Deck 1: Pig Dissection Exercises

Question 1

Which group of muscles covers the ventral surface of the chest?

A) trapezius group
B) deltoid group
C) rhomboideus group
D) pectoralis group

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which muscle is located at the axillary border of the scapula where it originates?

A) splenius
B) supraspinatus
C) infraspinatus
D) rhomboideus thoracis
E) teres major

Answer 2

E

Question 3

In pigs, the trapezius group of muscles is composed of three distinct muscles. How many muscle(s) make up the trapezius in humans?

A) three
B) two
C) one
D) four

Answer 3

C

Question 4

To begin dissecting the pig, place it ________ side down on the dissecting tray.

A) ventral
B) caudal
C) cephalic
D) dorsal

Question 5

Which group of muscles covers the dorsal surface of the neck and scapula?

A) pectoralis group
B) deltoid group
C) rhomboideus group
D) trapezius group

Question 6

Which statement regarding the storage of your pig is the most correct?

A) The pig should be dried and then stored in a sealed bag.
B) The pig should be stored in a sealed bag covered in distilled water.
C) The pig should be stored in a sealed bag with exposed muscles covered with paper towels that have been dampened with fixative.
D) The pig should be stored on the dissecting pan without any coverings.

Question 7

Which group of muscles connects the spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae with the vertebral border of the scapula?

A) trapezius group
B) rhomboideus group
C) intercostal group
D) pectoralis group

Question 8

Identify the longissimus dorsi in the following figure.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 9

How should the skin be separated from the underlying fascia?

A) use your fingers or a blunt probe to separate the skin from the underlying muscle and connective tissues
B) use the scalpel to separate the skin from the underlying muscle and connective tissues
C) use the pointed end of a pair of scissors to separate the skin from the underlying muscle and connective tissues

Question 10

Identify the spinotrapezius in the following figure.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 11

Which term refers to the ventral surface of a four-legged animal?

A) inferior
B) superior
C) caudal
D) cephalic

Question 12

Which muscle of the neck functions to elevate the mandible?

A) masseter
B) mylohyoid
C) digastric
D) sternohyoid
E) sternomastoid

Question 13

Where should the first incision be made when dissecting a pig?

A) on the lateral side of the ventral surface near the umbilical cord
B) on the midline of the ventral surface at the base of the neck
C) on the lateral side of the dorsal surface near the neck
D) on the midline of the dorsal surface just anterior to the tail

Question 14

Which of the following muscles is NOT located in the neck?

A) sternohyoid
B) sternomastoid
C) teres major
D) digastric
E) mylohyoid

Question 15

Identify the brachiocephalic in the following figure.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 16

Identify the masseter in the following figure.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 17

Which term refers to the tail end of a four-legged animal?

A) caudal
B) superior
C) inferior
D) cephalic

Question 18

Which muscle of the neck functions to turn and depress the head?

A) sternohyoid
B) mylohyoid
C) digastric
D) sternomastoid

Question 19

Which of the following is a large, flat muscle that lies posterior to the trapezius group?

A) latissimus dorsi
B) sternohyoid
C) deltoid
D) supraspinatus

Question 20

Which muscle is a broad, flat, thin muscle that covers most of the lateral surface of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae?

A) splenius
B) supraspinatus
C) infraspinatus
D) rhomboideus thoracis
E) teres major

Question 21

Identify the linea alba in the following figure.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 22

Which of the abdominal muscles listed is the most superficial and lateral?

A) rectus abdominis
B) internal oblique
C) transverse abdominis
D) external oblique

Question 23

Identify the semimembranosus in the following figure.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 24

Identify the anterior deep pectoral in the following figure.

A) A
B) B
C) C

Question 25

Identify the brachiocephalic.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 26

Identify the posterior deep pectoralin the following figure.

A) A
B) B
C) C

Question 27

Which muscle is correctly matched to its origin and insertion?

A) pectineus; originates on the crest of the ilium and inserts into the fascia lata
B) sartorius; originates on the ischium and pubic symphysis and inserts on the medial surface of the tibia
C) gracilis; originates on the ischial tuberosity and inserts on the tibia
D) gluteus medius; originates on the ilium and the transverse processes of the last sacral and first caudal vertebrae and inserts on the femur

Question 28

Which of the four abdominal muscles listed below do all of the other three muscles insert on?

A) transverse abdominis
B) internal oblique
C) rectus abdominis
D) external oblique

Question 29

Identify the brachialis in the following figure.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 30

Which of the following muscles functions to extend the foot?

A) gastrocnemius
B) flexor digitorum longus
C) fibularis longus
D) fibularis tertius
E) extensor digitorum longus

Question 31

Which muscle functions to adduct and rotate the femur as well as extend the tibia?

A) gluteus medius
B) gracilis
C) sartorius
D) pectineus

Question 32

Which of the three muscles of the pig pectoralis group is NOT found in humans?

A) superficial pectoral
B) posterior deep pectoralis major
C) anterior deep pectoralis minor

Question 33

Which of the following muscles is NOT a component of the quadriceps femoris?

A) biceps femoris
B) vastus lateralis
C) vastus intermedius
D) vastus medialis
E) rectus femoris

Question 34

How many points of origin does the triceps brachii have?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 35

The biceps brachii functions as which of the following?

A) a flexor of the forelimb
B) an extensor of the forelimb
C) a supinator of the paw
D) an extensor of the carpal joints
E) a flexor of the digits

Question 36

In pigs, the pectoralis group of muscles consists of ________ muscles, while in humans it consists of ________.

A) one; three
B) two; three
C) three; one
D) three; two

Question 37

Which muscle is located on the ventrolateral surface of the humerus and functions to flex the forelimb?

A) biceps brachii
B) brachialis
C) triceps brachii
D) brachioradialis

Question 38

Identify the rectus abdominis in the following figure.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 39

Which muscle of the quadriceps femoris group lies deep to the rectus femoris?

A) vastus intermedius
B) vastus lateralis
C) vastus medialis
D) semimembranosus

Question 40

Which muscle of the hamstring group functions to extend the thigh?

A) biceps femoris
B) semitendinosus
C) semimembranosus
D) vastus lateralis

Question 41

Identify the radial nerve in the following figure.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 42

Identify the ulnar nerve in the following figure.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 43

Identify the nerve plexus at the tip of the arrow in the following figure.

A) sacral plexus
B) brachial plexus
C) lumbar plexus
D) cervical plexus

Question 44

Which two muscles act antagonistically?

A) tibialis anterior; fibularis longus
B) flexor digitorum longus; gastrocnemius
C) gastrocnemius; soleus
D) extensor digitorum longus; flexor digitorum longus

Question 45

The spinal nerves are formed by the ________.

A) dorsal and ventral roots
B) pia mater
C) dura mater

Question 46

To dissect the spinal cord, you must first cut through this, the outermost layer of the meninges.

A) dura mater
B) arachnoid mater
C) pia mater

Question 47

Identify the thymus gland in the following figure.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 48

Identify the sciatic nerve in the following figure.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 49

Which muscle lies deep to the gastrocnemius?

A) tibialis anterior
B) fibularis longus
C) extensor digitorum longus
D) soleus

Question 50

Which of the following muscles is correctly matched to its origin and insertion?

A) fibularis brevis; originates on the fibula and inserts on the base of the fifth metatarsal
B) fibularis longus; originates on the tibial tuberosity and inserts on each of the five digits
C) gastrocnemius; originates on the proximal ends of the tibia and fibula and inserts on the first metatarsal
D) tibialis anterior; originates on the femur and inserts on the calcaneus
E) extensor digitorum longus; originates on the lateral epicondyle of the femur and inserts on each of the five digits

Question 51

Damage to the radial nerve would impact which muscle?

A) triceps brachii
B) biceps brachii
C) coracobrachialis
D) pectoralis

Question 52

Which nerve extends along the lateral side of the hindlimb?

A) musculocutaneous nerve
B) tibial nerve
C) median nerve
D) common fibular nerve

Question 53

In the spinal cord, the ________ matter is deep to the ________ matter.

A) white; gray
B) gray; white

Question 54

The common fibular nerve and the tibial nerve branch from which nerve?

A) musculocutaneous nerve
B) femoral nerve
C) ulnar nerve
D) sciatic nerve

Question 55

Both pigs and humans have pairs of spinal nerves extending from the spinal cord. While pigs have between 38 to 40 pairs, humans typically have ________ pairs.

A) 6
B) 12
C) 24
D) 31

Question 56

Which of these is NOT a nerve of the brachial plexus?

A) musculocutaneous nerve
B) radial nerve
C) ulnar nerve
D) median nerve
E) phrenic nerve

Question 57

List the layers of the meningeal membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord from most superficial to deepest: 1. Pia mater
2) Arachnoid mater
3) Dura mater

A) 3, 2, 1
B) 1, 2, 3
C) 1, 3, 2
D) 3, 1, 2
E) 2, 3, 1

Question 58

Which nerve supplies the coracobrachial and biceps brachii muscles of the ventral forelimb and the skin of the forelimb?

A) radial nerve
B) musculocutaneous nerve
C) median nerve
D) ulnar nerve

Question 59

The sciatic nerve extends from which nerve plexus?

A) cervical
B) sacral
C) brachial

Question 60

Identify the gastrocnemius in the following figure.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 61

Identify the arterial vessel that gives rise to all major arteries EXCEPT those that supply the lungs.

A) aorta
B) pulmonary trunk
C) ligamentum arteriosum
D) anterior vena cava
E) celiac trunk

Question 62

As the axillary artery enters the forelimb, it becomes the ________.

A) costocervical artery
B) brachial artery
C) femoral artery
D) radial artery
E) ulnar artery

Question 63

Which blood vessel supplies blood to the deep muscles of the neck and shoulder and to the first two costal interspaces?

A) costocervical artery
B) intercostal artery
C) subscapular artery
D) long thoracic artery
E) ventral thoracic artery

Question 64

Identify the gland that produces calcitonin, T3, and T4.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 65

Which blood vessel supplies blood to the pericardium, mediastinum, and the diaphragm?

A) ventral thoracic artery
B) vertebral artery
C) internal mammary artery
D) internal maxillary artery

Question 66

In humans, the large vessel that drains blood from the head, neck, and upper limbs is called the ________ vena cava; in pigs this vessel is called the ________ vena cava.

A) superior; anterior
B) superior; inferior
C) inferior; posterior
D) inferior; superior
E) inferior; anterior

Question 67

The adrenal medulla secretes which hormone during times of excitement, stress, and exercise?

A) thymosin
B) norepinephrine
C) testosterone
D) erythropoietin
E) mineralcorticoids

Question 68

The thyroid gland secretes which of these hormones?

A) renin and erythropoietin
B) insulin and glucagon
C) mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens
D) estrogen and testosterone
E) T3, T4, and calcitonin

Question 69

Which hormone is correctly matched to its function?

A) erythropoietin; stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells
B) thymosin; regulates serum glucose levels
C) T3 and T4; stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells
D) insulin; prepares the uterus for gestation of an embryo
E) mineralcorticoids; stimulates maturation and maintenance of the male sex organs

Question 70

Blood leaving the right ventricle enters which blood vessel?

A) pulmonary vein
B) aorta
C) coronary artery
D) anterior vena cava
E) pulmonary trunk

Question 71

Which organ, located in the female pelvic cavity, produces estrogen?

A) ovary
B) testis
C) pancreas
D) parathyroid gland
E) thyroid gland

Question 72

Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

A) arteries
B) veins
C) capillaries

Question 73

The fetal pulmonary trunk is attached to the fetal aorta via the ________.

A) ductus arteriosus
B) ligamentum arteriosum
C) brachiocephalic artery
D) left subclavian artery

Question 74

The celiac trunk branches off the ________.

A) left gastric artery
B) aortic arch
C) thoracic aorta
D) hepatic artery
E) abdominal aorta

Question 75

Identify the adrenal gland in the following figure.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 76

Identify the aortic arch in the following figure.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 77

Which artery supplies blood to the brachium?

A) axillary artery
B) esophageal arteries
C) subscapular artery
D) costocervical artery

Question 78

Which hormone functions to increase glucose levels in the blood?

A) glucagon
B) insulin
C) thymosin
D) calcitonin

Question 79

Identify the gland that produces mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and norepinephrine.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 80

The human aortic arch has three major branches: the brachiocephalic, the left common carotid, and the left subclavian artery. Which of these three arteries does NOT branch off from the aortic arch in a pig?

A) left common carotid artery
B) brachiocephalic artery
C) left subclavian artery