Question 1

High doses and prolonged or excessive use of nasal decongestants is potentially harmful because these drugs:

Accepted Answer

High doses and prolonged or excessive use of nasal decongestants can increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, and mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, leading to potential harm. Therefore, choice D (all of the above) is the best answer.

Question 2

The primary problem associated with most traditional sedative and antihistamine medications is:

Accepted Answer

Sedation is the primary problem associated with most traditional sedative and antihistamine medications. These medications can make people drowsy and impair their ability to perform tasks that require alertness, such as driving or operating machinery.

Question 3

Cromones such as cromolyn sodium and nedocromil sodium can help prevent airway irritation and bronchospasm in people with asthma by:

Accepted Answer

Cromones such as cromolyn sodium and nedocromil sodium work by inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes from pulmonary mast cells, thus preventing airway irritation and bronchospasm in people with asthma. They do not stimulate or block histamine receptors on airway smooth muscle, inhibit acetylcholine release from airway smooth muscle or enhance the release of endogenous anti-inflammatory substances such as cortisol from the adrenal cortex.

Question 4

Drugs that antagonize (block)the H1 subtype of histamine receptors:

Accepted Answer

Drugs that antagonize the H1 subtype of histamine receptors are known as antihistamines. While they may have other effects, such as treating sedation, their primary classification is as antihistamines.

Question 5

To produce bronchodilation selectively,a drug should _____ receptors in airway smooth muscle.

Accepted Answer

Stimulating beta-2 receptors in airway smooth muscle leads to bronchodilation.

Question 6

Drugs that decrease the viscosity of respiratory secretions are known as _______,whereas drugs that facilitate the production and ejection of mucus are known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Drugs that decrease the viscosity of respiratory secretions are known as mucolytics, whereas drugs that facilitate the production and ejection of mucus are known as expectorants. Therefore, option B, where mucolytics are followed by expectorants, is the correct answer. The other options do not correctly match the definitions of the drug categories.

Question 7

Overuse of beta agonists should be avoided in people with bronchospastic disease because:

Accepted Answer

Excessive use of beta agonists may cause tolerance, stimulate the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, and promote airway irritation, thus increasing the incidence and severity of bronchospastic attacks.

Question 8

Drugs that inhibit the production or effects of leukotrienes are helpful in treating bronchospastic disease because:

Accepted Answer

Leukotrienes play a significant role in airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction, making their inhibitors useful in treating bronchospastic diseases. These drugs can be combined with others for optimal management and are generally safe and well tolerated.

Question 9

To minimize muscle wasting,bone loss,and other side effects associated with anti-inflammatory steroids (glucocorticoids),it is preferred that these drugs be administered _____ to control airway inflammation in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Accepted Answer

When anti-inflammatory steroids are administered by inhalation, the medication is delivered directly to the lungs and airways, resulting in less systemic absorption and therefore fewer side effects such as muscle wasting and bone loss. In addition, inhalation allows for lower doses of steroids to be effective, further reducing the risk of side effects. Therefore, inhalation is the preferred method of administration for controlling airway inflammation in asthma and COPD.

Question 10

Most common nasal decongestants act by _____ receptors in the nasal mucosa.

Accepted Answer

Most nasal decongestants act by stimulating alpha-1 receptors in the nasal mucosa, which causes vasoconstriction and reduces swelling in the nasal passages.

Question 11

Which of the following drugs will promote bronchodilation?

Accepted Answer

Xanthine derivatives such as theophylline have been shown to promote bronchodilation in individuals with asthma and other respiratory conditions by relaxing the smooth muscle in the airways. Drugs that stimulate acetylcholine receptors on airway smooth muscle (choice A) would have the opposite effect, leading to bronchoconstriction. Drugs that block (antagonize) beta-2 receptors on airway smooth muscle (choice B) would also lead to bronchoconstriction, as beta-2 receptors are responsible for promoting bronchodilation. Therefore, choice C is the best option for promoting bronchodilation.

Question 12

Newer "second-generation" antihistamines such as cetirizine (Zyrtec)and desloratidine (Clarinex)may be preferred to traditional antihistamines because these newer drugs:

Accepted Answer

Second-generation antihistamines are preferred because they do not easily cross the blood-brain barrier, reducing sedation, and they are more selective for the H1 receptor, not less. They also do not typically cause less gastric irritation.

Quiz 26: Respiratory Drugs

High doses and prolonged or excessive use of nasal decongestants is potentially harmful because these drugs:

The primary problem associated with most traditional sedative and antihistamine medications is:

Cromones such as cromolyn sodium and nedocromil sodium can help prevent airway irritation and bronchospasm in people with asthma by:

Drugs that antagonize (block) the H1 subtype of histamine receptors:

To produce bronchodilation selectively,a drug should _____ receptors in airway smooth muscle.

Drugs that decrease the viscosity of respiratory secretions are known as _,whereas drugs that facilitate the production and ejection of mucus are known as __.

Overuse of beta agonists should be avoided in people with bronchospastic disease because:

Drugs that inhibit the production or effects of leukotrienes are helpful in treating bronchospastic disease because:

To minimize muscle wasting,bone loss,and other side effects associated with anti-inflammatory steroids (glucocorticoids) ,it is preferred that these drugs be administered _____ to control airway inflammation in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) .

Most common nasal decongestants act by _____ receptors in the nasal mucosa.

Which of the following drugs will promote bronchodilation?

Newer "second-generation" antihistamines such as cetirizine (Zyrtec) and desloratidine (Clarinex) may be preferred to traditional antihistamines because these newer drugs: