Deck 14: Substance Use and Gambling Disorders

Question 1

Franco has fallen ill and lost his job, and his wife has left him due to his problem with heroin.His friends and family are telling him that he is an addict most likely because he is exhibiting:

A)substance withdrawal.
B)substance tolerance.
C)substance intoxication.
D)substance dependence.

Answer 1

substance dependence.

Question 2

Which of the following substances has a relatively low risk for tolerance?

A)Nicotine
B)Alcohol
C)Opioids
D)Cannabis

Answer 2

Cannabis

Question 3

Which of the following is a central nervous system depressant?

A)Cocaine
B)Nicotine
C)Cannabis
D)Alcohol

Answer 3

Alcohol

Question 4

Alcohol is considered a ________ because it ________.

A)stimulant; makes people less inhibited in their behavior
B)depressant; slows the central nervous system
C)stimulant; activates the brain
D)stimulant; activates the sex drive

Question 5

The diagnosis of ________ disorder is given in the DSM-5 when a person demonstrates impaired control, the continued use of substances despite negative social, occupational, and health consequences, risky use, as well as evidence of tolerance and withdrawal.

A)substance withdrawal
B)substance use
C)alcohol intoxication
D)substance independence

Question 6

Which term refers to alcohol-induced amnesia for the events that occurred while one was intoxicated?

A)Coma
B)Deprivation
C)Blackout
D)Flash

Question 7

Which of the following is cited as a reason why people in countries such as France show lower rates of alcohol-related substance disorders than do people in other countries?

A)Alcohol is usually consumed with meals in France.
B)Alcohol is freely available in France.
C)The low blood-alcohol level for determining whether a person is under the influence of alcohol acts as a deterrent.
D)Despite Americans' beliefs to the contrary, alcohol is not consumed in very large quantities in France.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true about the global use of alcohol?

A)More men than women abstain from alcohol use.
B)More women than men abstain from alcohol use.
C)Women and men abstain from alcohol use at about the same rate.
D)Trying to determine alcohol use on a global scale has been impossible to date.

Question 9

Hank began snorting cocaine about three years ago.He said the first high was the most astounding, exciting, mind-blowing experience he'd ever had.However, he has never been able to recapture that initial euphoria, and now he needs more and more of cocaine to get anywhere near his first experience.Hank has most likely:

A)developed a tolerance to cocaine.
B)transferred his dependence to some other substance.
C)developed symptoms of withdrawal.
D)used cocaine that is of inferior quality.

Question 10

Clea has been using cocaine daily for a while now.However, for the past 24 hours, she has been without any cocaine and as a result is experiencing strange behaviors and physiological responses.Clea is most likely showing signs of:

A)substance intoxication.
B)substance withdrawal.
C)tolerance.
D)a drive-control disorder.

Question 11

________ is present when a person experiences less effect from the same dose of a substance and needs more and more of it to achieve intoxication.

A)Impulse-control disorder
B)Behavioral under-control
C)Tolerance
D)Withdrawal

Question 12

Which of the following is one of the four categories of harmful consequences that suggest substance abuse?

A)The individual fails to fulfill important obligations at work, home, or school as a result of substance use.
B)The individual uses the substance only in situations in which it is not physically hazardous to do so.
C)The individual stops using the substance because of legal problems in the past.
D)The individual displays substance tolerance-diminished effects from the same dose of a substance.

Question 13

The DSM-5 authors have combined substance abuse and dependence into one diagnosis called:

A)substance use disorder.
B)substance abuse disorder.
C)substance dependence disorder.
D)drug-related disorder.

Question 14

________ is a set of physiological and behavioral symptoms that result when people who have been using substances heavily for prolonged periods of time stop or greatly reduce their use.

A)Substance withdrawal
B)Substance intoxication
C)Substance abuse
D)Substance dependence

Question 15

The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder includes ongoing substance use despite recurring social or relationship difficulties.Why have the DSM-5 authors removed the DSM-IV criterion regarding legal problems?

A)Because of its low prevalence
B)Because it falls inside the realm of regulation
C)Because substance use disorders are a criminal offense
D)Because the term "legal" has negative connotations

Question 16

A substance is defined as any:

A)drug that has psychedelic effects.
B)over-the-counter prescription drug.
C)product that could potentially create an addiction.
D)natural or synthesized product that has psychoactive effects.

Question 17

Globally, approximately ________ percent of people over the age of 15 abstain from alcohol

A)23
B)44
C)62
D)68

Question 18

Mac took a capsule at a party earlier in the evening and is now showing changes in the functions of his central nervous system that are manifesting in both behavior and physiology.He is most likely experiencing:

A)substance intoxication.
B)substance withdrawal.
C)tolerance.
D)a drive-control disorder.

