielle's body always seems to enable her to succeed at her fullest.She seems to have a lot of energy,gets by on little sleep,and never gets sick.However,she always seems to get a cold a week or so after her finals have ended.According to general adaptation syndrome (GAS),at what stage does Danielle operate during final exams?

A) alarm
B) resistance
C) exhaustion
D) major stressor

Question 46

Assume that a negative event has occurred in your life.Which of the following conditions would make this event the most stressful?

A) It occurred just after a positive event.
B) It was just like an event you had experienced a year earlier.
C) It was unexpected.
D) You are female, not male.

Question 47

Under stress,females are likely to show the __________,whereas males are more likely to show the __________.

A) tend-and-befriend response; alarm stage
B) general adaptation syndrome; alarm stage
C) tend-and-befriend response; fight-or-flight response
D) general adaptation syndrome; fight-or-flight response

Question 48

When people are going into military combat,adjusting to a new marriage,or thinking about an upcoming important exam they are experiencing

A) well-being.
B) the tend-and-befriend response.
C) daily hassles.
D) major life stressor.

Question 49

Research on the fight-or-flight response has been criticized by Taylor and others for

A) focusing primarily on the stress responses of males.
B) neglecting the possibility that stress can also inhibit or prevent behavioral responses.
C) focusing on humans and neglecting other animal species.
D) placing too much emphasis on the role of hormones in mediating stress responses.

Question 50

When men and women are placed under similar levels of stress,

A) both appear equally motivated to seek out social support.
B) women are more likely than men to seek out social support.
C) men are more likely to seek social support than women are.
D) women are more likely to seek out social support but men are more likely to actually receive it.

Question 51

The leading cause of death in the United States is

A) cancer.
B) suicide.
C) AIDS.
D) heart disease.

Question 52

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)proposes three levels of stress resistance.Which of the following lists the correct order of stages?

A) alarm-exhaustion-resistance
B) exhaustion-alarm-resistance
C) resistance-exhaustion-alarm
D) alarm-resistance-exhaustion

Question 53

Farhan has had to deal with a lot of stress.His parents both have chronic diseases,he and his wife argue constantly,and his new job demands a lot of his time.According to research on the effects of stress,Farhan will most likely

A) get divorced in the next year.
B) develop a Type A personality.
C) develop a serious mental illness, such as schizophrenia.
D) show a decreased immune response to infectious diseases.

Question 54

Psychologists have emphasized that people experience the fight-or-flight response more than the tend-and-befriend response because

A) the former has greater adaptive value.
B) the research has largely been done with males.
C) research supports the former but not the latter.
D) avoidance responses are more important to survival than approach responses are.

Question 55

June feels that she has too many projects due at work and too many people demanding her time.She knows she cannot keep up with all of the demands.Because of this,June is most likely experiencing

A) stress.
B) daily hassles.
C) the exhaustion stage.
D) poor coping.

Question 56

The fight-or-flight response helps people cope with

A) danger.
B) overeating.
C) exhaustion.
D) overstimulation.

Question 57

Anna felt that she could not succeed at her final exam,and thinking about the final exam made her feel physically ill.For Anna,the final exam is most likely a(n):

A) major life stressor.
B) daily hassle.
C) immune response.
D) stressor.

Question 58

People who live in Orlando,Florida recently experienced flooding of their homes and hail damage during a particularly bad storm.People in Miami did not experience this storm.Which group of people will have better immune functioning,and why?

A) People in Miami will have better immune functioning because they used better coping.
B) People in Miami will have better immune functioning because they did not experience stressors.
C) People in Orlando will have better immune functioning because they are working to overcome a daily life hassle.
D) People in both towns will experience similar immune functioning because immune functioning is largely due to genetics, not environmental events.

Question 59

Recently,Arianna and Raymond had their first child.They are experiencing difficulty dealing with the lack of sleep and demands of the new baby.The kind of stress Arianna and Raymond are experiencing is called

A) general adaptation syndrome.
B) a daily hassle.
C) mediating factors.
D) major life stressor.

Question 60

Events that are particularly stressful for humans are those that are

A) boring and predictable.
B) catastrophic and uncontrollable.
C) repetitive.
D) a result of our own actions.

Question 61

Lazarus divides the cognitive appraisal process into two parts: primary and secondary.Primary appraisals involve

A) deciding whether an event is stressful or irrelevant to you.
B) evaluating your response options.
C) selecting a coping behavior.
D) deciding whether a coping behavior was successful.

