Question 1

The demographics of the United States have changed as a result of the rise in the foreign-born population. What ethnic group is the fastest growing immigrant population?
A) African Americans
B) Caucasians
C) Hispanics
D) Asians

Accepted Answer

According to recent census data, the Hispanic population is the fastest-growing immigrant population in the United States, with a growth rate of over 23% between 2000 and 2010. This trend is expected to continue in the coming decades, with Hispanics projected to make up nearly 30% of the total U.S. population by 2050.

Question 2

The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 took effect on January 1, 2006. Which of the following is a provision of this legislation?
A) All senior citizens must use the same source for their prescription medications.
B) There is one plan and one co-pay for every drug.
C) There is no requirement for enrollment
D) Costs include premiums, co-pays, and deductible.

Accepted Answer

The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 established a prescription drug benefit (Part D) for Medicare beneficiaries. This benefit is provided by private insurance plans that contract with Medicare to offer a variety of coverage options. The costs associated with Part D include premiums, co-pays, and deductibles, which vary depending on the plan chosen by the beneficiary. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer as it accurately describes one of the key provisions of the legislation. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they are not provisions of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003.

Question 3

The public health system is mandated through laws that are developed at the national, state, or local level. An example of public health laws instituted to protect the health of the community is:
A) Requiring all persons to have health insurance for care at community health facilities
B) Giving flu shots in the late fall and early winter
C) Mandating immunizations for all children entering kindergarten
D) Monitoring and licensing nuclear power plants

Accepted Answer

Mandating immunizations for all children entering kindergarten is an example of a public health law instituted to protect the health of the community. This is because immunizations are an effective way to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and protect the health of vulnerable populations, such as young children who may not have fully developed immune systems. The other answer choices do not pertain to public health laws or do not directly protect the health of the community.

Question 4

The Institute of Medicine found that over 44,000 people die each year of a preventable event that happens as a result of being in the health care environment. This untoward event is:
A) Tuberculosis
B) Obesity
C) Medical error
D) Severe acute respiratory syndrome

Accepted Answer

The Institute of Medicine found that over 44,000 people die each year of a preventable event that happens as a result of being in the health care environment, and this event is medical error. Medical error is an adverse event or an effect of medical intervention that may harm the patient, and it can include medication errors, misdiagnosis, surgical complications, infections, and equipment failures. Thus, medical errors represent a significant threat to patients' safety and a major public health problem.

Question 5

An 80-year-old woman comes to the community-health care facility with a large bag of medications. She tells the nurse she can no longer afford these medications because her only income is Social Security. Which of the following is the best response by the nurse?
A) "Let's go through these medications and see which ones we can delete."
B) "You can get these medicines at this clinic for free."
C) "Let's see if we can get some help from Medicare to help you pay for these medications. I will refer you to our social worker."
D) "These medications are important. Do your best to pay for them."

Accepted Answer

Referring the patient to the social worker for assistance with Medicare coverage would be the best response. This would help the patient find a solution to her financial problem and also ensure that she continues to receive necessary medication. Option A does not address the financial issue and could potentially lead to the patient stopping medications she still needs. Option B assumes that the clinic has free medications, which may not be the case. Option D is not a viable solution for someone on a fixed income.

Question 6

The electronic medical record has been called the most important innovation for client safety. Which of the following is true? The electronic medical record:
A) Provides a system in which information is digital, privacy protected, and interchangeable
B) Improves client compliance with medical regimens
C) Cannot be viewed by unauthorized persons
D) Complies with JACHO standards

Accepted Answer

The electronic medical record provides a digital system for storing and exchanging information, and also protects privacy through security measures. It does not necessarily improve client compliance with medical regimens, nor does it guarantee that unauthorized persons cannot view the record. Compliance with JACHO standards may depend on the specific implementation of the electronic medical record system.

Question 7

If a 25-year-old woman visits a community health care center to obtain a gynecological examination and birth control pills, these activities are termed:
A) Tertiary health care
B) Public health care
C) Primary health care
D) Specialized care

Accepted Answer

Primary health care refers to the first point of contact for individuals seeking medical attention, and it includes preventive care and basic medical treatment. The scenario described in the question falls under primary health care because the woman is obtaining routine gynecological care and birth control pills, which are considered preventive measures. Tertiary health care refers to specialized care for individuals with complex medical conditions, and public health care refers to healthcare services provided by the government for the general population. Specialized care refers to medical services tailored to specific conditions or patient populations.