Question 19

Celeste went to a fraternity party on Saturday night and had too much to drink.Although the last thing she remembers is dancing with Paul, she does not recollect how she got home.Celeste is most likely experiencing:

A)alcohol-induced dementia.
B)delirium tremens.
C)abstinence violation.
D)a blackout.

Question 20

________ is a set of behavioral and psychological changes that occur as a result of the physiological effects of a substance on the central nervous system.

A)Substance withdrawal
B)Substance intoxication
C)Substance tolerance
D)Substance avoidance

Question 21

Which of the following is a reason why the strong age differences in alcohol use disorders decline with age?

A)With age, the liver metabolizes alcohol at a faster rate.
B)The increasing percentage of body water decreases the absorption of alcohol.
C)Older people are financially more secure than younger ones.
D)People who have used alcohol excessively may die before they reach old age.

Question 22

Cocaine prevents the reuptake of ________ into the transmitting neuron, causing it to accumulate in the synapse and maintaining the pleasurable feeling associated with cocaine use.

A)serotonin
B)epinephrine
C)dopamine
D)prolactin

Question 23

Jim is over at a friend's house to pregame before going out.He takes a substance that provides an instant rush of euphoria followed by heightened self-esteem, alertness, energy, and feelings of competence.He begins taking the substance regularly and develops symptoms such as grandiosity, hypersexuality, and impulsive behavior.He has most likely taken:

A)opiates.
B)cocaine.
C)benzodiazepines.
D)alcohol.

Question 24

Alicia's doctor has prescribed Alicia helpful medication to help with her anxiety and insomnia.Which of the following class of medications did he most likely prescribe?

A)Amphetamines
B)Opioids
C)Benzodiazepines
D)Phencyclidine

Question 25

Which of the following characterizes the first stage of alcohol withdrawal?

A)Tremulousness, weakness, and profuse perspiration
B)Collapse of the peripheral vascular system
C)Convulsive seizures
D)Auditory, visual, and tactile hallucinations

Question 26

Strong age differences in alcohol use disorders

A)decline as people age.
B)neither increase nor decrease as people age.
C)increase substantially as people age.
D)increase marginally as people age.

Question 27

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of delirium tremens?

A)Auditory hallucinations
B)Convulsive seizures
C)Shakes and jitters
D)Hypothermia

Question 28

Which of the following is true of freebase cocaine?

A)It is less addictive than benzodiazepines.
B)It is mostly taken intravenously or snorted.
C)It is usually smoked in a water pipe or mixed in a tobacco or marijuana cigarette.
D)It is a form of crack boiled down into tiny chunks, or rocks, and usually smoked.

Question 29

Deaths related to alcohol are as much as five times more common among ________ than in the general U.S.population.

A)African Americans
B)Asian immigrants
C)Latinos
D)Native Americans

Question 30

Which of the following are legally manufactured and sold by prescription, usually as sedatives for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia?

A)Amphetamines
B)Opioids
C)Benzodiazepines
D)Phencyclidines

Question 31

Low-grade hypertension, combined with increases in the levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein, puts alcohol abusers mostly at increased risk for:

A)diabetes.
B)hypothermia.
C)heart disease.
D)brain hemorrhage.

Question 32

Most U.S.states consider a person to be under the influence of alcohol if his or her blood-alcohol level is ________ or above.

A)0.01
B)0.15
C)0.45
D)0.08

Question 33

Which of these is one of the most common medical conditions associated with alcohol misuse?

A)Delirium tremens
B)Low-grade hypertension
C)Hyperthermia
D)Collapse of the peripheral vascular system

Question 34

Which of the following contains antioxidants that can increase "good" cholesterol, along with other chemicals that can help prevent damage to blood vessels and reduce "bad" cholesterol, producing positive cardiac effects?

A)Beer
B)Red wine
C)Whiskey
D)Cognac

Question 35

The second stage of alcohol withdrawal includes ________, which may begin as soon as 12 hours after drinking stops but more often appear(s)during the second or third day.

A)delirium tremens
B)hyperthermia
C)convulsive seizures
D)tactile hallucinations

Question 36

The third stage of alcohol withdrawal is typically characterized by:

A)convulsive seizures.
B)the "jitters."
C)headaches, nausea, and abdominal cramps.
D)delirium tremens.

Question 37

________ involves the loss of intellectual abilities, including memory, abstract thinking, judgment, and problem solving, and is often accompanied by personality changes such as increased paranoia.

