Question 1

Bacteria in the colon protect people from some infections.​

Accepted Answer

Bacteria in the colon play an important role in our digestive and immune system. They help break down food and produce vitamins, as well as compete with harmful bacteria to prevent infections. Some strains of bacteria in the colon also produce antimicrobial compounds that can kill off potential pathogens. However, it's important to note that not all bacteria in the colon are beneficial and some can cause infections or other health problems.

Question 2

Involuntary muscle contractions move food through the intestinal tract. The movement that forces the contents back a few inches before pushing it forward again is called:
A) segmentation.
B) rotation.
C) peristalsis.
D) liquefaction.
E) kneading.

Accepted Answer

Segmentation is the process where involuntary muscle contractions in the intestines move the contents back and forth, mixing it with digestive juices. This action does not push the contents in one direction like peristalsis, but rather segments and mixes it, aiding in digestion and absorption.

Question 3

Which two organs secrete digestive juices into the small intestine?
A) gallbladder and pancreas
B) pancreas and liver
C) gallbladder and liver
D) duodenum and pancreas
E) liver and stomach

Accepted Answer

A

Question 4

Which of the following is formed in the mouth?
A) bile
B) stomach acid
C) chyme
D) villus
E) bolus

Accepted Answer

Bolus is the mass of chewed food mixed with saliva that is formed in the mouth before being swallowed. Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, stomach acid is secreted by the gastric glands in the stomach, chyme is the partially digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine, and villus is a finger-like projection in the lining of the small intestine that absorbs nutrients from digested food. Therefore, the correct answer is E, bolus.

Question 5

​Another name for the digestive tract is the:
A) ​urinary tract.
B) exocrine system.
C) gastrointestinal tract.​
D) ​muscular system.
E) gastroesophageal system.​

Accepted Answer

The gastrointestinal tract, also known as the digestive tract or alimentary canal, refers to the organs and structures in the body that are involved in digestion and the absorption of nutrients from food. The urinary tract is a separate system responsible for the production and elimination of urine. The exocrine system refers to glands that secrete their products into ducts to be carried to other parts of the body, such as sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreatic ducts. The muscular system refers to the muscles in the body that are responsible for movement and support, but not specifically digestion. The term "gastroesophageal system" is not commonly used in human anatomy and physiology.

Question 6

Identify the correct order of the digestive tract from beginning to end.
A) stomach, mouth, large intestine
B) pharynx, rectum, stomach
C) lower esophageal sphincter, esophagus, rectum
D) mouth, stomach, anus
E) pharynx, large intestine, pyloric sphincter

Accepted Answer

The digestive tract starts with the mouth where food is chewed and mixed with saliva. Then it goes to the stomach where it is broken down further by stomach acid and enzymes. Finally, it ends at the anus where waste is eliminated from the body. The correct order is mouth, stomach, anus.

Question 7

Peristalsis is a term that refers to the:
A) circulation of blood in the blood vessels.
B) absorption of nutrients in the intestines.
C) mixing and moving of food through the lymphatic system.
D) last phase of digestion.
E) action of the involuntary muscles of the digestive tract.

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis is the action of the involuntary muscles in the digestive tract that contracts and relaxes to push food along the digestive system.

Question 8

​Hands should be washed with soap and water often during food preparation in order to reduce the risk of foodborne illness.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Washing hands with soap and water before and after handling food can help prevent the spread of harmful bacteria and reduce the risk of foodborne illness.

Question 9

Immediately before passing into the large intestine, the food mass must pass though the:
A) pyloric sphincter.
B) lower esophageal sphincter.
C) ileocecal valve.
D) bolus.
E) colon.

Accepted Answer

The ileocecal valve is the sphincter that separates the small intestine from the large intestine. This valve regulates the flow of food mass into the large intestine, preventing backflow of fecal matter from the large intestine into the small intestine. Therefore, immediately before passing into the large intestine, the food mass must pass through the ileocecal valve.

Question 10

​Segmentation begins when a bolus enters the esophagus.

Accepted Answer

Segmentation refers to the process of mixing food within the small intestine through rhythmic contractions, not the movement of a bolus through the esophagus.

Question 11

Saliva contains an enzyme that digests:
A) proteins.
B) minerals.
C) starches.
D) vitamins.
E) fiber.

