Deck 26: Respiratory Drugs

Question 1

High doses and prolonged or excessive use of nasal decongestants is potentially harmful because these drugs:

A)can increase heart rate.
B)can increase blood pressure.
C)can mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Answer 1

all of the above

Question 2

The primary problem associated with most traditional sedative and antihistamine medications is:

A)increased coughing.
B)watery eyes.
C)runny nose.
D)gastric ulcers.
E)sedation.

Answer 2

sedation.

Question 3

Cromones such as cromolyn sodium and nedocromil sodium can help prevent airway irritation and bronchospasm in people with asthma by:

A)inhibiting acetylcholine release from airway smooth muscle.
B)stimulating histamine receptors on airway smooth muscle.
C)blocking histamine receptors on airway smooth muscle.
D)inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes from pulmonary mast cells.
E)enhancing the release of endogenous anti-inflammatory substances such as cortisol from the adrenal cortex.

Answer 3

inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes from pulmonary mast cells.

Question 4

Drugs that antagonize (block)the H1 subtype of histamine receptors:

A)are effective in treating gastric ulcers.
B)are effective in treating sedation.
C)are known as antihistamines.
D)all of the above
E)A and B

Question 5

To produce bronchodilation selectively,a drug should _____ receptors in airway smooth muscle.

A)stimulate beta-1
B)inhibit beta-1
C)stimulate beta-2
D)inhibit beta-2
E)stimulate alpha-1

Question 6

Drugs that decrease the viscosity of respiratory secretions are known as _______,whereas drugs that facilitate the production and ejection of mucus are known as ________.

A)expectorants;mucolytics
B)mucolytics;expectorants
C)antihistamines;bronchodilators
D)bronchodilators;antihistamines
E)antitussives;anticholinergics

Question 7

Overuse of beta agonists should be avoided in people with bronchospastic disease because:

A)excessive use of these drugs may cause tolerance.
B)excessive use may stimulate the cardiovascular and central nervous systems.
C)excessive use of these drugs may promote airway irritation,thus increasing the incidence and severity of bronchospastic attacks.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 8

Drugs that inhibit the production or effects of leukotrienes are helpful in treating bronchospastic disease because:

A)leukotrienes are especially important in mediating the airway inflammation that underlies bronchoconstrictive disease.
B)these drugs can be combined with other drugs (glucocorticoids,beta agonists)to provide optimal management in specific patients with asthma and COPD.
C)these drugs are generally safe and well tolerated.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above;drugs that inhibit the production or effects of leukotrienes are not helpful in treating bronchospastic disease.

Question 9

To minimize muscle wasting,bone loss,and other side effects associated with anti-inflammatory steroids (glucocorticoids),it is preferred that these drugs be administered _____ to control airway inflammation in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

A)orally
B)intramuscularly
C)subcutaneously
D)transcutaneously
E)by inhalation

Question 10

Most common nasal decongestants act by _____ receptors in the nasal mucosa.

A)stimulating alpha-1
B)inhibiting alpha-1
C)stimulating beta-1
D)inhibiting beta-1
E)stimulating histamine

Question 11

Which of the following drugs will promote bronchodilation?

A)Drugs that stimulate acetylcholine receptors on airway smooth muscle
B)Drugs that block (antagonize)beta-2 receptors on airway smooth muscle
C)Xanthine derivatives such as theophylline (Aerolate,others)
D)All of these drugs cause bronchodilation
E)None of these drugs cause bronchodilation

Question 12

Newer "second-generation" antihistamines such as cetirizine (Zyrtec)and desloratidine (Clarinex)may be preferred to traditional antihistamines because these newer drugs:

A)cross the blood brain barrier more easily than traditional drugs.
B)produce less gastric irritation than traditional drugs.
C)bind to more subtypes of histamine receptors (i.e. ,newer drugs are less selective for the H1 receptor subtype).
D)all of the above
E)none of the above