A)Wernicke's encephalopathy
B)Korsakoff's syndrome
C)Reward deficiency syndrome
D)Substance-induced dementia

Question 38

Pedro is at a party and has taken a substance that has made him euphoric and disinhibited; he then experiences lethargy, loss of coordination, and other signs of central nervous system depression.He has most likely taken:

A)amphetamines.
B)cocaine.
C)benzodiazepines.
D)coffee.

Question 39

Binge drinking is defined as consuming:

A)different types of drinks in moderate quantities in one sitting.
B)five or more drinks within a couple of hours for men.
C)two to three drinks early in the morning.
D)three or more drinks within a span of two hours for women.

Question 40

Which of the following makes cocaine more likely than most substances to lead to a stimulant use disorder?

A)It's easy availability
B)The absence of short-term health problems
C)Symptoms of fatigue and insomnia upon withdrawal
D)Its rapid, strong effects on the brain's reward centers

Question 41

During opioid intoxication, a person may experience periods of light sleep with vivid dreams.A person in this state is referred to as being:

A)in the twilight zone.
B)over the moon.
C)under the weather.
D)on the nod.

Question 42

On the street, ________ are known as "speed," "meth," and "chalk."

A)amphetamines
B)benzodiazepines
C)barbiturates
D)opioids

Question 43

Which of the following is a natural opioid produced by the human body?

A)Codeine
B)Etorphine
C)Endorphin
D)Alfentanil

Question 44

Which of the following observations about tobacco use is true?

A)Tobacco use has increased in the United States over the past few decades.
B)Tobacco use has increased in most industrialized countries over the past few decades.
C)Tobacco use is increasing in developing countries over the past few decades.
D)Tobacco use is banned in all highly developed countries.

Question 45

Which of the following is an example of a stimulant?

A)Amphetamines
B)Barbiturates
C)Alcohol
D)Benzodiazepines

Question 46

Morphine, heroin, codeine, and methadone are all:

A)amphetamines.
B)benzodiazepines.
C)barbiturates.
D)opioids.

Question 47

Which of the following is often the initial symptom of opioid intoxication?

A)Euphoria
B)Drowsiness
C)Vivid dreams
D)A blackout

Question 48

________ are stimulants prescribed for the treatment of attention problems, narcolepsy, and chronic fatigue.

A)Barbiturates
B)Amphetamines
C)Benzodiazepines
D)Opioids

Question 49

Which of the following was widely used as a pain reliever in the nineteenth century, until it was found to be highly addictive?

A)Codeine
B)Morphine
C)Nicotine
D)Methadone

Question 50

All of the following are withdrawal symptoms associated with opioids, EXCEPT:

A)dysphoric mood.
B)nausea.
C)delirium tremens.
D)fever.

Question 51

Which of the following is an alkaloid found in tobacco?

A)Tryptophan
B)Ecgonine
C)Caffeine
D)Nicotine

Question 52

Identify the physiological effects of nicotine.

A)They resemble a fight-or-flight response.
B)They reduce the physiological symptoms of stress and anxiety.
C)They suppress several biochemicals including dopamine and norepinephrine.
D)They reduce the craving to smoke more.

Question 53

________ is by far the most heavily used stimulant.

A)Nicotine
B)Amphetamine
C)Cocaine
D)Caffeine

Question 54

Approximately ________ deaths occur in the United States each year due to smoking-related illness.

A)57,000
B)240,000
C)340,000
D)480,000

Question 55

Amphetamines release the neurotransmitters ________ and block their reuptake.

A)acetylcholine and adenosine
B)glutamate and aspartate
C)epinephrine and serotonin
D)dopamine and norepinephrine

Question 56

Rates of smoking have decreased consistently since

A)1998.
B)2005.
C)2010.
D)2016.

Question 57

Which of the following statements about e-cigarettes is not true?

A)The rising popularity of e-cigarettes has been particularly noticeable younger people.
B)E-cigarettes are now the most commonly used tobacco product among youth in the United States.
C)12 percent of middle school students report using e-cigarettes.
D)11 percent of high school students report using e-cigarettes.

Question 58

Which of the following is typically reduced due to caffeine intake?

A)Appetite
B)Metabolism
C)Body temperature
D)Blood pressure

Question 59

Which of the following observations is true of cocaine?

A)Its effects wear off quickly.
B)It is one of the few substances immune to the development of tolerance.
C)It has been tried at least once by 80 percent of high school graduates in the United States.
D)Its use has increased drastically since the mid-1980s.

