Deck 11: Promoting Health and Preventing Disease in Older Persons

Question 1

Good sources of water include which of the following?

A) Tap and bottled water
B) Coffee
C) Alcohol
D) All of these are correct.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following begins with cognitive loss that becomes worse gradually with the extension of cerebral lesions?

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) Cardiovascular disease
C) Multiple sclerosis
D) Cerebral cancer

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following describes a synthetic version of a compound in the electron transport chain that is marketed to older adults as a way to slow aging by improving the immune system? It has been reported that it does not boost immune function and may be dangerous for people with poor circulation.

A) Mega dose multivitamins
B) Coenzyme Q
C) Superoxide dismutase
D) Green coffee extract

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The mean Healthy Eating Index score for 65 years of age or older was ________ out of 100, implying that their diets need improvement.

A) 37.6
B) 67.6
C) 87.6
D) Elderly do not qualify for the HEI assessment tool.

Question 5

The Elderly Nutrition Program provides all of the following services through some of the network's estimated 4,000 nutrition service providers except:

A) nutrition screen.
B) nutrition assessment.
C) community physical activity campaigns.
D) nutrition education.

Question 6

Participants of the Elderly Nutrition Program services had ____________ diversity in their diets and higher intakes of essential nutrients, and they were _______ likely to report food insecurity than nonparticipants.

A) greater/less
B) lower/less
C) lower/more
D) greater/more

Question 7

Approximately 28 percent of individuals older than 65 years who live independently are unable to perform one or more _______________ and 12.9 percent reported difficulties with instrumental activities of daily living without the assistance of another person or the use of physical devices.

A) activities for daily living
B) physical activity maneuvers
C) mental stimulus puzzles
D) basal body functions

Question 8

Which of the following services provides assistance with meal preparation, transportation, bathing, and shopping?

A) Assisted living
B) Hospital
C) Homemaker
D) Meals on wheels

Question 9

Jordan is a newly hired dietitian who needs to refer his client to the Title III Congregate Meal Program, but he couldn't remember the eligibility criteria for his client to participate. All of the following meet the eligibility criteria except:

A) disabled persons under the age of 60 who reside in housing facilities occupied primarily by the elderly where congregate meals are served.
B) individuals over the age of 60.
C) those who participate in a work program.
D) a spouse of any age.
E) disabled persons who reside at home and accompany older persons to meals.

Question 10

Louise has been assessed for her ability to care for herself using the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). She should be able to perform activities such as:

A) prepare meals.
B) perform house-cleaning chores.
C) handle money and balance a checkbook.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 11

Emily was a member of one of the organizations that collaborated and developed the Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI) checklist. Which one of the following is not one of those three organizations?

A) American Academy of Family Physicians
B) Council on Applied Chiropractic Sciences
C) American Dietetic Association
D) National Council on Aging

Question 12

Charles is at Stage 2 of Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following is a food-related symptom that occurs during this stage?

A) Unable to sit still for a long period of time
B) Forgets what to do with food
C) Requires total feeding assistance
D) Cannot feed self

Question 13

Martha is 72 years old and her thirst is greatly reduced. This is most likely due to which of the following?

A) High serum sodium levels
B) Low serum sodium levels
C) High ratio of blood urea nitrogen to creatinine
D) Low ratio of blood urea nitrogen to creatinine
E) High serum sodium levels and high ratio of blood urea nitrogen to creatinine

Question 14

Studies show that when older people are asked about how they feel about their health, ________ say their health is fair or poor, while ________ consider their health to be good, very good, or excellent.

A) 90%/10%
B) 10%/90%
C) 80%/20%
D) 20%/80%

Question 15

In practice, the Elderly Nutrition Program's 3.1 million elderly participants are receiving an estimated ________ of most required nutrients.

A) 20 to 30%
B) 30 to 40%
C) 40 to 50%
D) 50 to 60%

Question 16

Various assistance programs are available for older people. These include all of the following except:

A) home-delivered meals.
B) congregate meals.
C) WIC program.

Question 17

Dehydration is a major problem in older adults. Some of the symptoms of dehydration among older adults are:

A) swollen tongue and sunken eyeballs.
B) constipation and decreased urinary output.
C) electrolyte imbalance, nausea, and vomiting.
D) hypotension and mental confusion.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 18

An older person deciding to participate in the Title III Program or the Congregate Meal Program needs to meet the eligibility criteria before she/he can participate. Which of the following meets the eligibility criteria?

A) Disabled persons under the age of 60 who reside in housing facilities occupied primarily by the elderly where congregate meals are served
B) Over the age of 60
C) A spouse of any age
D) Disabled persons who reside at home and accompany older persons to meals
E) All of these are correct.

Question 19

Sally is an older adult who has gradually been less involved in the events around her. She has changes in mental status, has lost weight recently, and has found a decrease in pleasure during activities she normally enjoys. What is the first clear observation a nutritionist could make in an elderly person who has failure to thrive?

A) Social withdrawal
B) Diminished mental function
C) Weight loss

Question 20

What does a score of 6 mean using the checklist "Determine Your Nutritional Health?"

A) Good nutritional status
B) High nutritional risk
C) Moderate nutritional risk

Question 21

A general guideline of total fluid intake for older adults is 3.7 gallons per day for men and 2.7 liters per day for women.

Question 22

An individual with Alzheimer's disease typically suffers from low blood levels of vitamin B12.

Question 23

Nutrition assessment is the interpretation of information from dietary, laboratory, anthropometric, and clinical evaluations.

Question 24

Cathy is on 10 different medications because of her medical problems. She was required to avoid certain foods such as grapefruit while taking one specific drug. Persons at highest risk for drug nutrient interactions are those who have poor or marginal nutrition status.

Question 25

The lowest rates of poverty occur among the oldest of the old, minorities, women, persons living alone, and those with disabilities.

Question 26

Aging causes multiple physiological changes that affect nutrient needs and nutritional status in the elderly.

Question 27

All persons over the age of 60 are eligible to receive free meals in the Congregate Meals Program regardless of their income level.

Question 28

Dementia and depression are two risk factors associated with poor nutritional status.

Question 29

Research suggests that a diet based on rice, fish, vegetable proteins, fruits, vegetables, and some meat contributes to longevity.

Question 30

Older persons should limit alcohol consumption to no more than one drink (4 to 5 ounces of wine, 12 ounces of beer, or a 1.5 ounce shot of 80-proof liquor) per day for women and two drinks per day for men.

Question 31

Which of the following is a reason for the increasing older population in the United State?

A) Advances in modern medicine and technology
B) Increased access to processed foods
C) Decreased crime rate
D) All of these are correct.

Question 32

Which of the following can be achieved by slowing the biological changes that accrue over time and delaying the diseases of aging enough to reach the limits of life span before any symptoms emerge?

A) Immortality
B) Compression of morbidity
C) Limitation of mortality
D) Life span elongation

Question 33

The average life expectancy at birth has increased from 47 years in 1900 to ______ years in 2014.

A) 57.9
B) 67.9
C) 78.8
D) 87.9

Question 34

Research suggests which of the following diet components contributes to increased longevity?

A) Diet based on rice
B) Diet based on fish
C) Diet based on vegetable proteins
D) All of these are correct.

Question 35

Which of the following is not a segment of older adults most at risk of hunger?

A) 50 to 60 years old
B) Living at or below poverty level
C) High school dropouts
D) African Americans and Hispanic Americans

Question 36

___________ and _____________ are the leading causes of death for all persons age 65 or older and in all ethnic groups.

A) Heart disease/cancer
B) Falls/cancer
C) Falls/bronchial infection
D) Heart disease/bronchial infection

Question 37

Which of the following is a condition of the elderly that impacts nutritional status?

A) Parkinson's disease
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) Osteopenia
D) All of these are correct.

Question 38

Conditions of the elderly that impact nutritional status include all the following except:

A) neoplasms with hypercatabolism, anorexia, and cachexia.
B) diabetes mellitus with restrictive diet and medication interactions.
C) ingrown toenail.
D) paralysis that limits mobility.

Question 39

When measuring perceived health, having chronic health conditions did not change their perception about how they felt about their health for which population?

A) Adolescents
B) Caucasian males
C) Caucasian females
D) Elderly

Question 40

Short-lived, very reactive chemicals often derived from oxygen compounds that damage cells, especially cellular DNA and cell membranes, that may speed up the aging process are called what?

A) Free radicals
B) Electrons
C) Acidic extracellular molecules
D) Disease organisms

Question 41

Exposure to oxidizing agents such as all but which of the following can also damage the cells?

A) Environmental pollutants
B) Fluorescent lighting
C) Ozone, smoking
D) Solar radiation

Question 42

Unstable oxygen compounds can be neutralized when they combine with a ____________, which prevents unstable oxygen from interfering with normal cell functions. The body can produce these as enzymes or consume them through food.

A) Antioxidants
B) Free radicals
C) Base intracellular molecules
D) None of these is correct.

Question 43

Which diet theory of aging found the following results through research? Dietary restriction in rats increased longevity, but led to diminished sexual maturation and fertility, lower bone strength, and lower bone calcium and phosphorus.

A) Free radical theory
B) Calorie restriction
C) Antioxidant theory
D) Environmental factors theory

Question 44

Under the genetic, environmental, and lifestyle theory, which of the following genetic dispositions is treatable through dietary intervention?

