Deck 6: Bodily Maladaptions: Eating, Sleeping, and Psychophysiological Disorders

Question 1

Research has shown that psychological and social factors possibly play an important role in health and fitness. Which of the following statements does not support this statement?

A) Bodily complaints are a way of coping with stress for certain people.
B) Social attitudes correlate positively with time of recovery.
C) Vulnerability and resilience influence recovery from illness.
D) Stressors are a factor in certain physical conditions.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What term describes the idea that bodily symptoms may be caused by the blocking of emotional expression?

A) biopsychosocial model
B) psychosomatic hypothesis
C) general adaptation syndrome
D) organ-susceptibility hypothesis

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which system of the body plays a significant role in the "fight or flight" response?

A) endocrine
B) circulatory
C) central
D) voluntary

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which part of the endocrine system releases hormones when the situation calls for "fight or flight"?

A) thymus
B) pancreas
C) parathyroid
D) adrenal medulla

Question 5

An expert on current theories of the relationship between psychological factors and physical symptoms has been invited to give a lecture next week. Which of the following would be the best choice for the title of her lecture?

A) "The psychodynamic perspective: Too rich to abandon"
B) "Organic Causes: The search for major influence on symptoms"
C) "Biological Emphasis: Let's not turn away from decades of progress"
D) "Perspective: On the interactions of factors in the development of symptoms"

Question 6

Which of these is an interactional model?

A) cognitive
B) biological
C) psychodynamic
D) biopsychosocial

Question 7

The organism's ability to mobilize and restore a dynamic equilibrium in the face of disruptions is called

A) biofeedback.
B) homeostasis.
C) fight or flight.
D) self-monitoring.

Question 8

Irene has experienced physical problems because her life has been disrupted by environment changes and constraints in her life. She complains of headaches, sleep problems, and poor relationships. Her condition can best be explained by which model?

A) biopsychosocial
B) cognitive
C) psychodynamic
D) biological

Question 9

From a research perspective, which model would find interest in HIV and AIDS because large members of people are affected and can be identified early in the disease process?

A) psychodynamic
B) cognitive
C) biological
D) biopsychosocial

Question 10

Which field is concerned with improving diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation through the use of psychological techniques?

A) health psychology
B) physical wellness
C) behavior medicine
D) health nutrition

Question 11

Which of the following topics would be of greatest interest to a health psychologist?

A) improving physicians' "bedside manner"
B) developing test reports that reassure patients
C) helping a person prevent cancer by not smoking
D) reinforcing a diabetic patient for taking her insulin

Question 12

What philosophy do the fields of behavioral medicine and health psychology have in common?

A) a psychodynamic perspective
B) focus on pharmacological treatments
C) use of prevention/educational programs
D) an emphasis on personal responsibility for health

Question 13

Which of the following would not be a factor when examining the chance of onset of an illness?

A) events in the person's life
B) age
C) education
D) form of the illness

Question 14

Which statement is not associated with stress?

A) Stress plays a significant role in illness and health.
B) Many systems within the body work overtime when a person experiences stress.
C) Stress is best dealt with through therapeutic intervention.
D) Stress can cause many physical changes.

Question 15

A newspaper article described research on the relationship between stress and colds. Which of the following is the most likely summary?

A) Stress increases the chances of infection.
B) Stress is more likely after a cold than before.
C) Stress makes the symptoms of a cold worse.
D) There is no association between stress and infection.

Question 16

Which of these individuals possesses a characteristic that tends to increase resistance to infection?

A) Danny who has high levels of hostility
B) Barry who has high levels of social support
C) Frank who has a high level of personal responsibility in his job
D) George who has a tendency to daydream a great deal during the day

Question 17

Angela frequently engages in episodes of out-of-control eating, although she does not purge her body of the excess calories she consumes. When she decides to visit a physician, what diagnosis will be made?

A) binge eating
B) bulimia nervosa
C) anorexia nervosa
D) body dysmorphic disorder

Question 18

What do eating disorders and sleep disorders have in common?

