Question 1

In memory,the storage phase of information processing lasts

Accepted Answer

The storage phase of information processing can last variable amounts of time depending on factors such as the complexity and personal significance of the information, as well as the individual's level of attention and cognitive processing. Some information may be stored for just a fraction of a second, while other information can be stored for several minutes or even longer.

Question 2

Every day Manuel buys coffee from the same woman on the way to work.Even though he always sees her,when a friend asks he cannot remember what color her hair is.Manual most likely experienced a problem in the __________ process of memory.

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

Kumar is trying to remember the name of his psychology professor from last semester.To answer this question,Kumar must search for information in his

Accepted Answer

Long-term storage is where memories are stored for an extended period of time. Kumar's psychology professor from last semester is not information that would typically be stored in sensory storage or short-term memory. It is more likely to be stored in long-term memory since it is information that he learned and may need to recall later.

Question 4

You just taught your dog to roll over whenever you say "Play dead!" If the dog forms a memory about how to do this trick on command it will be because its brain

Accepted Answer

The dog's brain would have acquired and retained the information about how to perform the trick on command, linking the command "Play dead!" with the action of rolling over. This would involve creating connections between neurons in the brain and strengthening those connections through repetition and reinforcement. The auditory information about the command and the physical memory of how to twist the body would be part of the information encoded and stored in the brain as part of the overall memory of the trick. However, the primary reason for the dog's ability to perform the trick on command is because its brain has acquired and retained the information about the connection between the command and the action.

Question 5

While driving home,the car in front of you starts driving dangerously,so you concentrate on watching it.When you arrive home,you realize that you cannot remember anything from your drive home other than that car.Your memory is most likely due to the fact that we do not remember information that

Accepted Answer

The scenario suggests that the driver was concentrating on watching the car in front of them, indicating they were paying attention to it. This means their memory loss is likely because they did not pay attention to other information from their drive home, such as landmarks or turns in the road. Option D, "we do not pay attention to," is the most likely reason for their memory loss.

Question 6

To remember her nine-digit social security number,Alyssa uses her working memory to place the numbers into three groups.In addition,each group of three or four digits is easy to remember because it is meaningful.Alyssa has made her social security number easier to remember by using

Accepted Answer

Alyssa is using chunking as a memory strategy, which involves organizing information into smaller, meaningful groups. This strategy helps to increase working memory capacity and makes the information easier to remember. Retrieval cues are prompts or stimuli that help to trigger the retrieval of information from memory, but they are not being used in this case. The primacy effect refers to the tendency to remember items at the beginning of a list better than items in the middle or end, which is not relevant to this scenario. Maintenance rehearsal involves repeating information over and over to maintain it in short-term memory, which is not what Alyssa is doing by grouping her social security number into meaningful chunks.

Question 7

Yelinda is talking to a salesman in a store when she steps away to answer her cell phone.When Yelinda turns back to the salesman,she fails to notice that the salesman she had originally been speaking to has been replaced by a different salesman.Yelinda's failure to notice that the salesman has changed is best explained by

Accepted Answer

Yelinda's failure to notice the change in the salesman is due to change blindness, which is the inability to detect changes in something when one is not paying close attention.

Question 8

After reading your textbook,you are able to maintain the bold,key words in coded representations in a network of neurons in your brain.In memory,this process is called

Accepted Answer

The answer of After reading your textbook,you are able to...

Question 9

Liora is reading her textbook.As her eyes scan the page,each visual image is retained for less than a second in her

Accepted Answer

Sensory storage is the type of memory that retains visual information for a brief period of time, usually less than a second. This storage helps us perceive and process incoming sensory information.

Question 10

In an experiment,you are asked to memorize a list of 30 words.At first,this seems like a challenging task.Then you remember that you can hold more words in short-term storage if you

Accepted Answer

Grouping words together in meaningful ways, such as by category or association, is a well-documented strategy for improving short-term memory. This technique involves using elaborative rehearsal, which helps to transfer information from short-term memory to long-term memory. Expanding the capacity of sensory storage, recalling the list later, or avoiding attention processes are not effective ways to improve short-term memory in this context.

