Question 1

Research has shown that psychological and social factors possibly play an important role in health and fitness. Which of the following statements does not support this statement?

Accepted Answer

Social attitudes correlating positively with time of recovery does not necessarily imply a role of psychological or social factors in health and fitness. It suggests a relationship between social attitudes and recovery time but does not directly support the idea that psychological and social factors play an important role in health and fitness, unlike the other options which directly relate psychological or social aspects to health outcomes.

Question 2

What term describes the idea that bodily symptoms may be caused by the blocking of emotional expression?

Accepted Answer

The psychosomatic hypothesis proposes that physical symptoms and illnesses may be caused by psychological and emotional factors. It suggests that the blocking of emotions can lead to bodily symptoms and disease.

Question 3

Which system of the body plays a significant role in the "fight or flight" response?

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system plays a significant role in the "fight or flight" response by secreting hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol, which increase heart rate, blood pressure, and energy levels to prepare the body for a response to a perceived threat.

Question 4

Which part of the endocrine system releases hormones when the situation calls for "fight or flight"?

Accepted Answer

The adrenal medulla releases hormones in response to stress or a perceived threat, commonly known as the "fight or flight" response. The other options (thymus, pancreas, and parathyroid) do not play a significant role in this response.

Question 5

An expert on current theories of the relationship between psychological factors and physical symptoms has been invited to give a lecture next week. Which of the following would be the best choice for the title of her lecture?

Accepted Answer

The title "Perspective: On the interactions of factors in the development of symptoms" best reflects the theme of the lecture as it describes the focus on the relationship between psychological and physical factors in the development of symptoms. The other options focus on a specific perspective or cause (psychodynamic, organic, biological) and do not fully capture the scope of the lecture.

Question 6

Which of these is an interactional model?

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial model emphasizes that health and illness arise from the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors. Therefore, it is an interactional model. The cognitive, biological, and psychodynamic models focus more on individual factors rather than the interplay between multiple factors.

Question 7

The organism's ability to mobilize and restore a dynamic equilibrium in the face of disruptions is called

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis is the term used to describe an organism's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes or disruptions. It involves various physiological processes that work together to restore balance, such as temperature regulation, hydration, and hormone production. Biofeedback, fight or flight, and self-monitoring are all related concepts but do not specifically refer to the ability to maintain internal balance.

Question 8

Irene has experienced physical problems because her life has been disrupted by environment changes and constraints in her life. She complains of headaches, sleep problems, and poor relationships. Her condition can best be explained by which model?

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial model recognizes the interplay between biological, psychological, and social factors in explaining health and illness. Irene's physical problems are likely influenced by both environmental changes and constraints in her life, as well as psychological factors such as stress and emotions. The biopsychosocial model accounts for these complex interactions.

Question 9

From a research perspective, which model would find interest in HIV and AIDS because large members of people are affected and can be identified early in the disease process?

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial model would be interested in HIV and AIDS because it considers the complex interplay between biological, psychological, and social factors. This model recognizes that large numbers of people are affected and emphasizes the importance of early identification and a comprehensive approach to understanding and treating the disease.

Question 10

Which field is concerned with improving diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation through the use of psychological techniques?

Accepted Answer

Behavior medicine is the field focused on integrating behavioral, psychosocial, and biomedical knowledge to improve diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation.

Question 11

Which of the following topics would be of greatest interest to a health psychologist?

Accepted Answer

Helping a person prevent cancer by not smoking would be of greatest interest to a health psychologist as it involves promoting behavior change that can improve physical health outcomes. The other options may also be of interest to health psychologists, but they do not directly address behavior change related to physical health.

Question 12

What philosophy do the fields of behavioral medicine and health psychology have in common?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What philosophy do the fields of behavioral...

Question 13

Which of the following would not be a factor when examining the chance of onset of an illness?

Accepted Answer

Education level itself is not a direct factor in the onset of an illness. Factors like age, life events, and the form of the illness are more directly related to the likelihood of developing a condition. Education may influence health outcomes indirectly through behaviors, access to resources, or stress levels, but it is not a direct factor in the onset of an illness.

Question 14

Which statement is not associated with stress?

Accepted Answer

While therapeutic intervention can be helpful in managing stress, it is not the only way to deal with it. Other strategies such as exercise, meditation, and relaxation techniques can also be effective.

Question 15

A newspaper article described research on the relationship between stress and colds. Which of the following is the most likely summary?

Accepted Answer

The article is discussing how stress is related to an increased likelihood of getting a cold, suggesting that stress increases the chances of infection.

Question 16

Which of these individuals possesses a characteristic that tends to increase resistance to infection?

Accepted Answer

High levels of social support have been linked to increased immunity and resistance to infection.

Question 17

Angela frequently engages in episodes of out-of-control eating, although she does not purge her body of the excess calories she consumes. When she decides to visit a physician, what diagnosis will be made?

Accepted Answer

Angela is engaging in episodes of out-of-control eating, which is characteristic of binge eating disorder. She does not mention engaging in purging behaviors, which is necessary for a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by restricted food intake and often involves a fear of gaining weight or becoming fat. Body dysmorphic disorder involves preoccupation with perceived flaws or imperfections in physical appearance.

Question 18

What do eating disorders and sleep disorders have in common?

Accepted Answer

Both eating disorders and sleep disorders are complex and have multiple contributing factors, including psychological, social, and biological. The specific causes and mechanisms behind these disorders are not fully understood, and there is ongoing research to better understand these conditions.

Question 19

Jill is depressed most of the day. She has low self-esteem, poor social skills, and has obsessive tendencies. She indicates her weight as a causal factor in her inability to keep friends. Jill is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jill is depressed most of the day....

Question 20

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be afflicted with eating disorders?

Accepted Answer

Eating disorders are most commonly seen in teenagers and young adults, with the onset typically occurring between the ages of 14-25. Therefore, Sally who is 18 years old is the most likely to be afflicted with eating disorders compared to the other individuals listed.

Quiz 6: Bodily Maladaptions: Eating, Sleeping, and Psychophysiological Disorders