Deck 12: Managing Change

Question 1

Induced change refers to planned new institutional arrangements in terms of which of the following?

A)Strategy
B)Structure
C)Technology
D)Human resources
E)All of the choices are correct

Answer 1

E

Question 2

An inert culture is represented by which of the following?

A)fosters innovation
B)encourages resistance to change
C)encourages positive attitudes
D)fosters creativity
E)encourages positive behaviours

Answer 2

B

Question 3

To achieve the state of being on the "edge of chaos," managers must do all but which of the following?

A)Avoid excessive "fit"
B)Rotate people regularly
C)Avoid overreliance on the management team
D)Decrease channels of communication
E)Not set specific objectives

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Padmina wanted to be sure that the changes she had recently overseen stayed in place.She created a bonus system to reward those who followed the new procedures.From the perspective of Lewin's model of change, this is an example of:

A)Refreezing
B)Changing the status quo
C)Moving
D)Unfreezing
E)None of these choices are correct

Question 5

Which of the following are organizational elements that can be changed?

A)Technology
B)People
C)Strategy
D)Structure
E)All these resources can undergo change

Question 6

Which model of change uses 4 D's?

A)Chaos theory
B)Kotter's model of change
C)Appreciative inquiry
D)Lewin's model of change
E)Complexity theory

Question 7

The first four steps of Kotters' model of change relate to Lewin's concept of which of the following?

A)refreezing
B)moving
C)dreaming
D)unfreezing
E)destiny

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT true for managers deciding on the second step in the change process?

A)They must engage in planning how they can best create the ideal future state
B)They must assess the need for change
C)They must identify sources of resistance to change
D)They must decide if the structure should be changed
E)They must decide on what the ideal future state of the organization would be

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT true of evaluating the success of a change?

A)Measures can be used to compare how well the organization is performing after the change with how well it was performing before the change
B)Measures could include market share
C)Benchmarking could be used as a measure of success
D)The success depends on whether the change is from the top down or the bottom up
E)Measures could include profits

Question 10

Which of the following is true of intrapreneurs?

A)Many intrapreneurs become entrepreneurs
B)Many intrapreneurs eventually start their own organizations
C)Many intrapreneurs become dissatisfied in an organization that does not support their creativity
D)Many intrapreneurs will eventually leave their employers
E)All of the choices are correct

Question 11

Which is NOT true of bottom-up change?

A)It is implemented quickly
B)It reduces uncertainty
C)Top managers consult with lower managers about the need for change
D)It reduces resistance to change
E)Lower level managers work with employees to plan the change

Question 12

An adaptive culture is represented by all but which of the following?

A)encourages resistance to change
B)encourages positive behaviours
C)encourages positive attitudes
D)fosters creativity
E)fosters innovation

Question 13

Generally speaking, the __________ complex an organization is, the __________ complex is the change process.

A)less; less
B)more; more
C)less; more
D)more; less
E)none of these choices are correct

Question 14

Factors that direct the organization away from the status quo are termed __________ forces.

A)restraining
B)driving
C)refreezing
D)industry
E)permanent

Question 15

In terms of Lewin's model of change, making the change permanent occurs during the __________ stage.

A)restraining force
B)moving
C)unfreezing
D)refreezing
E)driving force

Question 16

Resistance to change can be overcome by all of the following except:

A)Inviting employees to participate
B)Increasing cynicism
C)Emphasizing big-picture goals
D)Improving communication
E)Empowering employees

Question 17

Janju wanted to change the way things happened in the customer service department.According to Lewin's model Janju must first:

A)Maintain the status quo
B)Construct a process-engineering group
C)Move
D)Unfreeze
E)Refreeze

Question 18

What are the steps involved in the organizational change process?

A)Use benchmarking to compare performance, implement the bottom-up change, overcome obstacles, and evaluate
B)Decide on the change to make, identify the obstacles, introduce the change, and evaluate
C)Use benchmarking to compare performance, implement the top-down change, overcome obstacles, and evaluate
D)Assess the need for change, decide on the change to make, implement the change, and evaluate
E)Assess the need for change, introduce and manage the change, identify and overcome obstacles to the change, and evaluate

Question 19

Organizational change can bring alterations in the ways managers carry out the critical tasks of which of the following?

A)organizing
B)controlling
C)planning
D)leading
E)all of the choices are correct

Question 20

Imposed change is made to comply with new regulations.It may result in:

A)New organizational culture
B)New target markets
C)New strategy
D)New beliefs about how things will be done in the future
E)All of the choices are correct

Question 21

What is meant by the term benchmarking? Who did Xerox benchmark in the 1980s when they were experiencing difficulty?

Question 22

Discuss the Complexity Theory of change.

Question 23

Forces that prevent movement away from the status quo are termed restraining forces.

Question 24

A manager who takes ownership of a project and provides the leadership and vision that take a product from the idea stage to the final customer is called a(n):

A)Product Supervisor
B)Product Champion
C)Skunkwork Leader
D)Innovator
E)Product Follower

Question 25

Which of the following is the first step in the organizational change process?

A)They must engage in planning how they can best create the ideal future state
B)They must decide if the structure should be changed
C)They must decide on what the ideal future state of the organization would be
D)They must identify sources of resistance to change
E)They must assess the need for change SHORT ANSWER.Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Question 26

Identify and briefly describe the three steps in Lewin's model of change.Identify and briefly describe the two sets of forces that operate throughout this model.

Question 27

When shifts in the shared set of beliefs, expectations, values, norms, and work routines influence how members of an organization relate to one another and work together to achieve organizational goals, this is known as what type of change?

