Question 1

If people did not possess dopamine neurons,addiction to nicotine would be

Accepted Answer

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is involved in the brain's reward system, which plays a critical role in addiction. Nicotine, like many addictive substances, triggers the release of dopamine in the brain, creating pleasurable sensations and reinforcing drug-seeking behavior. Therefore, if people did not possess dopamine neurons, they would not be able to experience the same rewarding effects of nicotine, making addiction less likely.

Question 2

Which of the following conditions is an effect of chronic smoking?

Accepted Answer

Chronic smoking is a significant risk factor for heart disease because it damages the lining of blood vessels, leading to the development of atherosclerosis (build-up of plaque in the arteries) and increasing the risk for heart attacks and strokes. Smoking is also associated with an increased risk of lung cancer and respiratory diseases, but these are not listed as answer choices. Liver failure, immune disorders, and brain tumors are not commonly attributed to chronic smoking.

Question 3

After finishing six pieces of toast with butter,Sally prepares a batch of brownies while eating large bowls of ice cream,yogurt,and cottage cheese.She then eats a half a bag of cookies,a full pizza,and three baked potatoes,even though she does not feel hungry.After eating,she feels guilty,ashamed,and sad but does not vomit or make any other efforts to eliminate the calories she consumed.Sally appears to meet criteria for

Accepted Answer

Sally's behavior matches the criteria for binge-eating disorder, as she consumed an amount of food that is significantly larger than what most people would eat under similar circumstances, and experienced feelings of guilt, shame, or sadness afterwards. She also did not engage in compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, which is typically seen in cases of bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa and restrictive dieting involve significant limitations in food intake, while Sally's behavior involved consuming a large amount of food.

Question 4

Dr.Arzun is using the biopsychosocial model as a frame of reference for understanding heart disease.Based on this,she will most likely recommend that a client with heart disease uses __________ to treat the illness.

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial model considers not only the biological factors but also the psychological and social factors that can affect an individual's health. Exercise is a key factor in managing heart disease and can improve both physical and psychological well-being. Medication may also be necessary to manage symptoms and prevent further progression of the disease. Surgery may be considered in severe cases, but it is not always necessary or appropriate for every individual with heart disease. Therefore, the best option is likely a combination of medication and exercise to address both the biological and psychological components of heart disease management.

Question 5

Approximately how many teenagers who start smoking will continue smoking into adulthood?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Approximately how many teenagers who start smoking...

Question 6

Jamie has an older brother who smokes.Jamie is

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jamie has an older brother who smokes.Jamie...

Question 7

According to the textbook,being encouraged by peers and enhancing one's self-image are reasons why people

Accepted Answer

Starting smoking is often influenced by peer pressure and the desire to enhance one's self-image, especially among adolescents and young adults. Peers can significantly impact an individual's behavior, and smoking is sometimes seen as a way to fit in or appear more mature or attractive.

Question 8

Sarah is trying to be the healthiest person she can possibly be and feel satisfied with life.Sarah is focusing on her

Accepted Answer

Sarah's focus on feeling satisfied with life indicates that she is aiming for overall well-being, which includes physical, emotional, and social health. Health psychology focuses on how psychological factors influence physical health, but Sarah's goal is broader than just physical health. Health empowerment typically refers to giving individuals more control over their own health decisions, but it is not clear whether this is a specific focus for Sarah. Self-control may be a component of Sarah's strategy, but it is not comprehensive enough to capture her overall goal of well-being.

Question 9

Dr.Haverford suggests to her client that her mood problems stem from problems with the neurotransmitter serotonin.Dr.Haverford mentions nothing about social or behavioral factors that may be related to mood.To understand her client's problems,Dr.Haverford seems to be using the

Accepted Answer

Dr.Haverford's focus solely on the biological aspect of the client's mood problems suggests the use of the medical model, which focuses on diagnosing and treating illnesses based purely on biological factors. The other options (interdisciplinary, behaviorist, and biopsychosocial) take into account the influence of social, psychological, and behavioral factors on mental health.

