Question 1

A nursing student develops a teaching plan about hand washing to present to a group of elementary school children at the local school. This student is using which of the 17 public health interventions?
A) Collaboration
B) Surveillance
C) Health teaching
D) Screening

Accepted Answer

The nursing student is using the public health intervention of health teaching by developing a teaching plan about hand washing to present to a group of elementary school children. Health teaching is a form of health education that promotes the understanding and adoption of healthy behaviors, such as hand washing, in individuals and communities.

Question 2

The orange wedge of the Intervention Wheel includes collaboration, coalition building, and community organizing. What does this include?
A) Case management, referral, and follow-up
B) The types of collective action often carried out at the systems or community levels of practice
C) Health teaching and counseling
D) Interventions that are frequently implemented in conjunction with one another

Accepted Answer

Collaboration, coalition building, and community organizing are all strategies used at the community level of practice to bring about systemic change. These strategies involve working with others in the community, such as policymakers, community organizations, and other stakeholders, to address social problems and create new policies or programs that benefit the community as a whole. These strategies often involve collective action and can be implemented in conjunction with other interventions, such as case management, referral, and follow-up, and health teaching and counseling. However, B is the best choice as it specifically refers to the types of collective action often carried out at the systems or community levels of practice.

Question 3

The Intervention Wheel framework is based on 10 assumptions. Assumption 2 is, "Public health nursing practice focuses on populations." This implies:
A) A population is a collection of individuals who have one or more personal or environmental characteristics in common.
B) The population at risk has many identified and unidentified risk factors.
C) The focus of public health nurses is on individuals in a population.
D) The determinants of health are focused on knowledge from international sources.

Accepted Answer

Assumption 2 of the Intervention Wheel framework emphasizes that public health nursing practice targets populations, and a population is defined as a group of individuals who share similar characteristics. Therefore, option A is the best choice as it accurately reflects this assumption. Option B is incorrect as it suggests that only the population at risk has identified and unidentified risk factors, but the framework applies to all populations. Option C is also incorrect as the focus is on the population, not just individuals. Option D is incorrect as it suggests that the framework only uses international sources, but it draws on a range of sources to determine the determinants of health.

Question 4

The Intervention Wheel is a conceptual model that defines population-based practice. Which of the following is true about the origins of the Wheel?
A) A panel of nurses from Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin developed and refined the Wheel.
B) The Wheel was conceived by a group of international nurses from Norway, Kazakhstan, and Japan.
C) The Wheel was a result of a qualitative analysis carried out by the State Boards of Nursing.
D) The Wheel resulted from a grounded theory process carried out by public health consultants at the Minnesota Department of Health.

Accepted Answer

The Intervention Wheel was developed through a grounded theory process by public health consultants at the Minnesota Department of Health in the United States.

Question 5

The Intervention Wheel contains wedges that are color-coded. What is the purpose of these wedges?
A) The interventions are grouped with related wedges.
B) Wedges consist of referral information for each wedge.
C) The element of health teaching is the predominant feature of each wedge
D) Coalition building must be implemented with each wedge.

Accepted Answer

The purpose of color-coding the wedges in the Intervention Wheel is to group interventions that are related. This makes it easier for practitioners to identify appropriate strategies and interventions for specific health issues.

Question 6

Public health nurses utilize registries to identify children with delayed or missing immunizations. They contact families by phone or do home visits. This is an example of what practice level of the three levels of practice described by the Intervention Wheel?
A) Systems-level practice
B) Community-level practice
C) Policy-level practice
D) Individual/family-level practice

Accepted Answer

The practice described in the scenario focuses on identifying and addressing the health needs of individual children and families, making it an example of individual/family-level practice.

Question 7

Public health nursing is guided by priorities identified through an assessment of community health as described by Assumption 4. This includes:
A) Community assessment to define one problem that nurses will focus on for any given year.
B) The definition of community is a social network of interacting individuals usually in a defined territory.
C) Prevention strategies are used to minimize the effects of occurrences from the last year.
D) Public health nurses intervene at the population level only after doing community assessments.

Accepted Answer

Assumption 4 states that public health nursing is guided by priorities identified through an assessment of community health, and the definition of community is a social network of interacting individuals usually in a defined territory. Therefore, option B is the correct choice. Option A is incorrect as it suggests that nurses only focus on one problem per year, which is not necessarily true. Option C is incorrect as prevention strategies may not always be based on occurrences from the previous year. Option D is also incorrect as public health nurses may intervene at both the population and individual levels, depending on the situation.

