Deck 2: Digestion and Absorption

Question 1

Bacteria in the colon protect people from some infections.​

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Involuntary muscle contractions move food through the intestinal tract. The movement that forces the contents back a few inches before pushing it forward again is called:

A) segmentation.
B) rotation.
C) peristalsis.
D) liquefaction.
E) kneading.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which two organs secrete digestive juices into the small intestine?

A) gallbladder and pancreas
B) pancreas and liver
C) gallbladder and liver
D) duodenum and pancreas
E) liver and stomach

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is formed in the mouth?

A) bile
B) stomach acid
C) chyme
D) villus
E) bolus

Question 5

​Another name for the digestive tract is the:

A) ​urinary tract.
B) exocrine system.
C) gastrointestinal tract.​
D) ​muscular system.
E) gastroesophageal system.​

Question 6

Identify the correct order of the digestive tract from beginning to end.

A) stomach, mouth, large intestine
B) pharynx, rectum, stomach
C) lower esophageal sphincter, esophagus, rectum
D) mouth, stomach, anus
E) pharynx, large intestine, pyloric sphincter

Question 7

Peristalsis is a term that refers to the:

A) circulation of blood in the blood vessels.
B) absorption of nutrients in the intestines.
C) mixing and moving of food through the lymphatic system.
D) last phase of digestion.
E) action of the involuntary muscles of the digestive tract.

Question 8

​Hands should be washed with soap and water often during food preparation in order to reduce the risk of foodborne illness.

Question 9

Immediately before passing into the large intestine, the food mass must pass though the:

A) pyloric sphincter.
B) lower esophageal sphincter.
C) ileocecal valve.
D) bolus.
E) colon.

Question 10

​Segmentation begins when a bolus enters the esophagus.

Question 11

Saliva contains an enzyme that digests:

A) proteins.
B) minerals.
C) starches.
D) vitamins.
E) fiber.

Question 12

Low-density lipoproteins, or LDL, are often referred to as "good" cholesterol.​

Question 13

A bolus is a(n):

A) sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
B) portion of food swallowed at one time.
C) enzyme that hydrolyzes starch.
D) portion of partially digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum.
E) blockage that closes off the trachea to prevent choking.

Question 14

Which enzyme breaks down starch in the mouth?

A) lingual protease
B) lipase
C) salivary amylase
D) gastric protease
E) secretin

Question 15

During swallowing of food, which of the following prevents food from entering the lungs?

A) lower esophageal sphincter
B) pharynx
C) ileocecal valve
D) epiglottis
E) appendix

Question 16

Chyme is:

A) a semiliquid mass of partially digested food.
B) a portion of food swallowed at one time.
C) an enzyme in the stomach needed for the digestion of protein.
D) an esophageal secretion.
E) successive waves of involuntary muscular contractions passing along the wall of the GI tract.

Question 17

The stomach empties into the:

A) ileum.
B) cecum.
C) jejunum.
D) duodenum.
E) colon.

Question 18

The movement of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine is regulated by the:

A) pancreas.
B) lower esophageal sphincter.
C) ileocecal valve.
D) duodenum.
E) pyloric sphincter.

Question 19

​Enzymes:

A) ​facilitate chemical reactions.
B) ​draw water into the small intestine.
C) ​are present in all parts of the GI tract.
D) ​encourage bacterial growth.
E) ​are changed during digestion.

Question 20

The idea of "food-combining diets," or avoiding certain combinations of food, is valid- the digestive system cannot handle more than one task at a time.​

Question 21

Which of the following contains no digestive enzymes?

A) saliva
B) gastric juice
C) intestinal juice
D) bile
E) pancreatic juice

Question 22

Mucus in the stomach serves to:

A) neutralize stomach acid.
B) activate pepsinogen to pepsin.
C) coat and protect stomach cells from gastric juices.
D) emulsify fats.
E) collect bacteria.

Question 23

The normal pH of the stomach is:

A) very acidic.
B) slightly acidic.
C) neutral.
D) slightly alkaline.
E) strongly alkaline.

Question 24

Where does the digestion of proteins begin and end?

A) begins in stomach; ends in pancreas
B) begins in pancreas; ends in small intestine
C) begins in stomach; ends in small intestine
D) begins in small intestine; ends in liver
E) begins in small intestine; ends in stomach

Question 25

The emulsification of fat requires:

A) biotin.
B) enzymes.
C) prostaglandins.
D) intestinal flora.
E) bile.

Question 26

Gallbladder disease, such as cancer, can compromise the digestion of:

A) fat
B) protein
C) carbohydrate
D) fiber
E) minerals

Question 27

The main function of bile is to:

A) stimulate vitamin-producing bacteria.
B) stimulate the activity of protein digestive enzymes.
C) neutralize the intestinal contents.
D) decrease the acidity of the contents of the stomach.
E) emulsify fats.

Question 28

The liver:

A) reabsorbs water and salts.
B) secretes bile.
C) churns food to chyme.
D) performs enzymatic digestion.
E) stores bile.

Question 29

A patient has lost the ability to digest the majority of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats due to a loss of enzymes. Which organ is most likely failing her?

A) pancreas
B) gallbladder
C) stomach
D) liver
E) intestine

Question 30

Which of the following does not secrete digestive juices?

A) stomach
B) pancreas
C) salivary glands
D) liver (via the gall bladder)
E) large intestine

Question 31

Which of the following nutrients takes longest to digest?

A) fat
B) sugar
C) vitamin C
D) fruit sugar
E) glucose

Question 32

In addition to hydrochloric acid, the stomach cells also secrete:

A) mucus.
B) bile.
C) amylase.
D) lipoproteins.
E) cholesterol.

Question 33

Which nutrients are digested in the small intestine?

A) carbohydrate, fat, and protein
B) fat, water, and fiber
C) protein, vitamins, and fiber
D) water, fiber, and minerals
E) carbohydrate, fat, and water

Question 34

What is gastric juice composed of?

A) water, enzymes, and hydrochloric acid
B) enzymes, water, and pancreatic acid
C) chylomicrons, water, and bile
D) hydrochloric acid, bile, and enzymes
E) hydrochloric acid, insulin, and bile

Question 35

After the pancreatic juices have mixed with chyme in the intestine, the resulting mixture is:

A) very acidic.
B) slightly acidic.
C) strongly alkaline.
D) slightly alkaline.
E) none of the above.

Question 36

Fats present in the GI tract:

A) slow down the process of digestion and absorption.
B) cause difficulty in digestion.
C) stimulate and hasten digestion and absorption.
D) are carriers of thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin.
E) cause GI inflammation.

Question 37

The gallbladder:

A) reabsorbs water and salts.
B) churns food to chyme.
C) performs enzymatic digestion.
D) stores bile.
E) contains bacteria that produce Vitamin K.

Question 38

Which organ does not contribute juices during digestion?

A) salivary glands
B) small intestine
C) pancreas
D) esophagus
E) stomach

Question 39

The major digestive enzyme secreted by the stomach is:

A) amylase.
B) lipase.
C) bile.
D) disaccharidase.
E) pepsin

Question 40

The major digestive work in the stomach is the initial breakdown of:

A) starch.
B) proteins.
C) fat.
D) vitamins.
E) mucus.

Question 41

Chylomicrons are composed of:​

A) ​phospholipid, cholesterol, and lymph
B) ​proteins, triglyceride, and water-soluble vitamins
C) ​triglyceride, phospholipid, and proteins
D) ​water-soluble vitamins, phospholipid, and cholesterol
E) ​fat-soluble vitamins, water-soluble vitamins, and proteins

Question 42

Which of the following foods would take the most time to digest?

A) a piece of toast with strawberry jam
B) a grilled steak
C) a green salad with low-fat salad dressing
D) a cup of green beans
E) a piece of cake with frosting

Question 43

​After absorption, the larger fats and fat-soluble vitamins are first released into which transport system?

A) ​excretory
B) ​mesentery
C) ​vascular
D) ​lymphatic
E) ​cardiovascular

Question 44

Which nutrients must be broken down in order to be absorbed?

A) vitamins, minerals, and water
B) carbohydrate, vitamins, and minerals
C) fat, protein, and minerals
D) carbohydrate, protein, and fat
E) carbohydrate, fat, water

Question 45

Villi are part of the structure of the​

A) ​esophagus.
B) ​stomach.
C) ​colon.
D) ​large intestine.
E) ​small intestine.

Question 46

After absorption, the water-soluble nutrients are released directly into the:​

A) ​bloodstream.
B) ​kidneys.
C) ​liver.
D) ​lymph.
E) ​villi.

Question 47

When nutrients enter the blood vessels from the small intestine, they are first transported to the:​

A) ​kidney.
B) ​liver.
C) ​cells throughout the body.
D) ​thoracic duct.
E) ​gallbladder.

Question 48

After digestion, lipids are packaged for transport as lipoproteins known as:​

A) ​HDL.
B) ​VLDL.
C) ​LDL.
D) ​chylomicrons.
E) ​triglycerides.

Question 49

Once the digestive process is complete, the colon retrieves materials that the body must recycle. These materials are:

A) water and dissolved salts.
B) iron and water.
C) protein and sodium.
D) water and fiber.
E) fat and fiber.

Question 50

Fiber functions to:

A) aid in the absorption of vitamins.
B) produce GI bacteria.
C) stimulate the GI tract muscles.
D) stimulate the absorption of nutrients.
E) increase water absorption by the digestive tract.

Question 51

Which of the following foods would be digested most rapidly?

A) a scoop of lemon sherbet
B) an apple
C) a baked potato with sour cream
D) a piece of cheese on a cracker
E) a hamburger

Question 52

Which of the following nutrients is/are absorbed into the lymphatic system?​

A) ​fat-soluble vitamins
B) ​water
C) ​amino acids
D) ​glucose
E) ​minerals

Question 53

Which of these foods would be digested most quickly?

A) sugar cookies
B) peanut butter sandwich and milk
C) stew and cornbread
D) hamburger, French fries, and milkshake
E) steak and baked potato

Question 54

​Which of the following is the body's major metabolic organ?

A) ​pancreas
B) ​small intestine
C) ​gallbladder
D) ​heart
E) ​liver

Question 55

Bacteria in the GI tract perform all of the following functions except:

A) producing biotin.
B) protecting people from infection.
C) producing vitamin K.
D) breaking down fiber.
E) producing bile.

Question 56

A benefit of fiber is that it:

A) promotes mineral absorption.
B) aids in keeping stools soft.
C) prevents diarrhea.
D) keeps individual foods from getting mixed together.
E) promotes fat absorption.

Question 57

One of the functions of the colon is to absorb:

A) salts.
B) vitamins.
C) sugars.
D) fiber.
E) fats.

Question 58

​The primary site of nutrient absorption is the:

A) stomach.​
B) ​pancreas.
C) ​small intestine.
D) ​large intestine.
E) ​mouth.

Question 59

The lymphatic system:​

A) ​contains fluid with the same composition as blood.
B) ​eventually drains into the blood circulatory system.
C) ​carries chylomicrons to the intestines.
D) ​is where metabolism of nutrients takes place.
E) ​conveys the products of digestion toward the brain.

Question 60

The microscopic hairs that cover the surface of each cell lining the small intestine are called:​

A) ​intestinal folds.
B) ​villi.
C) ​microvilli.
D) ​lymphatics.
E) ​chylomicrons.

Question 61

Matching
a. the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth.
b. the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively.
c. a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows.
d. the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs.
e. the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
f. the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
g. the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
h. the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
i. a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
j. a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
k. the top portion of the small intestine.
l. the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
m. the last segment of the small intestine.
n. the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
o. the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
p. a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
q. the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
r. the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract.
ileocecal valve ​

Question 62

​Chylomicrons contain the greatest proportion of:

A) ​protein.
B) ​cholesterol.
C) ​phospholipid.
D) ​water.
E) ​ triglyceride.

Question 63

To prevent bacterial growth when holding cooked foods, they should be kept at what temperature until served?​

A) ​40 or under
B) ​140 or over
C) ​165
D) ​above 200

Question 64

Cold food should be stored at:​

A) ​40°F or colder
B) ​55°F or colder
C) ​80°F or colder
D) ​140°F or colder​
E) ​40oF or warmer

Question 65

Matching
a. the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth.
b. the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively.
c. a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows.
d. the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs.
e. the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
f. the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
g. the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
h. the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
i. a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
j. a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
k. the top portion of the small intestine.
l. the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
m. the last segment of the small intestine.
n. the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
o. the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
p. a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
q. the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
r. the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract.
lower esophageal sphincter ​

Question 66

Which of the following will cause a foodborne intoxication?​

A) ​Listeria
B) ​Clostridium perfringens
C) ​Campylobacter jejuni
D) ​Staphylococcus aureus
E) ​Norovirus

Question 67

​Elevated HDL concentrations are associated with a low risk of heart disease because they:

A) ​transport newly absorbed lipids from intestinal cells to the rest of the body.
B) ​carry cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the rest of the body.
C) ​carry lipids around in the blood more often than LDL.
D) ​scavenge excess cholesterol and phospholipids from the tissues and return them to the liver.
E) ​are a more complex type of cholesterol.