Question 8

The Declaration of Alma Ata by the World Health Organization (WHO) became known by the slogan, "Health for All by the Year
A) A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
B) Whatever a nation defines it as for its own people
2000." According to WHO, health is defined as:
C) The absence of disease or infirmity
D) Engagement in primary health care instead of cure-based care

Accepted Answer

This is the official definition of health according to WHO and is stated in the Declaration of Alma Ata. Option B is incorrect because health cannot be defined differently by different nations. Option C is incorrect because health is more than just the absence of disease, and option D is incorrect because primary health care is not necessarily opposed to cure-based care, but rather emphasizes prevention and holistic health care.

Question 9

The community health center is the backbone of the public health system for primary health care. Characteristics of these centers include:
A) They are in large metropolitan areas.
B) Their services are only available to the economically disadvantaged.
C) They must provide comprehensive primary care services and supportive services such as translation and transportation services.
D) They are used for preventive services such as flu shots.

Accepted Answer

Community health centers are located in both rural and urban areas and serve all members of the community, not just the economically disadvantaged. Their primary function is to provide comprehensive primary care services and supportive services such as translation and transportation services, which are essential for maintaining the health of the community. While they may also provide preventive services such as flu shots, this is not their primary focus.

Question 10

Managed care was a methodology adopted in the 1980s and 1990s. It is a system designed to deliver through a specific network of providers and to reduce costs. However, the cost saving was short-lived because:
A) Consumer groups did not endorse the plans.
B) Clients had been used to access to providers of their choice and unlimited service.
C) Medicare and Medicaid took over these plans, making them unnecessary.
D) The system lacked proper payment to physicians and many practitioners went out of business.

Accepted Answer

Managed care faced backlash because clients were accustomed to having a choice of providers and unlimited service, which was restricted under the new system. The other options (A, C, and D) are not entirely correct. While consumer groups may have voiced concerns, they were not the sole reason for the failure of managed care. Medicare and Medicaid did adopt some managed care plans but did not take over the entire system, rendering option C incorrect. Payment to physicians was an issue, but it was not the only reason for the short-lived cost savings of managed care, therefore making option D partly incorrect.

Question 11

According to "Keeping Patients Safe: Transforming the Work Environment for Nurses," which of the following poses the most serious threat to patient safety?
A) Improper transcription of orders
B) Long working hours by nurses
C) Improperly trained assistive nursing personnel
D) Lack of supervision of assistive nursing personnel

Accepted Answer

The report states that "long working hours and inadequate staffing levels are the most serious threat to patient safety" as they can lead to fatigue, burnout, and errors among nurses. While the other options listed also pose a threat, they are not as significant as the issue of long working hours.

Question 12

Telehealth connections allow high-resolution images and audio with equipment such as a telephone and computer monitor. What is the purpose of telehealth?
A) Allows patients to get nursing care in their homes
B) Substitutes for health department delivered care
C) Improves access to care in rural areas
D) Replaces face-to-face care for those that can not afford it

Accepted Answer

The purpose of telehealth is to improve access to care, particularly in rural areas where there may be a shortage of healthcare providers. Telehealth connections, which can include high-resolution images and audio, allow patients to receive care remotely without needing to travel long distances to see a healthcare provider. While telehealth can be used to provide nursing care in the home, it is not its primary purpose. It also does not substitute for health department delivered care, but rather enhances it. Lastly, telehealth does not replace face-to-face care but rather offers an alternative option.

Question 13

The process of change and development across national boundaries and oceans, involving economics, trade, politics, technology, and social welfare is termed:
A) Politics
B) Globalization
C) Public health
D) Community health

Accepted Answer

The process of change and development across national boundaries and oceans, involving economics, trade, politics, technology and social welfare is known as globalization. Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Option A refers only to the distribution of power and decision-making processes within a given society. Option C relates specifically to the health of the public in a particular community, while Option D focuses on health promotion and disease prevention in a specified population or location.

Question 14

Of the following sites, which is known to have the highest rate of medical errors?
A) Hospice care
B) Health department
C) Emergency department
D) Schools

Accepted Answer

The emergency department is known to have the highest rate of medical errors due to the fast-paced and high-stress nature of emergency medicine. Hospice care, health departments, and schools are not typically associated with high rates of medical errors.

Question 15

The purpose of the World Health Organization is:
A) To coordinate surveillance at the global level
B) To prevent outbreaks of disease
C) To prevent the transmittal of communicable disease among nations of the world
D) To provide humanitarian support in times of disaster

Accepted Answer

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its objective, as set out in its constitution, is "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health."

Question 16

The U.S. Census Bureau reported in 2003 that the number of uninsured Americans rose by 1.4 million. What is a major cause of this phenomenon?
A) Medicare took over payment of health care costs.
B) With a declining population, costs for health care rose.
C) Nursing salaries greatly increased, causing health care costs to rise.
D) The drop of health insurance coverage from employment-based health plans.

Accepted Answer

The drop of health insurance coverage from employment-based health plans is the major cause of the phenomenon of rising uninsured Americans. As many employers are no longer offering health insurance coverage as a benefit, more people are left without coverage, leading to an increase in the number of uninsured individuals.

Question 17

Health People 2010 lists 467 objectives designed to serve as a roadmap for improving the health of all people in the United States during the first decade of the twenty-first century. The two main goals are to increase the quality of life and to:
A) Cure all illness
B) Cure cancer
C) Eliminate health disparities
D) Provide primary care to all citizens

Accepted Answer

The second main goal of Health People 2010 is to eliminate health disparities, which refers to differences in health outcomes and access to health care among different populations. While improving primary care is an important objective, it is not the main goal of the initiative. Additionally, curing all illness or cancer is not a feasible objective.

Question 18

Why is increasing the number of minority nurses a priority?
A) The number of minority vs. non-minority nurses should be equal.
B) Minority health care professionals who share the same culture may provide more effective care.
C) The profession should be more diverse.
D) Minority nurses can help the non-minority nurses who have minority patients.

Accepted Answer

Minority patients may feel more comfortable and understood when receiving care from healthcare professionals who share their culture and language. This can lead to better communication, trust, and ultimately better health outcomes. Increasing the number of minority nurses can help address healthcare disparities and provide more equitable care for all patients.

Question 19

Residents of rural communities report that they must travel for long distances to obtain health care services. As a result, they seek health care only for emergencies and severe illnesses. Of which issue related to the organization of health care in the United States is this an example?
A) Access to care
B) Cost
C) Quality
D) Advances in technology

Accepted Answer

This is an example of limited access to health care services for rural communities, which is a major issue related to the organization of health care in the United States. It highlights the need for policies and programs aimed at improving access to health care services for people living in rural areas.

Question 20

Inequality related to health care costs, accessibility to care, and quality of care is known as:
A) Projection
B) Disparity
C) Racism
D) Public health

Accepted Answer

Inequality related to health care costs, accessibility to care, and quality of care is known as health care disparities. This can include disparities based on race, ethnicity, income, gender, and other factors. "Projection" and "public health" are not directly related to health care disparities, and while racism can contribute to health care disparities, it is not the only factor involved.

Quiz 3: Public Health and Primary Care Systems and Health Care Transformation

The demographics of the United States have changed as a result of the rise in the foreign-born population. What ethnic group is the fastest growing immigrant population?

The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 took effect on January 1, 2006. Which of the following is a provision of this legislation?

The public health system is mandated through laws that are developed at the national, state, or local level. An example of public health laws instituted to protect the health of the community is:

The Institute of Medicine found that over 44,000 people die each year of a preventable event that happens as a result of being in the health care environment. This untoward event is:

An 80-year-old woman comes to the community-health care facility with a large bag of medications. She tells the nurse she can no longer afford these medications because her only income is Social Security. Which of the following is the best response by the nurse?

The electronic medical record has been called the most important innovation for client safety. Which of the following is true? The electronic medical record:

If a 25-year-old woman visits a community health care center to obtain a gynecological examination and birth control pills, these activities are termed:

The Declaration of Alma Ata by the World Health Organization (WHO) became known by the slogan, "Health for All by the Year

The community health center is the backbone of the public health system for primary health care. Characteristics of these centers include:

Managed care was a methodology adopted in the 1980s and 1990s. It is a system designed to deliver through a specific network of providers and to reduce costs. However, the cost saving was short-lived because:

According to "Keeping Patients Safe: Transforming the Work Environment for Nurses," which of the following poses the most serious threat to patient safety?

Telehealth connections allow high-resolution images and audio with equipment such as a telephone and computer monitor. What is the purpose of telehealth?

The process of change and development across national boundaries and oceans, involving economics, trade, politics, technology, and social welfare is termed:

Of the following sites, which is known to have the highest rate of medical errors?

The purpose of the World Health Organization is:

The U.S. Census Bureau reported in 2003 that the number of uninsured Americans rose by 1.4 million. What is a major cause of this phenomenon?

Health People 2010 lists 467 objectives designed to serve as a roadmap for improving the health of all people in the United States during the first decade of the twenty-first century. The two main goals are to increase the quality of life and to:

Why is increasing the number of minority nurses a priority?

Residents of rural communities report that they must travel for long distances to obtain health care services. As a result, they seek health care only for emergencies and severe illnesses. Of which issue related to the organization of health care in the United States is this an example?

Inequality related to health care costs, accessibility to care, and quality of care is known as: