Deck 4: Decision Support and Artificial Intelligence

Question 1

Which type of information is not found in a DSS?

A) Organizational information
B) Confidence levels
C) External information
D) Personal information

Answer 1

B

Question 2

There are four main types of decisions. Which one occurs on a regular basis?

A) Ad hoc
B) Recurring
C) Structured
D) Defined

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In what decision making phase do you implement solutions and monitor and adjust the environment based on the consequences of these solutions?

A) Choice
B) Execution
C) Implementation
D) Maintenance

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which DSS component stores and maintains the information you want your DSS to use?

A) Query management
B) Data administration
C) Model management
D) Data management

Question 5

A decision support system (DSS) typically has three components. Which of the following is not one of these components?

A) Model management
B) Query management
C) Data management
D) User interface management

Question 6

When you make a choice that may not necessarily be the best choice but it meets your needs, you're making a(n) _____ choice.

A) Satisficing
B) Compromising
C) Suitable
D) Strategic

Question 7

What is the purpose of a decision support system?

A) To relieve you of making structured, recurring decisions
B) To assist you with making decisions
C) To mine data warehouses and locate needed information so that you can make a decision
D) To help diagnose problems in your organization and, possibly, your environment

Question 8

What type of information system is built to support decisions based on problems that are not structured?

A) Database management systems
B) Operational systems
C) Decision support systems
D) Statistical information systems

Question 9

Which of the four types of decisions occur sporadically, perhaps only once?

A) Structured
B) Nonrecurring or ad hoc
C) Nonstructured
D) Impromptu

Question 10

If you were making a decision involving "fuzzy logic" what type of decision would you be making?

A) Nonstructured
B) Ad hoc
C) Controlled
D) Muddled

Question 11

If you were to take facts about your business, mix them with historical information, and then create a computer simulation to help you understand future events, you would be creating ____.

A) A database
B) Artificial intelligence
C) A model
D) Facsimiles

Question 12

Which DSS component allows you to communicate with the DSS?

A) Query management
B) User interface management
C) Data administration
D) Data management

Question 13

In what decision making phase do you examine and weigh the merits of solutions, estimate the consequence of each, and choose the best solution?

A) Design
B) Choice
C) Intelligence
D) Preliminary or investigative

Question 14

Which DSS component consists of both the DSS models and the DSS model management system?

A) Query management
B) Data management
C) Data administration
D) Model management

Question 15

If you were "tweaking" your technology solution so that it worked more efficiently than its original form, what decision making phase would you be in?

A) Implementation
B) Maintenance
C) Choice
D) Continuation

Question 16

If you were to identify and investigate a problem in your organization, what decision making phase would you be in?

A) Design
B) Preliminary or investigative
C) Intelligence
D) Planning

Question 17

There are four main types of decisions. Which one represents decisions that always have a right answer?

A) Recurring
B) Ad hoc
C) Defined
D) Structured

Question 18

In business and in life, where do most decisions fit into?

A) Recurring but fuzzy
B) Ad hoc
C) Between structured and unstructured
D) Muddled

Question 19

In what decision making phase do you recognize a problem, need, or opportunity?

A) Predication and decision
B) Choice
C) Preliminary or investigative
D) Intelligence

Question 20

In what decision making phase do you consider possible ways of solving problems, filling needs, or capitalizing on opportunities?

A) Design
B) Intelligence
C) Choice
D) Prediction and decision

Question 21

What is a mashup?

A) A collision of information that causes information systems to freeze
B) A design mockup that demonstrates the interaction of different information systems
C) A combination of information and applications originating from different sources being displayed on one computer screen
D) A representation of some event, fact, or situation that displays business relationships

Question 22

If you were using your PDA and it was analyzing and reacting to a word you wrote on the pad, what type of system would you be using?

A) Handwriting analysis
B) Neural network
C) Expert system
D) Knowledge management

Question 23

If you needed to analyze the bear population in British Columbia and their interactions with humans located in towns and cities, what type of computer application should you use?

A) Model management
B) Expert system
C) Geographic information system
D) Multidimensional information system

Question 24

Which type of information system is well known for allowing you to view information spatially?

A) Expert system
B) Decision support system
C) Neural network system
D) Geographic information system

Question 25

Which of the following is the science of making machines imitate human thinking and behavior?

A) Database management
B) Artificial intelligence
C) Machine intelligence
D) Swarm management

Question 26

Which of the following is an artificial intelligence system that applies reasoning capabilities to reach a conclusion?

A) Database management
B) Geographic information systems
C) Domain analysis information system
D) Expert system

Question 27

Which type of system can learn by example and adapt to new concepts and knowledge?

A) Geographic information systems
B) Decision support systems
C) Neural networks
D) Expert systems

Question 28

What type of system is known for finding and differentiating patterns?

A) Geographic information systems
B) Expert systems
C) Neural networks
D) Decision support systems

Question 29

Law enforcement agencies that use computer applications to plan and deploy its police force probably use _____ systems.

A) Biomimicry
B) Database management systems
C) Crossover intelligent
D) Geographic information

Question 30

Which of the following is not considered a type of artificial intelligence?

A) Expert systems
B) Neural networks
C) Geographic information systems
D) Genetic algorithms

Question 31

What type of system is often referred to as a predictive system because it sees patterns in vast amounts of information?

A) Decision support system
B) Neural network
C) Geographic information system
D) Knowledge management system

Question 32

What is the difference between a decision support system (DSS) and an expert system (ES)?

A) A DSS supports the novice users; an ES supports the analyst or expert
B) The DSS requires considerable knowledge from the user; the ES provides considerable knowledge to the user
C) The ES requires considerable storage space for the needed information; the DSS does not
D) The DSS requires rules or domain knowledge; the ESS requires business models

Question 33

What can't an expert system do?

A) Learn from previous experiences the way humans can
B) Provide new information
C) Provide consistency in decision making
D) Reduce errors

Question 34

If you were to shop regularly at a clothing store and this store provided you with regular discounts on clothes because it recognized you as a valuable customer, this store would be employing what type of software?

A) Expert systems
B) Neural network
C) Geographic information system
D) Database management system

Question 35

What is the term used when businesses employ GIS software to generate maps showing information of interest to them?

A) Business geography
B) Topography
C) Business mapping
D) Spatial analysis

Question 36

What must you have before you can effectively use a DSS?

A) Fast and ample bandwidth
B) Considerable knowledge or expertise
C) Powerful systems capable of manipulating large amounts of information
D) Programming knowledge

Question 37

Which type of DSS allows you to analyze spatial information?

A) Geographic information system
B) Model information system
C) Expert system
D) Multidimensional information system

Question 38

What is a geographic information system's major strength?

A) The ability to layer information quickly
B) Expert knowledge
C) Swarm intelligence
D) Fuzzy logic

Question 39

An expert system is capable of all but which of the following?

A) Handling massive amounts of information
B) Providing conclusive answers
C) Summarizing information from various sources
D) Working with rules

Question 40

A(n) _____ system, also known as a knowledge-based system, is an excellent tool for diagnosing problems and providing answers to these problems.

A) Expert
B) Database management
C) Domain analysis information
D) Geographic information

Question 41

What is a mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective information?

A) Fuzzy logic
B) Statistical analysis
C) Algorithms
D) Knowledge analysis

Question 42

Which type of intelligent agent works with neural networks to classify patterns in information stored in warehouses and categorizes items into those classes?

A) Predictive agents
B) Data-mining agent
C) Neural agent
D) Digging agent

Question 43

What is the difference between an expert system and a genetic algorithm?

A) An expert system uses a genetic algorithm to assist in understanding the problem
B) An expert system provides more accurate solutions than a genetic algorithm
C) A genetic algorithm provides you with the best solution; an expert system provides you with many solutions along with the confidence level for each possible solution
D) Expert systems belong in the category of artificial intelligence; genetic algorithms work with large database and warehouse systems that are not considered artificially intelligent

Question 44

Genetic algorithms use three concepts to solve problems. Which of the following is not one of these three concepts?

A) Synthesis
B) Crossover
C) Selection
D) Mutation

Question 45

Shopping bots often make money for a business by charging click-through fees. What is the potential problem with this type fee structure?

A) If is often difficult to identify the shopper who should be charged the fee
B) Shoppers often use the bot to locate items but drop it before purchasing them. The shopper then returns and purchases the item without the use of the bot and, therefore, avoids the fee
C) Buyers often alienate potential customers with a fee-based shopping tool
D) The bots have conflicting goals; one, to make money and two, to be useful to the customer

Question 46

Which type of intelligent agent works for you to complete tasks such as prioritizing email?

A) Predictive agent
B) Neural agent
C) Communications agent
D) User agent

Question 47

Which of the following is an optimizing system; one that continues to process your information until it discovers the best solution for your problem?

A) Expert system
B) Intelligent database management system (I-DBMS)
C) Genetic algorithm
D) Artificial intelligent synthesis system (AISS)

Question 48

What is the biggest problem with neural networks?

A) They cannot acquire new knowledge
B) They cannot adjust to new circumstances without human intervention
C) They cannot handle unstructured information
D) Hidden layers are "hidden"

Question 49

Which type of system can learn and adjust to new circumstances by themselves?

A) Database management system
B) Expert systems
C) Geographical systems
D) Neural networks

Question 50

What type of science studies ecosystems and learns how to adapt the behaviors of intelligent agents based on these observations?

A) Behavioral
B) Psychology
C) Biomimicry
D) Sociology

Question 51

What type of artificial intelligent system assists you, or acts on your behalf, in performing repetitive computer-related tasks such as finding information of interest from the Web?

A) Intelligent agent
B) Virtual robot
C) Personal nanonyte
D) I-Ambassador

Question 52

What type of intelligent agent operates in a data warehouse discovering information?

A) Data-mining agent
B) Predictive agent
C) Reporting agent
D) Monitoring-and-surveillance agent

Question 53

Which intelligent agent searches for information of some kind and brings it back to the user?

A) Information agent
B) Reporting agent
C) User agent
D) Predictive agent

Question 54

If you needed to analyze a problem, for instance, the type of career path you wished to follow, and there were hundreds if not thousands of different possibilities (e.g., geographical area, industry, salary), what type of system could you employ to find the best career for you?

A) Artificial intelligent synthesis system (AISS)
B) Genetic algorithm
C) Intelligent database management systems (I-DBMS)
D) Neural network

Question 55

What type of predictive agent continually observes changes in information and events and reports its findings back to the user?

A) Shopping bot
B) Data-mining agent
C) Monitoring-and-surveillance agent
D) Personal agent

Question 56

When NASA uses intelligent agents to observe inventory levels and help identify and solve potential problems, NASA is using a(n) _____ agent.

A) User
B) Data-mining
C) Monitoring-and-surveillance
D) Reporting

Question 57

Which type of artificial intelligent system mimics the evolutionary, survival-of-the-fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem?

A) Fuzzy logic
B) Genetic algorithm
C) Intelligent database management systems (I-DBMS)
D) Expert system

Question 58

What are computer rules and processes called?

A) Algorithms
B) Fuzzy logic
C) Knowledge
D) Heuristics

Question 59

There are four types of intelligent agents. Which of the following is not considered one of these types?

A) Information agent
B) Reporting agent
C) Monitoring-and-surveillance agent
D) User or personal agent

Question 60

If your Internet business helped customers find the right product for their needs and then suggested other products based on the information you've gathered on this customer and similar customers, what intelligent agent would you be using?

A) Data-mining agent
B) User agent
C) Predictive agent
D) Shopping bot

Question 61

Model management is used within IS to manage "perfect" or "model" databases.

Question 62

Data management and model management are both used in decision support systems.

Question 63

What type of intelligence gives us a way to examine collective systems where groups of individuals have certain goals, solve problems, and make decisions without centralized control or a common plan?

A) Group intelligence
B) Social intelligence
C) Crowd behavior
D) Swarm intelligence

Question 64

Most decisions fall somewhere between structured and nonstructured.

Question 65

A structured decision involves processing a certain kind of information in a specified way so that you will always get the right answer. No "feel" or intuition is necessary.

Question 66

The choice phase of decision making considers ways to solve problems, fill needs, or take advantage of opportunities.

Question 67

Geographic information systems are a type of artificial intelligence.

Question 68

A geographic information system (GIS) is a decision support system designed specifically to work with spatial information.

Question 69

The four phases of decision making are linear and once one phase is complete it is not returned to.

Question 70

What type of intelligence is based on the collective behavior of groups of simple agents and how these groups work to solve complex and mutual problems?

A) Group intelligence
B) Social intelligence
C) Swarm intelligence
D) Crowd behavior

Question 71

A decision support system (DSS) is a highly flexible and interactive IT system that is designed to support decision making when the problem is not structured.

Question 72

The design phase of decision making focuses on determining how software will work.

Question 73

A recurring decision is one that happens repeatedly, and often periodically, whether weekly, monthly, quarterly, or yearly.

Question 74

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the science of making humans imitate computer thinking and behavior.

Question 75

Expert systems are adaptive systems that work independently, carrying out specific, repetitive, or predicable tasks.

Question 76

The implementation phase of decision making involves carrying out the chosen solution, monitoring the results, and making adjustments as necessary.

Question 77

A recurring decision is one that you make infrequently and you may even have different criteria for determining the best solution each time.

Question 78

What is agent-based modeling?

A) Identifying patterns of user's behaviors and buying habits
B) Simulating human organizations using a multi-agent system
C) Observing and analyzing competitor information and the environmental factors influencing their behavior
D) Building algorithms that monitor, and react to, your business partners' service and product needs

Question 79

Spatial information is any information that can be shown in its original form.

Question 80

The intelligence phase of decision making finds or recognizes a problem, need, or opportunity.