Question 11

Memory is an imperfect record of everything we see and experience primarily because our

Accepted Answer

Our ability to direct attention is limited and we cannot possibly pay attention to every detail of every experience we have. This means that some information may not be encoded into our memory at all, resulting in an incomplete record.

Question 12

The three phases of memory include (1)changing external information into a neural code,(2)retaining the information,and (3)accessing it later on.In this order,these three memory steps are

Accepted Answer

The three phases of memory are encoding (changing external information into a neural code), storage (retaining the information), and retrieval (accessing it later on). These three phases occur in the order of input, storage, and retrieval, which are represented by encoding, storage, and retrieval. Therefore, the best choice is B, which correctly identifies the three phases as encoding, storage, and retrieval.

Question 13

Professor Smith refuses to learn his students' names because he believes the names will take up space in his memory that he needs to store research-related information.Professor Smith's belief about his memory is incorrect because

Accepted Answer

Long-term storage has an unlimited capacity, so Professor Smith's belief that names will take up space in his memory is incorrect. Research-related information is stored in semantic memory and working memory allows him to continually maintain both sets of information. However, it is also true that the students' names are initially maintained in short-term storage.

Question 14

Marianna takes the bus to school every day.One morning,a different bus is used on her route.Marianna does not notice the switch,even though her usual bus is blue and the new bus is red.Marianna most likely did not notice the different bus due to

Accepted Answer

Marianna most likely did not notice the different bus due to change blindness, which is the phenomenon where people fail to notice significant changes in their surroundings, especially if they are not actively looking for them. This could be because Marianna's attention was focused on something else or she was simply not expecting a change in the appearance of her usual bus.

Question 15

Chris is looking for his friend in a crowd of people at a concert.As he scans the crowd,he often blinks but still retains a brief visual image of many of faces in the crowd for a very brief time.Chris is able to maintain this visual information due to the function of his

Accepted Answer

Sensory storage, also known as sensory memory, is a brief memory storage system that holds onto sensory information for a very short period of time (a few seconds at most). This allows us to retain brief sensory input long enough to process it into something meaningful. In this scenario, when Chris blinks, he retains a brief visual image of the faces in the crowd due to the function of his sensory storage. Short-term storage and working memory refer to slightly longer-term memory systems that allow for the conscious manipulation of information, whereas long-term storage refers to memories that are stored over an extended period of time.

Question 16

Filter theory helps explain all of the following memory phenomena EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Filter theory primarily explains how we selectively attend to important information and ignore irrelevant stimuli. It does not explain why we might process personally irrelevant information, as this would contradict the theory's main premise of filtering out unimportant data.

Question 17

You are paying close attention to the basketball game on the TV.Suddenly,you are distracted by your roommate talking to someone on the phone about the upcoming psychology exam in the class you both take.This conversation most likely captured your attention because it

Accepted Answer

The conversation about the psychology exam is most likely personally important to the person paying attention because they are also in the same class and likely have the same exam coming up. This personal connection is likely to be more attention-grabbing than the basketball game, which may not be personally relevant to them.

Question 18

Short-term storage has a(n)

Accepted Answer

Short-term storage, also known as working memory, has a limited capacity. This means that it can only hold a certain amount of information for a short amount of time before it is either forgotten or transferred to long-term memory.

Question 19

Lisa is driving to school when she sees a yellow traffic light ahead of her.According to the three-part memory storage system,Lisa will first maintain information about the yellow light in her

Accepted Answer

The sensory memory is responsible for receiving and briefly storing sensory information. In this case, Lisa is receiving visual information about the yellow light, making sensory storage the most appropriate answer.

Question 20

When you are reading your textbook,your brain changes the words you are reading into a meaningful neural code that it can use.In memory,this process is called

Accepted Answer

The process described in the question, where the brain changes the words you are reading into a meaningful neural code, is called encoding. Encoding is the initial process of transforming information and experiences into a memory representation that can be stored for later use. Storage refers to the process of maintaining or keeping the encoded information in memory, retrieval refers to the process of accessing or bringing stored information back into conscious awareness, and attention is the process of selecting and focusing on certain incoming sensory information. While all of these processes are important for creating and maintaining memories, encoding is the most relevant process described in the question.

Quiz 7: Memory