Question 68

Matching
a. the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth.
b. the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively.
c. a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows.
d. the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs.
e. the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
f. the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
g. the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
h. the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
i. a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
j. a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
k. the top portion of the small intestine.
l. the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
m. the last segment of the small intestine.
n. the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
o. the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
p. a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
q. the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
r. the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract.
​anal sphincter

Question 69

Leftovers should be used within how many days?​

A) ​5-7
B) ​3-4
C) ​2-3
D) ​1-2
E) ​10-12

Question 70

Matching
a. the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth.
b. the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively.
c. a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows.
d. the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs.
e. the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
f. the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
g. the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
h. the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
i. a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
j. a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
k. the top portion of the small intestine.
l. the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
m. the last segment of the small intestine.
n. the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
o. the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
p. a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
q. the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
r. the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract.
epiglottis ​

Question 71

Matching
a. the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth.
b. the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively.
c. a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows.
d. the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs.
e. the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
f. the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
g. the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
h. the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
i. a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
j. a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
k. the top portion of the small intestine.
l. the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
m. the last segment of the small intestine.
n. the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
o. the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
p. a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
q. the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
r. the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract.
large intestine ​

Question 72

Matching
a. the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth.
b. the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively.
c. a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows.
d. the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs.
e. the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
f. the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
g. the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
h. the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
i. a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
j. a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
k. the top portion of the small intestine.
l. the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
m. the last segment of the small intestine.
n. the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
o. the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
p. a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
q. the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
r. the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract.
appendix ​

Question 73

Health and performance of the digestive system can be positively affected by:​

A) ​adequate sleep
B) ​enzyme supplements
C) ​colon cleansing treatments
D) ​a high-fat diet
E) ​foodborne illness

Question 74

Matching
a. the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth.
b. the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively.
c. a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows.
d. the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs.
e. the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
f. the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
g. the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
h. the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
i. a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
j. a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
k. the top portion of the small intestine.
l. the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
m. the last segment of the small intestine.
n. the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
o. the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
p. a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
q. the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
r. the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract.
duodenum ​

Question 75

Matching
a. the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth.
b. the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively.
c. a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows.
d. the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs.
e. the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
f. the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
g. the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
h. the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
i. a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
j. a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
k. the top portion of the small intestine.
l. the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
m. the last segment of the small intestine.
n. the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
o. the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
p. a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
q. the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
r. the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract.
esophagus ​

Question 76

Matching
a. the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth.
b. the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively.
c. a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows.
d. the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs.
e. the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
f. the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
g. the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
h. the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
i. a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
j. a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
k. the top portion of the small intestine.
l. the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
m. the last segment of the small intestine.
n. the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
o. the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
p. a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
q. the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
r. the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract.
​jejunum

Question 77

Matching
a. the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth.
b. the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively.
c. a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows.
d. the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs.
e. the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
f. the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
g. the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
h. the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
i. a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
j. a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
k. the top portion of the small intestine.
l. the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
m. the last segment of the small intestine.
n. the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
o. the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
p. a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
q. the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
r. the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract.
gallbladder ​

Question 78

Matching
a. the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth.
b. the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively.
c. a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows.
d. the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs.
e. the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
f. the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
g. the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
h. the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
i. a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
j. a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
k. the top portion of the small intestine.
l. the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
m. the last segment of the small intestine.
n. the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
o. the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
p. a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
q. the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
r. the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract.
ileum ​

Question 79

​What is a good recommendation to prevent foodborne illnesses?

A) ​Fresh produce should be washed before it is eaten.
B) ​Only new sponges and towels should be used in the kitchen.
C) ​Leftovers can safely be covered and left at room temperature until the next meal.
D) ​Meats should be marinated at room temperature.
E) ​All meat should be washed before cooking.

Question 80

​Elevated LDL concentrations are associated with a high risk of heart disease because they:​

A) ​transport cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the tissues.
B) ​carry excessive amounts of fat that is deposited around the heart.
C) ​encourage high levels of iron in the blood.
D) ​take excess cholesterol back to the liver, which increases the production of cholesterol.
E) ​are a different, less complex, type of cholesterol.