Question 10

Research suggests that the average adult smoker,compared with the nonsmoker,

Accepted Answer

Research shows that smoking can reduce life expectancy by about a decade compared to nonsmokers.

Question 11

If cigarettes contained no nicotine,the brain's dopamine neurons would be

Accepted Answer

Nicotine is the primary addictive substance in cigarettes, as it binds to dopamine receptors in the brain and triggers the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward. Without nicotine, the brain's dopamine neurons would be less affected by smoking, as there would be no substance present to trigger their activity.

Question 12

A BMI should be calculated before you can accurately conclude that a person is

Accepted Answer

BMI stands for Body Mass Index and is a measure of body fat based on height and weight. It can help determine if a person is overweight or obese, but it cannot accurately indicate if they are depressed, a smoker, or malnourished.

Question 13

Which of the following are major risk factors for heart disease?

Accepted Answer

Lack of exercise, smoking, and obesity are all major risk factors for heart disease, whereas medication and prior surgeries may be relevant in certain cases but are not universal risk factors. Genetics may play a role, but it is not a behavioral factor that can be modified or controlled to reduce the risk of heart disease.

Question 14

LaShawna has no siblings,and her parents do not smoke.Jayda has an older brother and mother who smoke.Who would be more likely to start smoking,and why?

Accepted Answer

Family members who smoke can act as a significant influence on the decision to start smoking. This is because children often mimic the behavior of their parents and siblings. LaShawna, who does not have anyone in her immediate family who smokes, is less likely to start smoking based on familial influence alone. The other options, such as dopamine sensitivity or excitement about a novel experience, may play a role in smoking initiation, but they are not as influential as the behavior of family members.

Question 15

Health psychologists investigate

Accepted Answer

Health psychologists focus on promoting health and well-being through research and interventions, rather than just studying the absence of disease or relying solely on personal reports of health. They use experimental research to test theories and develop evidence-based strategies for improving physical and mental health.

Question 16

Aline is sitting in a physician's office and has just been told that a nurse will be coming in to measure her BMI.Aline is not familiar with the term "BMI" and starts to panic.How should her mother reassure her about BMI tests?

Accepted Answer

The best choice is D, "Relax, they are just going to measure your height and weight." This is because BMI is calculated using a person's height and weight. It does not involve needles or any other invasive procedure, just simple measurements.

Question 17

Compared with the medical model of health,the biopsychosocial model approach to health and well-being

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial model approach to health and well-being includes a wider range of variables than the purely medical model, including psychological and social factors. This makes it a more holistic and comprehensive approach to understanding health.

Question 18

Thoughts and behaviors affect the environment.The environment affects human biology.In turn,biology affects behavior.This description fits the

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial model takes into account the interplay between biology, psychology, and social factors in influencing behavior and health outcomes. The statement given suggests a reciprocal relationship between these factors, which is a key tenet of the biopsychosocial model. The medical model tends to focus only on biological factors, the social model on social factors, and the behaviorist model on observable behavior, so they are not the best fit for this description.

Question 19

Evidence suggests that some individuals are more prone to become regular smokers than are others.One factor involves

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that having parents and peers who smoke increases the likelihood of an individual becoming a regular smoker. This is because exposure to smoking behavior normalizes it and makes it appear more acceptable and attractive to the individual.

Question 20

Health psychologists investigate how genetics,behaviors,and social support impact health.This approach of focusing on multiple areas to understand health and well-being is central to the __________ model.

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial model is a holistic approach to understanding health and well-being that takes into account multiple factors, including biological, psychological, and social factors. Health psychologists often use this model to investigate how genetics, behaviors, and social support impact health. The medical model focuses primarily on biological factors, the healthy habits model focuses primarily on individual behaviors, and the interactive model is not a commonly used term in this context.

Quiz 10: Health and Well-Being