A) Cystic fibrosis
B) Cancer
C) High cholesterol
D) All of these are correct.

Question 45

Which of the following is not a socioeconomic factor affecting the nutritional status of the aging?

A) Reduced income with retirement
B) Insufficient funds for purchase of food
C) Skipping meals
D) Decreased medical expenses

Question 46

Older persons should limit alcohol consumption to no more than ________ drink (4 to 5 ounces of wine, 12 ounces of beer, or a 1.5 ounce shot of 80-proof liquor) per day for women and ______ drinks per day for men.

A) one/two
B) two/four
C) three/four
D) four/five

Question 47

Which of the following is not a symptom of alcoholism in the elderly?

A) Trembling hands
B) Sleep problems
C) Memory loss
D) Hair loss

Question 48

Persons at highest risk for drug-nutrient interactions include which of the following?

A) Take many drugs, including alcohol
B) Require only temporary, short-term, drug therapy
C) Have excellent nutrition status
D) All of these are correct.

Question 49

The rate of poverty is highest among which portion of the elderly population?

A) The oldest of the old
B) Persons living alone
C) Those with disabilities
D) All of these are correct.

Question 50

Julius and Janet are Native Americans and are in their 80s. They are still able to live on their own. Sometimes they skip a meal or two because of their low-income status. They may qualify for all of the following except:

A) SNAP.
B) Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations.
C) congregate meals.
D) Commodity Supplemental Food Program-Elderly.
E) Food and Agriculture Organization.

Question 51

Community nutrition students learned about the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Healthy People 2010 objectives for older persons, which includes:

A) increased immunizations for influenza and pneumococcal disease.
B) increased physical activity.
C) reduced rates of chronic diseases.
D) reductions in hospitalization rates for heart disease and stroke.
E) All of these are correct.
F) None of these is correct.

Question 52

Weight loss increases the risk of which of the following for individuals with Alzheimer's?

A) Infections
B) Skin ulcers
C) Falls
D) All of these are correct.

Question 53

The recommendation is to use multivitamin and mineral supplements that do not exceed ___________ of the Daily Value for any nutrient.

A) 90%
B) 100%
C) 110%
D) 120%

Question 54

A community nutritionist contributing to homemaker care may work with all but which of the following professionals?

A) Interior designer
B) Speech therapist
C) Physical therapist
D) Occupational therapist

Question 55

In the United States, there are many assistance programs available for older people. These which of the following?

A) Home-delivered meals
B) Congregate meals
C) SNAP
D) Child and Adult Care Food Program
E) All of these are correct.

Question 56

Carol is 67 years old and takes seven prescription medications per week. She is part of the ______ of women over the age of 65 who take five or more prescription medications per week.

A) 11%
B) 23%
C) 29%
D) 36%

Question 57

According to Fisher, the four features of successful aging are self-acceptance, autonomy and sense of purpose, interactions with others, and which of the following?

A) Personal growth
B) Financial growth
C) Hormonal milieu
D) Preventive behavior

Question 58

A nutritionist assessing an older person's ability to care for him or herself using the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) will be able to notice the ability to perform the following except:

A) food purchasing.
B) dressing oneself.
C) bathing oneself.
D) eating without assistance.
E) using the toilet

Question 59

Which of the following are examples of the socioeconomic changes affecting the nutritional status of the elderly?

A) Skipping meals
B) More community influences
C) Inability to drive to the grocery store
D) Skipping meals and inability to drive to the grocery store

Question 60

Environmental factors such as pollution can influence expression of the genetic code by intensifying certain traits.

Question 61

Older persons with chronic health issues may need medical nutrition therapy at home.

Question 62

Dressing oneself is not an example of an activity for daily living.

Question 63

Free radical theory states that the aging process depends on genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.

Question 64

Phillip is 75 years old. He can become intoxicated on a smaller amount of alcohol than Colleen, who is 22 years old, because older persons metabolize alcohol more slowly.

Question 65

In Stage 2 of Alzheimer's disease, the individual may forget what to do with foods.

Question 66

Pat is 80 years old and recently she complained of her inability to smell or taste her orange juice. She also complained of lack of appetite and inability to enjoy food. These senses can influence the amount of food she can consume.

Question 67

Thiamine may help to produce acetylcholine through its participation in the synthesis of acetyl CoA, a precursor to acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter most closely associated with Alzheimer's symptoms.

Question 68

Nutritionists providing nutrition intervention to older adults with cardiac disease and/or hypertension may focus on stabilizing blood lipid levels and blood pressure while preserving eating pleasure.

Question 69

Fiber should be restricted in diets of the elderly because it is too harsh for their digestive systems.

Question 70

The percentage of elderly female alcoholics outnumbers the percentage of elderly male alcoholics.