Question 1

&#34;Globalism's Discontents&#34; by Joseph E. Stiglitz&#10;Stiglitz sorts out the different meanings of globalization. He maintains that globalization has brought large benefits to a few with few benefits to the many. The author further argues that issues of control/management and globalization ideology play crucial roles in determining whether globalization is beneficial or detrimental.&#10;-Discuss the ways, according to Stiglitz, that &#34;liberalization of capital markets&#34; has hurt developing countries during the process of globalization.

Accepted Answer

According to Joseph E. Stiglitz in "Globalism's Discontents," the liberalization of capital markets has hurt developing countries during the process of globalization in several ways. Firstly, Stiglitz argues that the liberalization of capital markets has led to increased financial instability in developing countries. This is because it allows for large amounts of speculative capital to flow in and out of these countries, leading to volatile exchange rates and financial crises.

Secondly, Stiglitz points out that liberalization of capital markets has also led to a "race to the bottom" in terms of regulations and standards. Developing countries are often pressured to deregulate their financial systems and lower their labor and environmental standards in order to attract foreign investment. This can lead to exploitation of workers and environmental degradation.

Additionally, Stiglitz argues that liberalization of capital markets has also led to increased inequality within developing countries. Foreign investors often only invest in certain sectors or regions, leading to uneven development and exacerbating existing inequalities.

Overall, Stiglitz contends that the liberalization of capital markets has had detrimental effects on developing countries during the process of globalization, contributing to financial instability, exploitation, and inequality.

Question 2

&#34;Globalism's Discontents&#34; by Joseph E. Stiglitz&#10;Stiglitz sorts out the different meanings of globalization. He maintains that globalization has brought large benefits to a few with few benefits to the many. The author further argues that issues of control/management and globalization ideology play crucial roles in determining whether globalization is beneficial or detrimental.&#10;-Discuss the operation and ideology of the IMF in structuring globalization.

Accepted Answer

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) plays a significant role in structuring globalization through its policies and practices. The IMF operates by providing financial assistance to countries in need, but this assistance often comes with conditions that require the recipient country to implement certain economic reforms. These reforms typically involve liberalizing trade, deregulating markets, and reducing government spending, all of which align with the ideology of neoliberalism.

Neoliberalism, the dominant ideology of globalization, emphasizes free market principles and limited government intervention in the economy. The IMF promotes this ideology by requiring countries to adopt neoliberal policies in exchange for financial support. This can lead to negative consequences for the majority of people in these countries, as the policies often result in austerity measures, privatization of public services, and increased inequality.

Furthermore, the IMF's decision-making process is heavily influenced by the major economic powers, particularly the United States and European countries. This means that the interests of these powerful nations often take precedence over the needs of developing countries, further perpetuating the unequal distribution of benefits from globalization.

In summary, the IMF's operation and ideology in structuring globalization prioritize the interests of the few over the many, contributing to the discontents associated with globalization as described by Joseph E. Stiglitz.

Question 3

&#34;Globalism's Discontents&#34; by Joseph E. Stiglitz&#10;Stiglitz sorts out the different meanings of globalization. He maintains that globalization has brought large benefits to a few with few benefits to the many. The author further argues that issues of control/management and globalization ideology play crucial roles in determining whether globalization is beneficial or detrimental.&#10;-What does Stiglitz mean when he says globalization is &#34;volatile&#34; and what are the consequences of this volatility?

Accepted Answer

In "Globalism's Discontents," Joseph E. Stiglitz discusses the multifaceted nature of globalization and its varied impacts on different groups of people. When Stiglitz refers to globalization as "volatile," he is speaking to the nature of global economic integration, which can lead to rapid and often unpredictable economic changes that affect countries and individuals in different ways.

The volatility of globalization can be understood in several contexts:

1. Economic Volatility: Globalization can lead to increased economic volatility as markets and economies become more interconnected. This means that financial crises, economic downturns, or shocks in one part of the world can quickly spread to others. For example, the 2008 financial crisis that began in the United States quickly affected financial markets and economies around the globe.

2. Job Market Volatility: Globalization can lead to shifts in employment as companies seek to optimize production by moving operations to countries with lower labor costs. This can result in job losses in some regions and job gains in others, creating instability for workers whose livelihoods are affected by these shifts.

3. Capital Flows: The movement of capital across borders can be highly volatile, with rapid inflows and outflows of investment. This can lead to economic instability in countries that experience sudden changes in investment levels, affecting their ability to manage their economies effectively.

The consequences of this volatility are significant and can include:

1. Economic Insecurity: Individuals and communities may face economic insecurity as jobs are offshored or as local industries are unable to compete with global competitors. This can lead to a decline in living standards and increased inequality.

2. Policy Challenges: Governments may find it difficult to manage their economies in the face of global volatility. They may struggle to implement effective monetary and fiscal policies when faced with rapid capital flows and the influence of global financial markets.

3. Social and Political Unrest: The economic uncertainty and inequality resulting from volatile globalization can lead to social and political unrest. People who feel left behind by the global economy may lose faith in their governments and the economic system, potentially leading to protests, strikes, or the rise of populist movements.

4. Financial Instability: Countries may experience financial instability as a result of volatile capital flows and the interconnectedness of global financial systems. This can lead to banking crises, currency crises, and sovereign debt crises, with severe consequences for economic growth and development.

Stiglitz argues that the way globalization is managed and controlled, as well as the prevailing ideology surrounding it, are key factors in determining whether its effects are beneficial or harmful. He suggests that without proper governance and a focus on equitable growth, globalization's volatility can disproportionately harm the most vulnerable populations while benefiting a select few.

Question 4

&#34;Globalism's Discontents&#34; by Joseph E. Stiglitz&#10;Stiglitz sorts out the different meanings of globalization. He maintains that globalization has brought large benefits to a few with few benefits to the many. The author further argues that issues of control/management and globalization ideology play crucial roles in determining whether globalization is beneficial or detrimental.&#10;-Globalization has had uniform effects in developing countries.

Accepted Answer

The article argues that globalization has had different effects in different countries, and that issues of control and ideology influence these effects. Therefore, the effects of globalization are not uniform across developing countries.

Question 5

&#34;Globalism's Discontents&#34; by Joseph E. Stiglitz&#10;Stiglitz sorts out the different meanings of globalization. He maintains that globalization has brought large benefits to a few with few benefits to the many. The author further argues that issues of control/management and globalization ideology play crucial roles in determining whether globalization is beneficial or detrimental.&#10;-How does &#34;the governance of globalization&#34; impact on whether it is beneficial or detrimental?

Accepted Answer

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Question 6

&#34;Globalism's Discontents&#34; by Joseph E. Stiglitz&#10;Stiglitz sorts out the different meanings of globalization. He maintains that globalization has brought large benefits to a few with few benefits to the many. The author further argues that issues of control/management and globalization ideology play crucial roles in determining whether globalization is beneficial or detrimental.&#10;-Which of the following does Stiglitz believe is a negative effect of globalization?&#10;A) Privatization&#10;B) Democraticization&#10;C) Local/state management&#10;D) Careful monitoring of globalization.

Accepted Answer

Stiglitz believes that privatization, which often results from globalization, has negative effects.

Question 7

&#34;Globalism's Discontents&#34; by Joseph E. Stiglitz&#10;Stiglitz sorts out the different meanings of globalization. He maintains that globalization has brought large benefits to a few with few benefits to the many. The author further argues that issues of control/management and globalization ideology play crucial roles in determining whether globalization is beneficial or detrimental.&#10;-Which of the following globalization-based policies does Stiglitz advocate:&#10;A) Cease globalization&#10;B) Accelerate globalization&#10;C) Allow countries to control the rate of globalization&#10;D) Allow the IMF to direct globalization.

Accepted Answer

Stiglitz advocates for allowing countries to control the rate of globalization, as he believes that issues of control and management are important considerations in determining whether globalization is beneficial or harmful. He does not support ceasing or accelerating globalization or giving control of globalization to the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Question 8

&#34;The 'Morphing' Properties of Whiteness&#34; by Troy Duster&#10;Duster takes up the issue of the biological and cultural basis of race and racial classification in American society. Duster advocates that race is complex, structural, and enduring, and, simultaneously, a social/cultural construct that is fluid and subject to change in which its boundaries may fundamentally alter.&#10;-Discuss &#34;first order&#34; and &#34;second order&#34; issues regarding racial classification.

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

&#34;The 'Morphing' Properties of Whiteness&#34; by Troy Duster&#10;Duster takes up the issue of the biological and cultural basis of race and racial classification in American society. Duster advocates that race is complex, structural, and enduring, and, simultaneously, a social/cultural construct that is fluid and subject to change in which its boundaries may fundamentally alter.&#10;-Discuss Duster's critique of race as a biological construct that can be based on genetic interpretations of intelligence.

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Question 10

&#34;The 'Morphing' Properties of Whiteness&#34; by Troy Duster&#10;Duster takes up the issue of the biological and cultural basis of race and racial classification in American society. Duster advocates that race is complex, structural, and enduring, and, simultaneously, a social/cultural construct that is fluid and subject to change in which its boundaries may fundamentally alter.&#10;-According to Duster, which racial category is fluid and subject to change over time?&#10;A) Whites&#10;B) Blacks&#10;C) Latinos&#10;D) All of the above.

