Deck 3: Public Health and Primary Care Systems and Health Care Transformation

Question 1

The demographics of the United States have changed as a result of the rise in the foreign-born population. What ethnic group is the fastest growing immigrant population?

A) African Americans
B) Caucasians
C) Hispanics
D) Asians

Answer 1

Hispanics

Question 2

The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 took effect on January 1, 2006. Which of the following is a provision of this legislation?

A) All senior citizens must use the same source for their prescription medications.
B) There is one plan and one co-pay for every drug.
C) There is no requirement for enrollment
D) Costs include premiums, co-pays, and deductible.

Answer 2

Costs include premiums, co-pays, and deductible.

Question 3

The public health system is mandated through laws that are developed at the national, state, or local level. An example of public health laws instituted to protect the health of the community is:

A) Requiring all persons to have health insurance for care at community health facilities
B) Giving flu shots in the late fall and early winter
C) Mandating immunizations for all children entering kindergarten
D) Monitoring and licensing nuclear power plants

Answer 3

Mandating immunizations for all children entering kindergarten

Question 4

The Institute of Medicine found that over 44,000 people die each year of a preventable event that happens as a result of being in the health care environment. This untoward event is:

A) Tuberculosis
B) Obesity
C) Medical error
D) Severe acute respiratory syndrome

Question 5

An 80-year-old woman comes to the community-health care facility with a large bag of medications. She tells the nurse she can no longer afford these medications because her only income is Social Security. Which of the following is the best response by the nurse?

A) "Let's go through these medications and see which ones we can delete."
B) "You can get these medicines at this clinic for free."
C) "Let's see if we can get some help from Medicare to help you pay for these medications. I will refer you to our social worker."
D) "These medications are important. Do your best to pay for them."

Question 6

The electronic medical record has been called the most important innovation for client safety. Which of the following is true? The electronic medical record:

A) Provides a system in which information is digital, privacy protected, and interchangeable
B) Improves client compliance with medical regimens
C) Cannot be viewed by unauthorized persons
D) Complies with JACHO standards

Question 7

If a 25-year-old woman visits a community health care center to obtain a gynecological examination and birth control pills, these activities are termed:

A) Tertiary health care
B) Public health care
C) Primary health care
D) Specialized care

Question 8

The Declaration of Alma Ata by the World Health Organization (WHO) became known by the slogan, "Health for All by the Year

A) A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
B) Whatever a nation defines it as for its own people
2000." According to WHO, health is defined as:
C) The absence of disease or infirmity
D) Engagement in primary health care instead of cure-based care

Question 9

The community health center is the backbone of the public health system for primary health care. Characteristics of these centers include:

A) They are in large metropolitan areas.
B) Their services are only available to the economically disadvantaged.
C) They must provide comprehensive primary care services and supportive services such as translation and transportation services.
D) They are used for preventive services such as flu shots.

Question 10

Managed care was a methodology adopted in the 1980s and 1990s. It is a system designed to deliver through a specific network of providers and to reduce costs. However, the cost saving was short-lived because:

A) Consumer groups did not endorse the plans.
B) Clients had been used to access to providers of their choice and unlimited service.
C) Medicare and Medicaid took over these plans, making them unnecessary.
D) The system lacked proper payment to physicians and many practitioners went out of business.

Question 11

According to "Keeping Patients Safe: Transforming the Work Environment for Nurses," which of the following poses the most serious threat to patient safety?

A) Improper transcription of orders
B) Long working hours by nurses
C) Improperly trained assistive nursing personnel
D) Lack of supervision of assistive nursing personnel

Question 12

Telehealth connections allow high-resolution images and audio with equipment such as a telephone and computer monitor. What is the purpose of telehealth?

A) Allows patients to get nursing care in their homes
B) Substitutes for health department delivered care
C) Improves access to care in rural areas
D) Replaces face-to-face care for those that can not afford it

Question 13

The process of change and development across national boundaries and oceans, involving economics, trade, politics, technology, and social welfare is termed:

A) Politics
B) Globalization
C) Public health
D) Community health

Question 14

Of the following sites, which is known to have the highest rate of medical errors?

A) Hospice care
B) Health department
C) Emergency department
D) Schools

Question 15

The purpose of the World Health Organization is:

A) To coordinate surveillance at the global level
B) To prevent outbreaks of disease
C) To prevent the transmittal of communicable disease among nations of the world
D) To provide humanitarian support in times of disaster

Question 16

The U.S. Census Bureau reported in 2003 that the number of uninsured Americans rose by 1.4 million. What is a major cause of this phenomenon?

A) Medicare took over payment of health care costs.
B) With a declining population, costs for health care rose.
C) Nursing salaries greatly increased, causing health care costs to rise.
D) The drop of health insurance coverage from employment-based health plans.

Question 17

Health People 2010 lists 467 objectives designed to serve as a roadmap for improving the health of all people in the United States during the first decade of the twenty-first century. The two main goals are to increase the quality of life and to:

A) Cure all illness
B) Cure cancer
C) Eliminate health disparities
D) Provide primary care to all citizens

Question 18

Why is increasing the number of minority nurses a priority?

A) The number of minority vs. non-minority nurses should be equal.
B) Minority health care professionals who share the same culture may provide more effective care.
C) The profession should be more diverse.
D) Minority nurses can help the non-minority nurses who have minority patients.

Question 19

Residents of rural communities report that they must travel for long distances to obtain health care services. As a result, they seek health care only for emergencies and severe illnesses. Of which issue related to the organization of health care in the United States is this an example?

A) Access to care
B) Cost
C) Quality
D) Advances in technology

Question 20

Inequality related to health care costs, accessibility to care, and quality of care is known as:

A) Projection
B) Disparity
C) Racism
D) Public health

Question 21

An organized system of health care delivery that, for a fixed fee, provides primary care services, emergency and preventive treatment, and hospital care is called:

A) Preferred provider organization
B) Community center
C) Health maintenance organization
D) Point-of-service provider

Question 22

Quality of care came to the forefront in 1999 with the release of the Institute of Medicine report about medical errors. What are some of the main untoward events categorized in this report? Select all that apply.

A) Wrong-site surgery
B) Adverse drug events
C) Improper transfusions
D) Restraint related deaths
E) None of the above

Question 23

The Department of Homeland Security was created in

A) Prevent and deter terrorist attacks and protect against and respond to threats and hazards to the nation
B) Regulate nursing licensure
2002. The mission of this agency is:
C) Ensure the safety of food and cosmetics
D) Regulate managed care organizations

Question 24

When compared to public health care, primary care is:

A) Focused on individuals
B) Provided by specialists
C) Self-reliant
D) Community-focused

Question 25

To care for a population that is increasing and aging, a strong and flourishing health care work force is required. Which of the following are true? Select all that apply.

A) There is a shortage of nurses.
B) Schools of nursing turned away many qualified applicants due to lack of faculty and limitations of clinical sites.
C) More than one million nurses will be needed by 2012 to replace those who are retiring.
D) More students are choosing laboratory science, pharmacy technology, and radiology technology than nursing.

Question 26

Which of the following began in 1977 as a result of a resolution adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO)?

A) National Health Services Corps
B) Medicare
C) Managed Care
D) Primary Health Care Movement

Question 27

The federal agency of the public health system that is most involved with the health and welfare of U.S. citizens is:

A) Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services
B) Department of Health and Human Services
C) Public Health Service
D) Secretary for Health