Question 8

An example of a health priority that almost every public health nurse will encounter is:
A) The contamination of water sources due to flooding
B) The potential for the occurrence of vaccine-preventable disease due to missing immunizations
C) Restrictions on practice due to local law
D) Lack of knowledge about infant care by all new mothers that necessitates home visits

Accepted Answer

Missing immunizations can lead to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases, which can have serious consequences for public health. Public health nurses play a key role in promoting vaccination and ensuring that individuals receive the recommended vaccines to prevent the spread of communicable diseases. While other options may also be important health priorities, vaccine-preventable diseases are particularly common and preventable.

Question 9

An example of implementation that followed measurable outcome indicators to measure the impact of interventions on public health is:
A) Doing a home visit on a child who has had multiple absences from school due to illness
B) Collecting data in order to assess the reasons for school absences in a community
C) Evaluating the impact of a teaching program for teachers who deal with children with disabilities
D) Developing nursing diagnoses related to school absences

Accepted Answer

The answer of An example of implementation that followed measurable...

Question 10

Assumption 8 states: "Public health nursing practice utilizes a common set of interventions regardless of practice setting." This implies:
A) Interventions are characterized by wedges that clearly state the order of implementation.
B) The Intervention Wheel encompasses surveillance as the main element.
C) Interventions guide practice and are subject to regulatory agency protocols.
D) Interventions are actions taken on behalf of communities, systems, individuals, and families to improve or protect health status.

Accepted Answer

The statement implies that public health nursing interventions are actions taken to improve or protect health status across various levels, including communities, systems, individuals, and families, regardless of the practice setting.

Question 11

The cornerstones of public health nursing practice:
A) Focus on the health of entire populations
B) Reflect community priorities and needs
C) Promote health through strategies driven by epidemiological evidence
D) Encompass the mental, physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and environmental aspects of health.
E) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The cornerstones of public health nursing practice are to focus on the health of entire populations, reflect community priorities and needs, promote health through strategies driven by epidemiological evidence, and encompass the mental, physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and environmental aspects of health. Therefore, all four choices (A, B, C, D) are correct.

Question 12

The Intervention Model identifies 17 public health interventions. A nurse who is involved in identifying individuals with unrecognized health risk factors or asymptomatic disease is using which of the following interventions?
A) Screening
B) Referral and follow-up
C) Surveillance
D) Health teaching

Accepted Answer

Screening involves identifying individuals with unrecognized health risk factors, signs, or asymptomatic disease through the use of tests, examinations, or other procedures that can be applied rapidly. Therefore, a nurse involved in identifying such individuals is using screening intervention.

Question 13

The Intervention Wheel model encompasses three levels of practice. They are:
A) Communities, individuals and families, and systems
B) Coalition, collaboration, and case management
C) Education, advocacy, and policy making
D) Idealism, justice, and power

Accepted Answer

The Intervention Wheel model includes three levels of practice: communities, individuals and families, and systems. This model is widely used in public health and social work to guide interventions at different levels of practice. Option B includes terms that are also important in practice, but they do not capture the three levels of the Intervention Wheel model. Option C includes terms that are important in influencing change, but they do not align with the three levels of practice in the Intervention Wheel model. Option D includes terms that are relevant for understanding social justice issues, but they do not align with the three levels of practice in the Intervention Wheel model.

Question 14

The Intervention Wheel is a conceptual framework that has proven to be a useful model in defining population-based practice and how it contributes to improving population health. Which of the following is true about the Intervention Wheel?
A) It provides a graphic illustration of population-based public health practice.
B) It eliminates the need for collaboration because it describes in detail public health nursing practice.
C) It provides policy and lawmakers with an idea of what community health nurses are responsible for and can thus guide policy.
D) It is a framework used by all health departments in the United States.

Accepted Answer

The Intervention Wheel provides a graphic illustration of population-based public health practice. It is a circular model depicting three levels of practice (community, systems, and individual/family) and 17 interventions used in public health nursing practice.

Question 15

There are 17 actions common to the work of public health nurses regardless of their practice setting. Most of these interventions are implemented at three levels. They are with:
A) Legislators, policy makers, and community leaders
B) Individuals and families, communities, and systems
C) Children, adolescents, and adults
D) Health departments, public health agencies, and visiting nurses associations

Accepted Answer

The 17 actions common to the work of public health nurses are generally implemented at three levels: with individuals and families, communities, and systems. These interventions usually target the promotion of health and prevention of diseases, as well as the management of health issues and concerns. While public health nurses may also work with legislators, policy makers, and community leaders at times, the majority of their work revolves around direct interaction with individuals, families, and various community and institutional systems. Therefore, option B is the best choice.

Question 16

Since the Intervention Wheel was first published in 1998, the Wheel has:
A) Guided national policy
B) Been used as a tool in deciding licensure issues at the State Boards of Nursing
C) Been incorporated into the public/community health curricula of many undergraduate and graduate nursing programs
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D) Gained wide acceptance internationally

Accepted Answer

The Intervention Wheel has been incorporated into the public/community health curricula of many undergraduate and graduate nursing programs, reflecting its educational impact.

Question 17

The Intervention Wheel model encompasses three levels of practice. The systems-level of practice involves:
A) Community-level practice to increase the knowledge of the entire community
B) Involving individuals and families in identifying health problems in the community
C) Changing laws, policies, and practices that influence population-based issues
D) Public health nurses identifying children with delayed or missing immunizations

Accepted Answer

The systems-level of practice involves changing laws, policies, and practices that influence population-based issues. This level of practice aims to improve the overall health of the community by addressing social, economic, and political determinants of health. Community-level and individual-level practices are part of different levels of the Intervention Wheel model. The identification of children with delayed or missing immunizations is an example of direct care at the individual level of practice.

Question 18

The nursing process can be applied in public health nursing practice. Which of the following is an example of community assessment?
A) Visiting an elderly person at home to assess safety risks
B) Developing nursing diagnoses to identify actions nurses at a community health center will take
C) Evaluating an immunization clinic that included a translator to assist non-English speaking clients
D) Data from the county social services department on child abuse cases for the past 5 years

Accepted Answer

Data from the county social services department on child abuse cases for the past 5 years is an example of community assessment, as it provides information about a specific health issue affecting the community. Visiting an elderly person at home to assess safety risks is a form of individual assessment. Developing nursing diagnoses and evaluating an immunization clinic are examples of interventions that can be implemented after completing a community assessment.

Question 19

Assumption 7 states: "Public health nursing utilizes the nursing process at all levels of practice." What does this imply?
A) The nursing process includes specific goals for community health nurses.
B) The nursing diagnosis part of the nursing process is not applicable for public health.
C) The nursing process can be used at the community, systems, and individual/family levels of practice.
D) The nursing process is used mainly at the individual and family level of practice.

Accepted Answer

Assumption 7 implies that the nursing process can be used at all levels of practice including the community, systems, and individual/family levels. It does not exclude any part of the nursing process or only limit it to certain levels of practice. Therefore, option C is the best choice. Options A, B, and D are all incorrect because they either limit the nursing process to certain levels or exclude certain components of the nursing process.

Question 20

A nurse promotes alliances among organizations for a common purpose. This is an example of which of the 17 public health interventions?
A) Health teaching
B) Coalition building
C) Surveillance
D) Referral and follow-up

Accepted Answer

Coalition building involves promoting alliances among organizations for a common purpose, which is exactly what the nurse is doing in this scenario. Health teaching focuses on educating individuals or groups about health topics. Surveillance involves gathering and analyzing data to monitor health status and track health problems. Referral and follow-up involves connecting individuals to necessary health services and ensuring they receive appropriate follow-up care.

Quiz 9: Population-Based Public Health Nursing Practice: the Intervention Wheel

A nursing student develops a teaching plan about hand washing to present to a group of elementary school children at the local school. This student is using which of the 17 public health interventions?

The orange wedge of the Intervention Wheel includes collaboration, coalition building, and community organizing. What does this include?

The Intervention Wheel framework is based on 10 assumptions. Assumption 2 is, "Public health nursing practice focuses on populations." This implies:

The Intervention Wheel is a conceptual model that defines population-based practice. Which of the following is true about the origins of the Wheel?

The Intervention Wheel contains wedges that are color-coded. What is the purpose of these wedges?

Public health nurses utilize registries to identify children with delayed or missing immunizations. They contact families by phone or do home visits. This is an example of what practice level of the three levels of practice described by the Intervention Wheel?

Public health nursing is guided by priorities identified through an assessment of community health as described by Assumption 4. This includes:

An example of a health priority that almost every public health nurse will encounter is:

An example of implementation that followed measurable outcome indicators to measure the impact of interventions on public health is:

Assumption 8 states: "Public health nursing practice utilizes a common set of interventions regardless of practice setting." This implies:

The cornerstones of public health nursing practice:

The Intervention Model identifies 17 public health interventions. A nurse who is involved in identifying individuals with unrecognized health risk factors or asymptomatic disease is using which of the following interventions?

The Intervention Wheel model encompasses three levels of practice. They are:

The Intervention Wheel is a conceptual framework that has proven to be a useful model in defining population-based practice and how it contributes to improving population health. Which of the following is true about the Intervention Wheel?

There are 17 actions common to the work of public health nurses regardless of their practice setting. Most of these interventions are implemented at three levels. They are with:

Since the Intervention Wheel was first published in 1998, the Wheel has:

The Intervention Wheel model encompasses three levels of practice. The systems-level of practice involves:

The nursing process can be applied in public health nursing practice. Which of the following is an example of community assessment?

Assumption 7 states: "Public health nursing utilizes the nursing process at all levels of practice." What does this imply?

A nurse promotes alliances among organizations for a common purpose. This is an example of which of the 17 public health interventions?