Accepted Answer

Saliva contains an enzyme called amylase, which helps break down carbohydrates such as starches.

Question 12

Low-density lipoproteins, or LDL, are often referred to as "good" cholesterol.​

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. LDL is actually known as "bad" cholesterol because high levels of LDL can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are typically referred to as "good" cholesterol because they help remove LDL from the bloodstream.

Question 13

A bolus is a(n):
A) sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
B) portion of food swallowed at one time.
C) enzyme that hydrolyzes starch.
D) portion of partially digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum.
E) blockage that closes off the trachea to prevent choking.

Accepted Answer

A bolus is a term used to describe the portion of food that is swallowed at one time. It is formed by the tongue and other muscles in the mouth and pharynx, and is propelled down the esophagus by a series of muscular contractions called peristalsis.

Question 14

Which enzyme breaks down starch in the mouth?
A) lingual protease
B) lipase
C) salivary amylase
D) gastric protease
E) secretin

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase, also known as ptyalin, is the enzyme that breaks down starch in the mouth. It is secreted by the salivary glands and starts the process of breaking down complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars like maltose and glucose.

Question 15

During swallowing of food, which of the following prevents food from entering the lungs?
A) lower esophageal sphincter
B) pharynx
C) ileocecal valve
D) epiglottis
E) appendix

Accepted Answer

The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that covers the trachea, or windpipe, during swallowing to prevent food or liquid from entering the lungs.

Question 16

Chyme is:
A) a semiliquid mass of partially digested food.
B) a portion of food swallowed at one time.
C) an enzyme in the stomach needed for the digestion of protein.
D) an esophageal secretion.
E) successive waves of involuntary muscular contractions passing along the wall of the GI tract.

Accepted Answer

Chyme is the semiliquid mass of partially digested food that is formed in the stomach and then released into the small intestine for further digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Question 17

The stomach empties into the:
A) ileum.
B) cecum.
C) jejunum.
D) duodenum.
E) colon.

Accepted Answer

The stomach empties its contents into the first part of the small intestine called the duodenum, where further digestion and absorption of nutrients takes place. The ileum, jejunum, cecum, and colon are parts of the large intestine and are not directly connected to the stomach.

Question 18

The movement of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine is regulated by the:
A) pancreas.
B) lower esophageal sphincter.
C) ileocecal valve.
D) duodenum.
E) pyloric sphincter.

Accepted Answer

The pyloric sphincter is responsible for regulating the movement of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine.

Question 19

​Enzymes:
A) ​facilitate chemical reactions.
B) ​draw water into the small intestine.
C) ​are present in all parts of the GI tract.
D) ​encourage bacterial growth.
E) ​are changed during digestion.

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are molecules that facilitate chemical reactions, including those involved in digestion. They act as catalysts to speed up the rate of these reactions without themselves being consumed or altered in the process.

Question 20

The idea of "food-combining diets," or avoiding certain combinations of food, is valid- the digestive system cannot handle more than one task at a time.​

Accepted Answer

The idea of "food-combining diets" is not supported by scientific evidence. The digestive system is able to handle and process multiple types of food at the same time.

Quiz 2: Digestion and Absorption

Bacteria in the colon protect people from some infections.

Involuntary muscle contractions move food through the intestinal tract. The movement that forces the contents back a few inches before pushing it forward again is called:

Which two organs secrete digestive juices into the small intestine?

Which of the following is formed in the mouth?

Another name for the digestive tract is the:

Identify the correct order of the digestive tract from beginning to end.

Peristalsis is a term that refers to the:

Hands should be washed with soap and water often during food preparation in order to reduce the risk of foodborne illness.

Immediately before passing into the large intestine, the food mass must pass though the:

Segmentation begins when a bolus enters the esophagus.

Saliva contains an enzyme that digests:

Low-density lipoproteins, or LDL, are often referred to as "good" cholesterol.

A bolus is a(n) :

Which enzyme breaks down starch in the mouth?

During swallowing of food, which of the following prevents food from entering the lungs?

Chyme is:

The stomach empties into the:

The movement of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine is regulated by the:

Enzymes:

The idea of "food-combining diets," or avoiding certain combinations of food, is valid- the digestive system cannot handle more than one task at a time.