Deck 3: Requirements Determination

Question 1

Both story cards and task lists are considered to be "_____________" approaches to documenting and gathering requirements.

A)heavy weight
B)lite weight
C) formal
D)dummy
E)casual

Answer 1

B

Question 2

During an interview, the following question is asked; "How many times during a typical week does a customer complain about inadequate service following a sale?" This question is an example of a (n) _____ question.

A) Opinion-generating
B) Eye-opening
C) open-ended
D) closed-ended
E) probing

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Concept maps allow the relationships among the _______________________to be explicitly represented.

A)entity relations
B)functional requirements
C)functional and nonfunctional requirements
D)nonfunctional requirements
E)system proposals

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The ________ brings together into a single comprehensive document the material created during planning and analysis

A) project charter
B) system proposal
C) system request
D) requirements document
E) vision document

Question 5

The functional model component of the system proposal includes _______.

A) a activity diagram
B) a set of use case descriptions
C) a use case diagram
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 6

The information gathering technique that enables the analyst to collect facts and opinions from a wide range of geographically dispersed people quickly and with the least expense is the _____.

A) document analysis
B) interview
C) JAD session
D) observation
E) questionnaire

Question 7

Understanding the as-is system, identifying improvements, and developing requirements for the to-be system are the steps of the _____ phase.

A) analysis
B) design
C) implementation
D) planning
E) SDLC

Question 8

_______ is an example of functional requirements.

A) The system should work with any web browser
B) The system should load any web page within 3 seconds
C) Customers should be able to see their orders after authentication
D) The system should comply with the company's policy of buying all PCs and servers from Dell
E) The system should be able to search all available inventory in order to determine whether a product can be made by a given date

Question 9

A JAD facilitator is _____.

A) the person who sets the meeting agenda and guides the discussion
B) the person who records the discussion
C) participates in the discussion
D) is also a power user
E) none of these

Question 10

A concept map is essentially a node-and-arc representation, where the nodes represent the individual requirements and the arcs represent the _______________ among the requirements.

A) relationships
B) data flow
C) constraints
D) conditions
E) communications

Question 11

The examination of existing paperwork in order to better understand the As-Is system is an example of what information-gathering strategy?

A) document analysis
B) interviewing
C) joint application design (JAD) sessions
D) observation
E) questionnaires

Question 12

The information gathering technique that is most effective in combining information from a variety of perspectives, building consensus, and resolving discrepancies is a(n) _____.

A) document analysis
B) interview
C) joint application development
D) observation
E) questionnaire

Question 13

The goal of this analysis strategy is to change the fundamental way the organization operates and to make major changes by taking advantage of new ideas, methods and technology.

A) business process automation
B) business process benchmarking
C) business process improvement
D) business process reengineering
E) business process systemization

Question 14

A JAD session can reduce scope creep by _____.

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 40%
D) 50%
E) 75%

Question 15

The most commonly used information-gathering technique is _____.

A) interviewing
B) joint application design (JAD) sessions
C) document analysis
D) observation
E) questionnaires

Question 16

The most comprehensive and complete deliverable of the analysis phase is _____.

A) project work plan
B) system proposal
C) behavioral models for the to-be system
D) functional models for the to-be system
E) structural models for the to-be system

Question 17

The goal of ______ analysis strategy is to make minor or moderate changes to the business processes so that they will become more efficient and effective.

A) business process automation
B) business process benchmarking
C) business process improvement
D) business process reengineering
E) business process systemization

Question 18

Which of the following analysis strategies incurs the highest risk yet has the potential to provide high value to the business?

A) Business Process Automation
B) Business Process Improvement
C) Business Process Reengineering
D) Business Process Renovation
E) Root cause analysis

Question 19

Sarah would like to give the interviewee more control over the interview and to gather rich information. She should ask _____ questions.

A) closed-ended
B) inappropriate
C) open-ended
D) opinion
E) probing

Question 20

What information-gathering strategy enables the analyst to see the reality of the situation rather than listen to others describe it?

A) document analysis
B) interviewing
C) joint application design (JAD) sessions
D) observation
E) questionnaires

Question 21

The executive summary in system proposal is typically no more than __________ page(s) long.

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) five

Question 22

Open-ended questions gather rich information because they are questions that permit the interviewee to elaborate on answer.

Question 23

The top-down approach is an appropriate strategy for most interviews because it enables the interviewee to become accustomed to the topic before he or she needs to provide specifics and it enables the interviewer to understand the issues before moving to the details.

Question 24

It is easier to ask an interviewee what is used to perform a task than it is to show the interviewee a form and ask what information on the form is used.

Question 25

The standard approach to select who should complete a questionnaire during information gathering is to sample only those departments that do not have direct contact with the As-Is system.

Question 26

The interview schedule lists all the people who will be interviewed, when, and for what purpose.

Question 27

"How can you reduce the number of errors in the name and address field on the data entry screen?" is an example of a high level question.

Question 28

Following an interview the analyst should always prepare an interview report that describes the information gathered from the interview.

Question 29

JAD is the appropriate technique for gathering information about the As-Is and To-Be systems: it that identifies improvements, and has a high amount of user involvement.

Question 30

Observation is a powerful tool for gathering information about the As-Is system and may be necessary because managers often do not remember how they work and how they allocate their time.

Question 31

Document analysis and observation are commonly used for understanding the As-Is system because they are useful for obtaining facts.

Question 32

Because it is important not to disrupt the normal business function, joint application design (JAD) sessions should be held at a location easily accessible to the participants' office staffs, and attendees should be those most easily released from regular duties and least likely to be missed.

Question 33

To better understand the As-Is system the project team members can perform document analysis on existing forms, reports, and business process models.

Question 34

Benchmarking refers to studying how other organizations perform a business process so you can learn how your organization can do it better.

Question 35

Questionnaires are often used when there is only a small number of people from which information and opinions are needed, because it is difficult to get a large number of participants to return questionnaires on a timely basis.

Question 36

The analysis phase of the SDLC ends when a system proposal for the new system is presented to the approval committee.

Question 37

Joint application design (JAD) sessions are specifically designed to improve integration of information, because all information is combined when it is collected, not afterward.

Question 38

From a quality perspective, ___________ quality is related to the degree that the software meets the functional requirements.

A) functional
B) non-functional
C) standard
D) security
E) reliability

Question 39

When considering ISO9000 compliance, quality dimensions are further decomposed into __________ and _________.

A) required and non-required
B) essential and non-essential
C) functional and non-functional
D) internal and external
E) reliable and non-reliable

Question 40

The ___________ requirements are associated with the efficiency, maintainability, portability, reliability, reusability, testability, and usability quality dimensions..

A) functional
B) non-functional
C) standard
D) correctness
E) performance

Question 41

A systems analyst is participating in an exchange of services with another organization. First, the analyst visits the partner organization, studies and evaluates their systems, and recommends changes and improvements. Then, a team of analysts from the partner organization visits the analyst's organization and performs the same service. This process is an example of benchmarking.

Question 42

Tracy has decided to ask the users and managers to identify problems with the current system and to recommend how to solve these problems in the future system. They have recommended small incremental changes. Tracy is identifying improvement opportunities through problem analysis.

Question 43

A system proposal brings together into a SINGLE comprehensive document the material created during planning and analysis..

Question 44

Both story cards and task lists requirements documentation techniques are considered to be detail approaches to documenting and gathering requirements.

Question 45

An interview style that seeks a broad and roughly defined set of information is commonly called the unstructured interview style.

Question 46

Concept maps are easier to represent the nonfunctional requirements relationships than typical textual approaches.

Question 47

An analysis team consisting of users, managers, and analysts, are in the midst of a daylong meeting. They are working on systematically evaluating the consequences of removing every activity from the current business process. The team is performing activity-based costing.

Question 48

An analyst for an insurance company determined that the overall time required to process a property damage insurance claim is 21 business days. When the analyst decomposes the process into steps and aggregates the total time requirements for all steps, she discovers a total time of 12 hours. The analyst is employing the activity-based costing analysis technique.

Question 49

A requirement is a statement of what the system must do and how it will be implemented.

Question 50

Kristin, a systems analyst, needs to know detailed information about the accounts receivable process, but she is not concerned with accounts payable or general ledger, or the integration of this information. Her analysis will assist her in designing a To-Be system for the accounts receivable department. The appropriate requirements-gathering technique to be used would be interviewing.

Question 51

Activity-based costing is similar to duration analysis. While duration analysis attempts to find the time taken to complete business processes, activity-based costing finds the costs associated with each of the basic functional steps or processes.

Question 52

Joint Application Design (JAD) is always the better requirements-gathering technique than others. In practice, every project should only JAD.

Question 53

One of advantage of concept maps over typical textual approach is that concepts maps allow the relationships among the functional and nonfunctional requirements to be explicitly represented.

Question 54

Jessica has asked the users to generate a list of problems with the current system and to prioritize the problems in order of importance. Jessica then generated all the possible causes for the problems, starting with the most important. Jessica is identifying improvement opportunities through root cause analysis.

Question 55

A systems analyst has prepared an interview agenda that begins with a number of specific, detailed questions, and then asks the interviewee to make general statements about the policies and procedure of the business process. The analyst is following a top-down interview structure.

Question 56

The executive summary is an important component of the system proposal because it is used for convincing the busy executives of the merits of the project as birefly as possible.

Question 57

A fundamental disadvantage of the JAD sessions is that they are subject to be dominated by a few. e-JAD attempts to eliminate this disadvantage.

Question 58

Root cause analysis attempts to find solutions for the business problems.

Question 59

Amanda had the managers at her company develop a list of important and interesting technologies and how each technology could be applied to current business process. Amanda is identifying improvement opportunities through technology analysis.

Question 60

When you begin an interview, the first goal is to establish control and let the interviewee know that you have a mastery of the subject.

Question 61

Explain why JAD is not just a fancy name for a group interview.

Question 62

What is the difference between e-JAD and traditional JAD sessions? What makes e-JAD sessions more effective than the traditional ones?

Question 63

Briefly describe the Story Cards and Task Lists requirements documentation techniques. What are some of the advantages of using story cards and task lists as a requirements gathering and documentation technique?

Question 64

What are the three types of interview questions? Define and identify why an analyst would use each type of question. Include an example of each question type.

Question 65

Briefly explain the external and internal quality dimensions in ISO9000.

Question 66

What are the methods used to identify improvement opportunities during business process reengineering? How do the methods used for each analysis strategy affect the outcome of the "identify improvement" process?

Question 67

What is the primary goal of observation? What are three ways to make observation more effective? How reliable are the results of observation?

Question 68

Describe the appearance of a Joint Application Design (JAD) meeting room. Why is the room designed in this manner?

Question 69

Virtually all of the quality models differentiate functional and non-functional requirements.

Question 70

What are the methods used to identify improvement opportunities during business process improvement? How do the methods used for each analysis strategy affect the outcome of the "identify improvement" process?

Question 71

Document analysis and observation are two requirement gathering techniques. Briefly describe each and compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages.

Question 72

Briefly explain the non-functional requirements and functional requirements in software quality.

Question 73

During an interview, the analyst has been asking about the process used to identify and correct the number of poor-quality products produced on a manufacturing line.
The analyst commented, "This process seems way too slow and complicated. I don't know how you people can function if this is the way things are done." Is this an appropriate comment for the interviewer to make? Why or why not?

Question 74

The executive summary in system proposal provides all critical information in a very detail form.

Question 75

What are the three fundamental analysis strategies? Compare and contrast the outcomes of each strategy.

Question 76

Briefly describe the primary advantage that concept maps have over traditional textual requirements documents techniques?

Question 77

Describe the most common way that the analyst organizes the interview process in terms of structured versus unstructured, and also in terms of open-ended, closed-ended, and probing questions.

Question 78

What two techniques are best suited for gathering information during all three stages of the information-gathering process (As-Is, improvements, and To-Be)? Discuss the user involvement and cost, as well as the depth, breadth, and integration of information for each.

Question 79

Briefly describe the information is typically included in a system proposal?