Question 62

Two ways that hostility can affect the body are through stress on the heart and

A) increased pulmonary function.
B) reduced pulmonary function.
C) decreased inflammation.
D) increased serotonin activity.

Question 63

In a well-known study of California men,being hostile and impatient was found to be related to __________,which shows that __________.

A) heart disease; genes control the development of disease
B) immune functioning; stress is a function of lifestyle
C) heart disease; psychological factors are important in disease development
D) hormonal dysfunction; gender will have an effect on disease development

Question 64

In Lazarus's two-part cognitive appraisal process,secondary appraisals involve

A) interpreting the sensory input.
B) deciding whether a situation is stressful or not.
C) evaluating our response options and choosing coping behaviors.
D) hiding our emotions.

Question 65

The more negative emotions someone experiences,the greater the chance of developing

A) antibodies.
B) cavities.
C) heart disease.
D) glandular cancer.

Question 66

Which one of the following is NOT an example of emotion-focused coping?

A) avoidance of stressor
B) minimizing the problem
C) distancing oneself from the outcome
D) creating alternative solutions

Question 67

A general conclusion stemming from the research on health and stress is that

A) short-term stress is more dangerous to your health than chronic stress.
B) until recently, psychologists have overemphasized the effects of stress on health.
C) the source of stress is more important to health outcomes than the level of stress.
D) chronic stress has adverse effects on health.

Question 68

Jane owns a consulting firm and has three employees.Which person should Jane recommend for a job that demands good people skills?

A) a person with a Type A behavior pattern because she will be highly extroverted
B) a person with a Type B behavior pattern because she will be accommodating and relaxed
C) an emotion-focused person because she will be highly motivated to help others
D) a "mixed-personality type" person because she will be the most flexible

Question 69

Which of the following people is most likely to develop coronary heart disease at some point in his life?

A) John, a counseling psychologist who is laid-back and enjoys his job
B) Erik, a CEO of a Fortune 500 company who takes frequent vacations
C) Louis, a competitive poker play who is aggressive, impatient, and competitive
D) Jarrod, an elementary school teacher who readily accommodates his coworkers and is easygoing

Question 70

People who commonly feel hostile and impatient are at increased risk to develop

A) major depressive disorder.
B) heart disease.
C) an immune disorder.
D) an eating disorder.

Question 71

Seeing someone who is red in the face and "ready to explode" with anger might indicate that the person

A) has a Type A personality.
B) has a Type B personality.
C) has hardiness.
D) is using emotion-focused coping.

Question 72

Recent research on predictors of heart disease suggests that people who are __________ are particularly vulnerable to cardiac problems.

A) angry or depressed
B) time-pressed and shy
C) low in self-esteem
D) low in cortisol production

Question 73

Emotional coping strategies

A) generally work better over the short term than over the long term.
B) are usually better than problem-focused strategies in various situations.
C) work best in the face of a controllable stressor.
D) are counterproductive in most situations.

Question 74

Being hostile or depressed has been found to

A) predict greater risk for heart disease.
B) cause autoimmune disorders.
C) stop the general adaptation syndrome from occurring.
D) increase hormone production.

Question 75

Your roommate is achievement oriented,impatient,aggressive,and time-pressed.Your roommate's behavior fits the

A) Type A behavior pattern.
B) Type B behavior pattern.
C) hardiness pattern.
D) emotion-focused coping pattern.

Question 76

Harold has been unemployed for many years and is constantly struggling to pay his bills.The stress Harold is experiencing is an example of

A) a major life stressor.
B) a daily hassle.
C) chronic stress.
D) acute stress.

Question 77

Your roommate is hostile,very competitive,and pessimistic.On the basis of recent research,which of the following health problems is your roommate most likely to experience later in life?

A) cardiovascular disease
B) immune system failures
C) chronic infections
D) cancer

Question 78

The Type B behavior pattern describes a person who is

A) competitive and time-pressed.
B) easygoing and accommodating.
C) cynical and pessimistic.
D) at high risk for cardiovascular disease.

Question 79

Smoking,high cholesterol,high blood pressure,and __________ strongly predict heart disease.

A) Type A behavior
B) Type B behavior
C) emotion-focused coping
D) problem-focused coping

Question 80

Problem-focused coping involves

A) looking at the "bright side" of a situation.
B) controlling emotional expressions.
C) taking direct steps to confront a stressor.
D) focusing on problems until they appear less stressful.