Deck 24: Environmental Protection

Question 1

Which of the following would be considered a stationary source of air pollution?

A)aircrafts
B)oil rigs
C)cargo ships
D)automobiles

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The primary level of national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS)protects ________.

A)flora
B)human beings
C)water bodies
D)climate

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The ________ is a federal administrative agency created by the U.S.Congress to coordinate the implementation and enforcement of federal environmental protection laws.

A)Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP)
B)Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA)
C)Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
D)Global Environment Facility (GEF)

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is true of an environmental impact statement (EIS)?

A)It is not required by state or local laws,only federal law.
B)It can be challenged in court by environmentalists or other interested parties.
C)It can only be accepted after the U.S.Congress passes a bill adopting the EIS.
D)It is not required for projects undertaken by private parties.

Question 5

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)is a federal statute that mandates that the federal government must ________.

A)consider focusing on air and water pollution to the exclusion of other sources of pollution,as these two modes of pollution have the greatest impact on human lives
B)implement a complete ban on the commercial usage of the two hundred toxic substances identified as being harmful and polluting
C)implement a zero tolerance policy for all business activities that discharge waste products into water bodies
D)consider the adverse impact a federal government action would have on the environment before the action is implemented

Question 6

An environmental impact statement (EIS)must contain a cost-benefit analysis of the proposed action and alternative actions.

Question 7

Describe the purpose and requirements of an environmental impact statement (EIS).

Question 8

Each state is required to prepare a ________ that sets out how the state plans to meet the federal standards set by NAAQS.

A)strategic environmental assessment (SEA)
B)comprehensive protection assessment (CPA)
C)state assessment plan (SAP)
D)state implementation plan (SIP)

Question 9

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)administers the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)and has the authority to adopt regulations for the enforcement of the act.

Question 10

An EIS can be challenged in court by environmentalists and other interested parties.

Question 11

The NEPA and EPA regulations require that an environmental impact statement (EIS)be prepared by the state government.

Question 12

The ________ administers the NEPA and has the authority to adopt regulations for the enforcement of the act.

A)Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
B)Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA)
C)Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP)
D)Association of Environmental Professionals (AEP)

Question 13

Which of the following is true of the Clean Air Act?

A)It is the only major state law regulating air pollution in the United States.
B)It fails to include the air pollution caused by fuel and fuel additives in its purview.
C)It is only concerned with stationary sources of air pollution.
D)It requires air pollution controls to be installed on motor vehicles.

Question 14

The ________ Act mandates that the federal government consider the "adverse impact" of proposed legislation,rulemaking,or other federal government action on the environment before the action is implemented.

Question 15

Which of the following is a document required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)that must be prepared for any proposed legislation or major federal action that significantly affects the quality of the human environment?

A)environmental influence abstract (EIA)
B)environmental impact statement (EIS)
C)environmental imprimatur declaration (EID)
D)strategic environmental assessment (SEA)

Question 16

Which of the following steps immediately follows the publication of the environmental impact statement (EIS)for a proposed project?

A)The U.S.Congress passes a bill adopting the EIS.
B)Environmentalists are allowed access to the EIS.
C)The government issues an order to proceed with federal action on the project,consistent with the recommendations set forth in the EIS.
D)Interested parties are allowed to submit comments to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Question 17

The NEPA and EPA regulations require that a(n)________ be prepared by the federal government for any proposed legislation or major federal action that significantly affects the quality of the natural and human environment.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true of national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS)?

A)They divide pollutants into five categories based exclusively on the risks the pollutants pose to human beings.
B)They are set at two different levels: primary and secondary.
C)They apply to all sources of pollution.
D)They are administered exclusively by the federal government.

Question 19

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)lacks adjudicative powers to hold hearings and order remedies for violation of environmental laws.

Question 20

The ________ is a federal agency that can initiate judicial proceedings in court against suspected violators of federal environmental laws.

Question 21

The right to enforce air pollution standards is an exclusive prerogative of the federal government.

Question 22

Each state is required to prepare a state implementation plan (SIP)that sets out how the state plans to meet the federal pollutant standards.

Question 23

The primary level of the NAAQS protects vegetation.

Question 24

According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),the air inside a building is typically the safest,as it is free from pollution.

Question 25

Indoor air pollution is primarily caused by toxic fumes from industrial plants located in cities.

Question 26

Which of the following measures is most likely to reduce indoor air pollution in an office building?

A)complete air conditioning with sealed windows
B)heavy insulation
C)the closure of all air ducts
D)a prohibition on copy machines

Question 27

Which of the following is a primary cause of sick building syndrome in the United States?

A)a large number of outdoor ducts
B)unsealed windows
C)a thinly insulated building
D)hazardous construction materials

Question 28

A nonattainment area is classified into one of five categories: marginal,moderate,serious,severe,or extreme.

Question 29

Which of the following is true of national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS)?

A)The federal government has the right to enforce NAAQS if the states fail to do so.
B)State governments are responsible for setting standards for air quality in their respective states.
C)Human beings are protected under the secondary level of NAAQS.
D)Only standards for oxides of elements and particulate matter are evaluated under NAAQS.

Question 30

The Clean Air Act authorizes the EPA to regulate air pollution caused by fuel and fuel additives.

Question 31

A geographical area that does not meet established air quality standards is designated as a ________.

A)limited pollution area
B)nonattainment area
C)non-regulated area
D)federal regulation area

Question 32

Human beings are protected by the secondary level of the NAAQS.

Question 33

The Clean Air Act does not apply to stationary sources of pollution.

Question 34

The pollutant standards under the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS)are set at primary and secondary levels.

Question 35

Which of the following is a federal sanction imposed on states that fail to meet air quality standards?

A)an increase in personal property taxes on state residents
B)a decrease in federal funding of the state's public school system
C)a limitation on the development of new pollution sources within the state
D)a reduction in congressional membership (for example,one less state representative in the U.S.House of Representatives)

Question 36

The EPA can prohibit the construction of a new industrial plant that causes pollution in a state that is a nonattainment area.

Question 37

Regions that do not meet air quality standards are designated as air quality control regions.

Question 38

Oil refineries are an example of stationary sources of air pollution.

Question 39

In a survey of the nonattainment areas in a state,the state air pollution regulatory authority found Region 3 to be the region that exceeded the ozone standard by the largest margin,far exceeding the air pollution levels in all other regions of the state.Region 3 is most likely to be categorized as a(n)________ nonattainment area.

A)atypical
B)extreme
C)marginal
D)serious

Question 40

The ________ Act requires states to identify major stationary sources of air pollution and develop plans to reduce air pollution from these sources.

Question 41

The U.S.Coast Guard administers the Oil Pollution Act,which requires the oil industry to ________.

A)obtain a permit for dumping wastes and other foreign materials into ocean waters
B)implement measures to avoid the dumping of wastes into wells used for drinking water
C)adopt procedures and contingency plans to readily respond to and clean up oil spills
D)establish marine sanctuaries in ocean waters as far seaward as the edge of the continental shelf

Question 42

The Federal Water Pollution Control Act,enacted by the Congress in 1948,continues to be applied across the United States in its original form,without amendments.

Question 43

Which of the following federal administrative agencies enacts the Clean Water Act?

A)the Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA)
B)the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
C)the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP)
D)the Association of Environmental Professionals (AEP)

Question 44

The process by which heated water or material is discharged into waterways,upsetting the water's ecological balance and decreasing its oxygen content as a result,is defined as ________.

A)land pollution
B)radioactive pollution
C)air pollution
D)thermal pollution

Question 45

Which of the following is a federal statute that extends limited environmental protection to the oceans?

A)the Safe Drinking Water Act
B)the Marine Protection,Research,and Sanctuaries Act
C)the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)
D)the Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation,and Liability Act (CERCLA)

Question 46

Areas that are inundated or saturated by surface water or groundwater that support vegetation typically adapted for life in such conditions are called ________.

A)marine reefs
B)aquifers
C)wetlands
D)reservoirs

Question 47

The ________ is a federal statute that authorizes the EPA to establish national primary drinking water standards.

A)Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation,and Liability Act (CERCLA)
B)Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)
C)Clean Water Act
D)Safe Drinking Water Act

Question 48

One of the features of the Marine Protection,Research,and Sanctuaries Act is that it ________.

A)requires the oil industry to adopt procedures and contingency plans to readily respond to and clean up oil spills
B)requires a permit for dumping wastes and other foreign materials into ocean waters
C)requires a tanker owner-operator to prove that it is fully insured to cover any liability that may occur from an oil spill
D)issues permits for the discharge of dredged or fill material into navigable waters and qualified wetlands

Question 49

The Clean Water Act forbids the filling or dredging of navigable waters and qualified wetlands unless a permit has been obtained from the ________.

A)Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP)
B)U.S.Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)
C)Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
D)Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)

Question 50

The federal government is primarily responsible for the implementation of the Clean Water Act in all states.

Question 51

The Clean Air Act directs the EPA to establish ________ standards for certain pollutants.These standards are set at two different levels: primary-to protect human beings,and secondary-to protect vegetation,matter,climate,visibility,and economic values.

Question 52

________ is/are primarily responsible for enforcing the provisions of the Clean Water Act.

A)The federal government
B)Independent agencies
C)State governments
D)Nonprofit organizations

Question 53

The filling or dredging of navigable waters and qualified wetlands is prohibited unless a permit has been obtained from the Army Corps of Engineers.

Question 54

Point source dischargers of pollutants are required to maintain monitoring equipment,keep samples of discharges,and keep records.

Question 55

The ________ authorizes the U.S.government to clean up oil spills and spills of other hazardous substances in ocean waters within 12 miles of the shore and on the continental shelf and to recover the cleanup costs from responsible parties.

A)Clean Water Act
B)Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation,and Liability Act (CERCLA)
C)Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)
D)Marine Protection,Research,and Sanctuaries Act

Question 56

Sources of thermal pollution are subject to the provisions of the Clean Water Act and the regulations adopted by the EPA.

Question 57

AMS,Inc.is a factory located in Norfolk,Virginia that uses chemicals like lead and arsenic in its production process.It discharges the waste products associated with its manufacturing process into the Atlantic Ocean.From the information provided,it can be inferred that ________.

A)AMS,Inc.is an electrical goods manufacturing company
B)AMS,Inc.is using radioactive materials in its production process
C)AMS,Inc.is likely to face corrective action by the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers
D)AMS,Inc.is a fixed and stationary source of pollution

Question 58

Explain the nature and enforcement of national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS).

Question 59

Which of the following actions is prohibited under the Clean Water Act?

A)the inhabitation of inland areas in the vicinity of wetlands and marshes
B)the chemical treatment of wastes to reduce toxicity before discharge into wetlands
C)the construction of residences by filling qualified wetlands
D)the creation of artificial lakes and waterways for recreation

Question 60

Point sources are sources of pollution that are fixed and stationary.

Question 61

The ________ Act authorizes the U.S.government to clean up oil spills and spills of other hazardous substances in ocean waters within 12 miles of the shore and on the continental shelf and to recover the cleanup costs from responsible parties.

Question 62

The ________ Act provides for the creation of a government fund to finance the cleanup of hazardous waste sites.

A)Resource Conservation and Recovery
B)Toxic Substances Control
C)Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation,and Liability
D)National Environmental Policy

Question 63

Which of the following is true of the EPA standards set for toxic substances?

A)They are set with an aim to test new chemicals and determine their effects on human health and environment.
B)They are set based on the recommendation of business owners affected by the pollution.
C)They require the EPA to identify all chemicals based on national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS).
D)They require a complete ban on all toxic substances.

Question 64

The Marine Protection,Research,and Sanctuaries Act,enacted in 1972,extends environmental protection to the oceans.

Question 65

In 1948,Congress enacted the ________ Act to regulate water pollution.This act has been amended several times.As amended,it is simply referred to as the Clean Water Act.

Question 66

The Oil Pollution Act authorizes the U.S.government to clean up oil spills and spills of other hazardous substances in ocean waters within 12 miles of the shore.

Question 67

The Clean Water Act forbids the filling or dredging of navigable waters and qualified wetlands unless a permit has been obtained from the ________.

Question 68

Describe two federal laws that have been implemented to minimize the damage caused by oil spills.

Question 69

What are the measures taken to protect wetlands in the United States?

Question 70

The Marine Protection,Research,and Sanctuaries Act strictly prohibits,without exception,the dumping of wastes and other foreign materials into ocean waters;as a result,dumping permits are not available.

Question 71

Armex,a large power plant,has been in the news for a potential defect in the construction of its inner chambers that caused radioactive fumes to escape from the plant to the surrounding areas.This has endangered the lives of the employees at the plant as well as those staying in nearby areas.This safety violation is likely to be addressed by the ________ for corrective action,including possible closure of the plant.

A)Federal Nuclear Agency (FNA)
B)U.S.Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)
C)Nuclear Waste Policy Commission (NWPC)
D)Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)

Question 72

Which of the following is true of the Insecticide,Fungicide,and Rodenticide Act?

A)It only allows pesticides manufactured by the U.S.government to be sold.
B)It requires all pesticides to be registered with the EPA.
C)It cannot suspend the registration of an already registered pesticide.
D)It allows unregistered pesticides to be sold only with close monitoring by the EPA.

Question 73

________ are defined as areas that are inundated or saturated by surface water or groundwater that support vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions.

Question 74

The Superfund,which is administered by the EPA,gives the federal government a mandate to ________.

A)establish marine sanctuaries in ocean waters as far seaward as the edge of the continental shelf
B)impose fines on buildings and offices that cause harm to their occupants due to indoor air pollution
C)clean up hazardous wastes that have been spilled,stored,or abandoned
D)set standards on the toxic substances that can be used or sold

Question 75

The remains of the process by which nuclear power is generated in a reactor are most likely to be classified as ________.

A)composite wastes
B)inert elements
C)pesticides
D)hazardous wastes

Question 76

Which of the following is true of the Superfund?

A)It gives a mandate to the state government to deal with hazardous wastes that have been spilled,stored,or abandoned.
B)It identifies sites in the United States where hazardous wastes have been disposed of,stored,abandoned,or spilled.
C)It levies extra tax on the people of a state where hazardous wastes have been improperly disposed.
D)It does not permit states and private parties who clean up hazardous waste sites to seek reimbursement from the fund.

Question 77

The ________ is a federal statute that authorizes the EPA to regulate facilities that generate,treat,store,transport,and dispose of hazardous wastes.

A)Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
B)Clean Water Act
C)Toxic Substances Control Act
D)Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation,and Liability Act (CERCLA)

Question 78

The sources of water pollution that are fixed and stationary are known as ________ sources of water pollution.

Question 79

The Clear Water Act authorizes the EPA to establish national primary drinking water standards.

Question 80

Which of the following is a federal government mandate under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act?

A)to set standards for radioactivity in the environment
B)to select a permanent site for the disposal of nuclear wastes
C)to regulate thermal pollution from nuclear power plants
D)to use wetlands for nuclear waste disposal