A)Technological changes
B)Structural changes
C)Strategic changes
D)Cultural changes
E)None of these choices are correct

Question 28

Compare and contrast imposed and induced organizational change.

Question 29

Describe what is meant by a social entrepreneur? Give an example.

Question 30

Discuss how managers can introduce and manage change from the top-down and from the bottom-up.

Question 31

All of the following are examples of a social entrepreneur, except:

A)Someone who designed a website for sharing electronic fictional and non-fictional books for the school system to use free of charge.
B)Someone who discovered more efficient ways to harvest grains in third world countries.
C)Someone who provides micro credit to poor rural people to start businesses.
D)Someone who developed inexpensive, efficient public transportation.
E)Someone who designed an innovative solution to tracking lost pets.

Question 32

A performance gap is not a good indicator of the need for change.

Question 33

What is innovation? How can managers promote innovation?

Question 34

Recent research has suggested that all of the following are essential elements for managing change in unionized environments in Canada, except:

A)Creating a jointly developed strategic vision for the organization
B)Creating an effective system for resolving day-to-day grievances
C)Creating a way to threaten power relationships
D)Creating a jointly administered education process
E)Creating a nontraditional problem-solving method of negotiating collective agreements

Question 35

Induced change comes from within the organization and may result in:

A)New technology
B)New organizational structure
C)New strategy
D)New human resources
E)All of the choices are correct

Question 36

Managers can use all of the following to measure the success of the change, except:

A)changes in market share
B)changes in profits
C)benchmarking
D)changes in competition
E)changes in the ability of managers to meet their goals

Question 37

Compare and contrast inert and adaptive cultures.

Question 38

Identify and briefly discuss four essential elements for managing change in a unionized environment.

Question 39

All of the following are true of entrepreneurs, except:

A)They are creative
B)They can see new and improved ways to use resources
C)They are risk adverse
D)They notice opportunities
E)The can effectively mobilize resources

Question 40

In terms of Lewin's model of change, changing the status quo occurs during the __________ stage.

A)moving
B)unfreezing
C)restraining force
D)driving force
E)refreezing

Question 41

Assessing the need for change calls for two important activities: recognizing that there is a problem and identifying its source.

Question 42

Induced organizational change refers to planned changes within the organization in terms of strategy, technology, human resources, and organizational structure.

Question 43

Bottom-up change is typically implemented quickly.

Question 44

A skunkworks is a group of intrapreneurs who are highly integrated into several aspects of the normal operation of an organization.

Question 45

The steps in Lewin's model of change involve unfreezing the status quo, moving to the new state, and refreezing the new change to make it permanent.

Question 46

An adaptive culture that encourages positive attitudes and behaviours fosters creativity and innovation.

Question 47

An organization's present strategy and structure can be powerful obstacles to change.

Question 48

The term social innovation refers to finding new ways of solving social problems such as poverty, homelessness, and food security.

Question 49

Complexity theory suggests that organizations respond best to fundamental change if they are poised on the "edge of chaos."

Question 50

Organizations with strong cultures have difficulty adapting to change.

Question 51

Forces that direct behaviour away from the status quo are termed driving forces.

Question 52

People who take responsibility for managing change initiatives are known as change makers.

Question 53

The first step in managing the organizational change process involves deciding on the change to make.

Question 54

Entrepreneurs are employees of existing organizations who notice opportunities for product or service improvements and are responsible for managing the development process.

Question 55

Moving from a 'bricks and mortar' to a 'clicks and mortar' organization presents few challenges for today's managers.

Question 56

When the City of Toronto legislated a ban on smoking in restaurants, all organizations had to accept that change and implement strategies that targeted smokers.This is an example of induced organizational change.

Question 57

An inert culture fosters creativity and innovation.

Question 58

Organizational change is the movement of an organization away from its present state and toward some desired future state to increase its efficiency and effectiveness.

Question 59

Kurt Lewin identified a three-step model that organizations could use to manage change.

Question 60

There are five essential elements for managing change in a unionized environment.

Question 61

There are two ways that organizational change may come about.

Question 62

To manage change in a unionized environment it is important to resolve day-to-day issues and establish new problem-solving arrangements.

Question 63

When managers introduce the change, they must decide whether change will occur from the top down or from the bottom up.

Question 64

The last step in the change process is to evaluate how successful the change effort has been in improving organizational performance.

Question 65

Step two in the process of change includes identifying obstacles and resistance to change.

Question 66

Individuals do not naturally resist change, they embrace it.

Question 67

Organizations with entrepreneurial, flexible cultures, such as high-tech companies, are much easier to change than are organizations with more rigid cultures such as those sometimes found in large bureaucratic organizations.

Question 68

Building on Lewin's three-step model, John Kotter, a professor at Harvard University, created a more detailed eight-step plan for implementing change.

Question 69

Refreezing balances the driving and restraining forces to prevent the old state from arising again.

Question 70

Entrepreneurs are the people who notice opportunities and take responsibility for mobilizing the resources necessary to produce new and improved goods and services.

Question 71

Appreciative inquiry builds a vision of the future of the organization on its current strengths and core competencies.

Question 72

The first step in managing the organizational change process involves assessing the need for change.

Question 73

Innovation is the recruiting and training of entrepreneurs within an organization.

Question 74

Planned new institutional arrangements made to gain a competitive advantage is change that is induced.

Question 75

In an inert culture, employees are content to be told what to do and have little incentive or motivation to perform beyond minimum work requirements.

Question 76

Top-down change is implemented gradually.

Question 77

Complexity theory suggests that organizations respond best to fundamental change if they are poised on the "edge of chaos"; that is, not perfectly aligned with their environments.