Question 60

Which of the following is true of amphetamine use?

A)The symptoms of amphetamine intoxication and cocaine intoxication are completely different.
B)Like cocaine, amphetamines can produce perceptual illusions.
C)Tolerance and physical dependence develops slowly over a lengthy period of time.
D)The abuse of cocaine and amphetamines has reduced in recent years.

Question 61

Which of the following is capable of producing perceptual changes even in small doses?

A)Nicotine
B)Phencyclidine (PCP)
C)Alcohol
D)Caffeine

Question 62

The compound 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine is also known as:

A)cannabis.
B)ecstasy.
C)ketamine.
D)cocaine.

Question 63

Marijuana, weed, pot, grass, reefer, and Mary Jane are terms used to refer to:

A)crack.
B)heroin.
C)cannabis.
D)cocaine.

Question 64

Which of the following statements about opioid use and abuse in the United States is true?

A)The abuse of opioids in the United States has become a national epidemic.
B)Opioid use in the United States has started to level off and even decrease is several parts of the country.
C)The use of oxycodone has increased over the last from 2008 to the present whereas the use of Vicodin has decreased sharply over the same period.
D)The federal government has succeeded in curbing opioid addiction through a vast network of rehabilitation centers.

Question 65

Which of the following statements about cannabis is true?

A)As of 2018, thirty-one states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis in some form for medical reasons.
B)As of 2018, twenty-seven states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis for recreational use.
C)Over 80% of Americans are opposed to the legalization of cannabis.
D)With the advent of vaping, cannabis use has declined significantly since 2011.

Question 66

What is synesthesia?

A)Overflow from one sensory modality to another
B)Psychomotor agitation or retardation
C)Another term for hypervigilance
D)Auditory, visual, and tactile hallucinations

Question 67

Which drug is also known as angel dust, Hog, and Tranq?

A)Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
B)Phencyclidine (PCP)
C)Valium
D)Cannabis

Question 68

Which of the following is the most commonly used illegal drug in the United States?

A)Cannabis
B)Heroin
C)Ecstasy
D)Cocaine

Question 69

Which of the following is a popular prescription opioid pain reliever?

A)Oxycodone
B)Dihydrocodeine
C)Sufentanil
D)Propoxyphene

Question 70

In 2016 alone, ________ million people over the age of 12 misused these drugs, a prevalence of over ________ percent.

A)9; 3
B)11.5; 4
C)14.2; 5
D)18.7; 8

Question 71

Which of the following typically has the stimulant effects of an amphetamine along with occasional hallucinogenic properties?

A)Caffeine
B)Alcohol
C)Cannabis
D)Ecstasy

Question 72

The ________ are a mixed group of substances, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)and peyote.

A)benzodiazepines
B)amphetamines
C)hallucinogens
D)opioids

Question 73

Which of the following observations about inhalants is true?

A)The greatest users of inhalants are older people.
B)Asian teenagers appear to have the highest rates of inhalant use in the United States.
C)Males are more likely than females to use inhalants.
D)Inhalant use is inherently harmless.

Question 74

Which of the following observations is true of the drug phencyclidine (PCP)?

A)It is classified in the DSM-5 as a hallucinogen.
B)It is manufactured as a liquid to be injected.
C)It has many of the same effects as hallucinogens.
D)It is categorized as an opioid.

Question 75

As of 2018, ________ percent of Americans are in favor of complete or partial legalization of cannabis.

A)19
B)27
C)54
D)61

Question 76

When using hallucinogens, people say they hear colors and see sounds.They feel at one with their surroundings, and time seems to pass very slowly.Others feel a sense of detachment and a great sensitivity for art, music, and feelings.Which term is used to describe these experiences?

A)Psychomotor
B)Psychedelic
C)Psychoactive
D)Psychosomatic

Question 77

________ are volatile substances that produce chemical vapors, which can be inhaled and which depress the central nervous system.

A)Barbiturates
B)Amphetamines
C)Opioids
D)Inhalants

Question 78

Which class of inhalants dilates blood vessels and relaxes muscles and are sometimes used as sex enhancers?

A)Nitrites
B)Solvents
C)Anesthetic gases
D)Aerosols

Question 79

Which drug was used in the 1960s as part of the consciousness-expanding movement and led to reports of "bad trips"?

A)Amphetamine
B)Cannabis
C)Phencyclidine (PCP)
D)Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

Question 80

________ may occur during inhalant use due to acute irregularities in heartbeat or loss of oxygen.

A)Fight-or-flight response
B)Sudden sniffing death
C)Delirium tremens
D)Intermittent explosive disorder