A) The disorders are not well understood, and the contributions of both psychosocial and biological factors are not well defined.
B) Both disorders have had psychiatric classifications for many years.
C) The disorders are rarely, if ever, fatal.
D) The disorders originate from a social perspective.

Question 19

Jill is depressed most of the day. She has low self-esteem, poor social skills, and has obsessive tendencies. She indicates her weight as a causal factor in her inability to keep friends. Jill is an example of:

A) anxiety disorder
B) pain disorder
C) depressive disorder
D) eating disorder

Question 20

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be afflicted with eating disorders?

A) Sally who is 18 years old
B) Thomas who is 35 years old
C) Virginia who is 45 years old
D) William who is 32 years old

Question 21

What cutoff in DSM-IV-TR separates normal weights from those that suggest the presence of anorexia nervosa?

A) 90% of normal weight
B) 85% of normal weight
C) 50% loss of bone density
D) 75% loss of bone density

Question 22

Which of the following is a criterion for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa?

A) weighing 10 pounds less than average
B) losing more than 2 pounds of weight per week
C) weighing less than 85% or less of normal weight
D) being in the lowest 5% of one's age group for weight

Question 23

What is the primary feature of anorexia nervosa?

A) self-induced vomiting
B) eating non-nutrient substances
C) repeated episodes of binge eating
D) obsessive preoccupation with losing weight

Question 24

Refusal to maintain even a minimally normal body weight is the central characteristic of

A) pica.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) anorexia nervosa.
D) somatization disorder.

Question 25

How is the reduced appetite observed in anorexia nervosa different from the reduced appetite seen in some forms of depression?

A) People with depression view food symbolically.
B) The people with anorexia feel out of control over their eating.
C) There is a true loss of appetite among people with depression.
D) The reactions of people with anorexia are based on delusions.

Question 26

Anorexia nervosa can lead to cardiac arrest due to low levels of

A) iron.
B) glucose.
C) potassium.
D) white blood cells.

Question 27

What are the two ages of highest risk for anorexia nervosa among females?

A) ages 10 and 14
B) ages 14 and 18
C) ages 18 and 22
D) ages 22 and 26

Question 28

Based on epidemiological research, which of the following individuals has the highest risk for anorexia nervosa?

A) Iris, a 32-year-old African-American school teacher
B) Carl, a 25-year-old Caucasian construction worker
C) Helen, a 16-year-old Caucasian high school athlete
D) David, a 35-year-old African-American data processor

Question 29

A public relations company is asked to develop a public service announcement to spread the word on the mental health center's treatments for anorexia nervosa. The center suspects that their services are underutilized by victims of anorexia. Which of the following might the company want to include in the public service announcements?

A) Anorexia nervosa can lead to death.
B) Be alert because this disorder is difficult to detect.
C) Anorexia nervosa often leads to psychotic disorders.
D) Severe weight loss is often the result of a brain tumor.

Question 30

Which strategy for keeping a low body weight is usually used by men with anorexia nervosa?

A) vomiting
B) exercise
C) laxatives
D) low-calorie diet

Question 31

Which treatment is associated with the most successful weight gain in patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa?

A) family therapy
B) client-centered therapy
C) antipsychotic medication
D) systematic desensitization

Question 32

Darla is suffering from anorexia nervosa and currently weighs 70% of the weight that is average for her age and height. What treatment would be recommended in this case?

A) family therapy
B) antipsychotic medications
C) electroconvulsive therapy
D) inpatient hospital treatment

Question 33

Bulimia nervosa is characterized by

A) below-average body weight.
B) eating non-nutrient materials.
C) binge eating followed by purging.
D) extreme control over daily caloric intake.

Question 34

During an episode of binge eating, a person with bulimia nervosa typically consumes large quantities of

A) high calorie foods.
B) foods rich in protein.
C) non-food substances.
D) foods with diuretic effects.

Question 35

Jane is making her annual visit to the dentist. As the dentist checks her mouth, he notices some changes that concern him. Based on his observations he suspects Jane may suffer from bulimia nervosa. What did the dentist see during the examination that led him to suspect this diagnosis?

A) large gaps between teeth
B) loss of enamel on the teeth
C) teeth growing at awkward angles
D) open sores at the base of the teeth

Question 36

Which of these combined treatments seems to be the most effective in treating cases of bulimia nervosa?

A) lithium and cognitive-behavioral therapy
B) antipsychotic medication and family therapy
C) family therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy
D) antidepressant medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy

Question 37

Approximately how much of the sleep of an adult is spent in stage 2 sleep?

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 38

An EEG technician is watching the record of the brain waves of a sleeping patient and notices that this person is producing primarily delta waves. What stage of sleep is this person in at this time?

A) stage 1
B) stage 2
C) stage 4
D) REM sleep

Question 39

A volunteer is hooked up and observed in a sleep laboratory. The technician is giving a tour of the facility to a group of students and points out one volunteer whose breathing has become more rapid, irregular, and shallow. In addition his limbs have become paralyzed and his eyes jerk rapidly in various directions. What stage of sleep is this volunteer in at the moment?

A) stage 1
B) stage 2
C) stage 4
D) REM sleep

Question 40

A neurologist and an endocrinologist are working together on a very difficult case. They have found that among other problems, the patient has difficulty with his melatonin levels. Which of the following is most likely to be impacted by this difficulty?

A) sleep
B) heart rate
C) overall growth
D) long-term memory

Question 41

Neuroscientists are interested in sleep because:

A) it is a direct link to depression.
B) it is a process influenced by bodily systems and life styles.
C) more research is needed to study the effect of neurotransmitters.
D) All the above

Question 42

Your grandfather is undergoing a series of tests at the local hospital. During his last visit, he asked the physician to write the names of the tests because he wanted to ask you about them. One of the tests is a polysomnography. What your grandfather expect to happen during this test?

A) A number of physiological indicators will be recorded while he sleeps.
B) Using radio waves, the hospital will record his heart beat throughout a typical day.
C) He will be asked a number of verbal and quantitative questions while his brains waves are recorded.
D) His stress reactions will be assessed by taking small amounts of blood throughout the day, which will reveal his level of stress hormones.

Question 43

Polysomnography is a technique used to monitor bodily parameters during

A) sleep.
B) stress.
C) an MRI.
D) an epileptic seizure.

Question 44

Why did Nathaniel Kleitman and his students and other volunteers spend over a month in a cave?

A) He wanted to see if people could adapt to a 28-hour day.
B) He wanted to see how the lack of natural light would affect levels of depression.
C) He was interested in how the cold in the cave would impact the functioning of the immune system.
D) He was interested in how groups would form when everyone was in a potentially dangerous situation.

Question 45

Which of the following is an example of a parasomnia?

A) insomnia
B) dyssomnia
C) a nightmare
D) substance-induced sleep disorder

Question 46

_________ involve abnormalities in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep while _________ are marked by unusual behavior in association with sleep.

A) Sleepwalking disorder; parasomnias
B) Dyssomnias; parasomnias
C) Parasomnias; narcolepsy
D) Dyssomnias; narcolepsy

Question 47

What have researchers found concerning the possible etiology of the sleep disorder narcolepsy?

A) The disorder is sex-linked but only occurs when there is a viral infection early in life.
B) The disorder seems to be related to ingestion of toxins that alter the brain's sleep mechanism.
C) Brain imaging scans have identified tumors in the limbic system that seem responsible for the disorder.
D) The disorder has a strong genetic component, most likely related to a cluster of genes on chromosome 6.

Question 48

Rich is a senior in high school. Although he has maintained good grades, he struggles each day to stay awake. Several of his teachers found that he frequently nods off during class for short periods of time. The family physician could find no obvious cause for this sleepiness; however, he does recommend an evaluation at a sleep clinic. Which of the following disorders might the physician suspect is the root cause of Rich's problem?

A) enuresis
B) narcolepsy
C) Tay-Sachs disease
D) sleep terror disorder

Question 49

The diagnosis of a patient at the sleep clinic reads sleep apnea. What can we conclude about this patient?

A) His sleep is interrupted by breathing disruptions.
B) He begins his sleep by entering REM sleep immediately.
C) During the night, he will awaken abrupt and scream, cry, and fidget.
D) He will grind his teeth while he sleeps, which reduces his sleep as well as the sleep of others.

Question 50

Kay has difficulty sleeping. She awakes partially, has confusion, and disorientation. Kay sits up abruptly and screams and is unresponsive to effort to awaken her. Kay has:

A) sleep terror disorder
B) sleep apnea
C) insomnia
D) narcolepsy

Question 51

Which of these terms describes physical conditions in which psychologically meaningful events are closely related to bodily symptoms?

A) factitious
B) somatoform
C) psychophysiological
D) gastrointestinal

Question 52

Which of these describes a disorder that could be called "psychophysiological?"

A) a disorder caused by brain tumors
B) a disorder that is symbolically related to physiological events
C) a disorder that is untreatable with traditional medical techniques
D) a disorder that is closely related to psychologically meaningful events

Question 53

Joan has repeated episodes of complex motor behavior. She rises from her bed and walks around the house. Joan has:

A) sleep terror disorder
B) sleep apnea
C) sleepwalking disorder
D) nightmare disorder

Question 54

What is the function of the arteries?

A) to remove carbon dioxide
B) to sort plasma from blood
C) to carry blood to the brain
D) to provide oxygen to the cells

Question 55

What is the leading cause of death and disability in the United States?

A) angina pectoris
B) stress
C) coronary hearth disease
D) cancer

Question 56

What are plaques?

A) diseased blood cells
B) deposits that thicken arteries
C) changes in coronary electrical activity
D) evidence of damage to coronary ventricles

Question 57

What is atherosclerosis?

A) plaque deposits
B) myocardial infarction
C) excess oxygen in blood cells
D) deficiency of catecholamines

Question 58

A posted announcement at a psychology convention indicates the guest speaker will not be able to attend because he has had a myocardial infarction. You overhear the reactions and comments of others as they read the announcement. Which of the following statements indicates the speaker understands what has happened?

A) "The speaker suffered a heart attack."
B) "The speaker has had an anxiety attack."
C) "The speaker had an artery in the brain burst."
D) "The speaker fainted as a result of low blood pressure."

Question 59

What produces coronary heart disease?

A) deterioration of veins
B) lesions of the arteries
C) reduced catecholamines
D) changes in blood plasma

Question 60

Which of these individuals died as a result of the leading cause of death and disability in the United States?

A) James who died of cancer
B) John who died of coronary heart disease
C) Kevin who died in a motor vehicle accident
D) Ken who died as a result of Alzheimer's disease

Question 61

Which of these people is suffering the major symptom of angina pectoris?

A) Ed who has stomach ulcers
B) Dave who has periodic chest pains
C) Felicia who has migraine headaches
D) Georgia who has a low level of immune system functioning

Question 62

What is the leading cause of death in women after age 66?

A) cancer
B) suicide
C) accidents
D) heart disease

Question 63

An expert on heart attacks was invited by the local news to be a guest on their health segment. When the reporter asks questions about the common symptoms of myocardial infarction, the expert is quick to point out that there are differences in the symptoms experienced by men and women. Which of the following is one of those differences?

A) Men typically have more plaques.
B) Women have chest pains for a longer period.
C) Women typically have higher blood pressure.
D) Men have their first heart attack at a later age.

Question 64

What is one effect of epinephrine and norepinephrine on coronary functioning?

A) accelerate arterial damage
B) protects against myocardial infarction
C) increases oxygen supply to blood cells
D) re-establishes normal rhythms after a heart attack

Question 65

Barry has been depressed for some time. How will his depression affect the likelihood that he will have a heart attack?

A) The disorders are very different and do not affect on one another.
B) The depression actually reduces the chances because it tends to control eating and exertion.
C) For reasons that are not yet clear, the depression tends to raise the chances that he will suffer a heart attack.
D) The depression will increase the risk for a heart attack because it will lower his immune system functioning.

Question 66

What changes have occurred in the mortality rate due to coronary heart disease in the past 40 years?

A) leveled off
B) decreased
C) increased
D) decreased only in women

Question 67

Which characteristics are typical of someone labeled as Type A?

A) hostile and hurried
B) reliable and trusting
C) irresponsible and dominant
D) frequently exercises and takes time to relax

Question 68

The new employee arrives today; the manager has described him as a Type A. Because you are not sure what this means, you ask a fellow worker. She tells you to expect the new employee to be

A) dependent and shy.
B) competitive and hurried.
C) responsible and sociable.
D) humorless and unassertive.

Question 69

Which element of the Type A personality is thought to be the most active ingredient in leading to heart disease?

A) hostility
B) worrying
C) competitiveness
D) high activity level

Question 70

Your friend is cynical, mistrustful, and perceives other peoples' hostilities as aimed at him. Which description most likely fits your friend?

A) Type A with low risk of heart disease
B) Type B with low risk of heart disease
C) Type B with high risk of heart disease
D) Type A with high risk of heart disease

Question 71

What was the statistical association between Type A/Type B personality and heart disease in the original research on this topic?

A) twice as common in Type B
B) twice as common in Type A
C) four times as common in Type B
D) equally common in Type A and Type B

Question 72

For your term paper in Abnormal Psychology you have decided to review the history of the concept of Type A. Based on your understanding of this history, which of the following titles would be most appropriate?

A) "Type A: The revised version"
B) "Type A: Right from the start"
C) "Type A: A risk factor but not for heart disease"
D) "Type A: How it actually reduces risk of heart disease"

Question 73

A researcher reviewed the research on physiological reactivity of people who are most susceptible to coronary disease. Which of the following is the best summary of that research?

A) These people exhibit low physiological reactivity.
B) These people exhibit high physiological reactivity.
C) During sleep, they exhibit more variable physiological reactivity.
D) During periods of frustration, they exhibit more overt behaviors of their feelings.

Question 74

Researchers studied men who had survived myocardial infarctions, in order to identify factors associated with increased risk for early death. In addition to life stress, what was another important risk factor for early death?

A) religiosity
B) social isolation
C) low-level of education
D) lack of cultural identity

Question 75

Which country has an especially low rate of coronary heart disease?

A) Japan
B) France
C) Canada
D) United States

Question 76

What community characteristic has been associated with higher rates of coronary heart disease?

A) fast pace of life
B) unpredictable weather
C) strong cultural identity
D) high rate of Type B behavior

Question 77

What was one of the ways that researchers measured the general pace of life in cities across the United States?

A) They checked the size of the email files in offices.
B) They measured the speed with which bank tellers worked.
C) They measured the density of people in a given geographic area.
D) The measured the size of the phone book used in various locations.

Question 78

In years past, the town of Roseto, Pennsylvania, had a remarkably low death rate, especially from heart disease. What characteristic did the townspeople have in common?

A) vegetarian diet
B) low rates of smoking
C) close family relationships
D) high involvement in sports

Question 79

Which of the following is probably the best therapy for a Type A person who experienced a first heart attack?

A) psychodynamic therapy aimed at uncovering repressed memories
B) cognitive behavior therapy to increase awareness of hostility and reduce these reactions
C) a regimen of heavy physical exercise as a means of reducing the build up of stress levels
D) listening to music as a means of reducing very high tension levels and increased amount of sleep

Question 80

Which of these individuals has the greatest risk for developing hypertension?

A) Amy, a 20-year-old Caucasian
B) Steve, a 65-year-old Caucasian
C) Julia, a 40-year-old African American
D) William, a 35-year-old African American