Accepted Answer

Duster argues that the concept of race, including all racial categories, is fluid and subject to change over time, reflecting the complex and changing nature of racial classifications and identities.

Question 11

&#34;The 'Morphing' Properties of Whiteness&#34; by Troy Duster&#10;Duster takes up the issue of the biological and cultural basis of race and racial classification in American society. Duster advocates that race is complex, structural, and enduring, and, simultaneously, a social/cultural construct that is fluid and subject to change in which its boundaries may fundamentally alter.&#10;-Discuss Duster's notion of race as a &#34;solid state&#34; and a &#34;fluid state.&#34;

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Question 12

&#34;The 'Morphing' Properties of Whiteness&#34; by Troy Duster&#10;Duster takes up the issue of the biological and cultural basis of race and racial classification in American society. Duster advocates that race is complex, structural, and enduring, and, simultaneously, a social/cultural construct that is fluid and subject to change in which its boundaries may fundamentally alter.&#10;-According to Duster, which of the following concepts best captures the fluidity and historically contingent nature of race?&#10;A) Morphing&#10;B) Aging&#10;C) Changeability&#10;D) Passing.

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Question 13

&#34;The 'Morphing' Properties of Whiteness&#34; by Troy Duster&#10;Duster takes up the issue of the biological and cultural basis of race and racial classification in American society. Duster advocates that race is complex, structural, and enduring, and, simultaneously, a social/cultural construct that is fluid and subject to change in which its boundaries may fundamentally alter.&#10;-Discuss Duster's notions of &#34;arbitrary/whimsical&#34; and &#34;structural/enduring&#34; as competing conceptions of race.

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Question 14

&#34;The 'Morphing' Properties of Whiteness&#34; by Troy Duster&#10;Duster takes up the issue of the biological and cultural basis of race and racial classification in American society. Duster advocates that race is complex, structural, and enduring, and, simultaneously, a social/cultural construct that is fluid and subject to change in which its boundaries may fundamentally alter.&#10;-Duster maintains that race is fundamentally best thought of as a biologically-based concept.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

&#34;A Threat in the Air: How Stereotypes Shape Intellectual Identity and Performance&#34; by Claude M. Steel&#10;Steele discusses the dynamics of &#34;stereotypical threat,&#34; which is the internalization of negative stereotypes that pose achievement barriers among women in advanced quantitative areas and blacks in school. The author discusses how identification with school and its subdivisions can produce inferior performance pursuant to societal pressures that make domain-identified students conscious and activate the stenotypes.&#10;-Discuss the difference between &#34;domain identification&#34; and &#34;domain unidentification.&#34;

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

&#34;A Threat in the Air: How Stereotypes Shape Intellectual Identity and Performance&#34; by Claude M. Steel&#10;Steele discusses the dynamics of &#34;stereotypical threat,&#34; which is the internalization of negative stereotypes that pose achievement barriers among women in advanced quantitative areas and blacks in school. The author discusses how identification with school and its subdivisions can produce inferior performance pursuant to societal pressures that make domain-identified students conscious and activate the stenotypes.&#10;-One consequence of a &#34;stereotypical threat&#34; is that it causes de-identification.

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

&#34;A Threat in the Air: How Stereotypes Shape Intellectual Identity and Performance&#34; by Claude M. Steel&#10;Steele discusses the dynamics of &#34;stereotypical threat,&#34; which is the internalization of negative stereotypes that pose achievement barriers among women in advanced quantitative areas and blacks in school. The author discusses how identification with school and its subdivisions can produce inferior performance pursuant to societal pressures that make domain-identified students conscious and activate the stenotypes.&#10;-What kinds of students are most likely to be impacted by stereotypical threat?&#10;A) Poor students&#10;B) Excellent students&#10;C) Mediocre students&#10;D) None of the above.

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Question 18

&#34;A Threat in the Air: How Stereotypes Shape Intellectual Identity and Performance&#34; by Claude M. Steel&#10;Steele discusses the dynamics of &#34;stereotypical threat,&#34; which is the internalization of negative stereotypes that pose achievement barriers among women in advanced quantitative areas and blacks in school. The author discusses how identification with school and its subdivisions can produce inferior performance pursuant to societal pressures that make domain-identified students conscious and activate the stenotypes.&#10;-Stereotypical threat may negatively impact on:&#10;A) Whites and blacks&#10;B) Blacks and women&#10;C) White men and women&#10;D) Blacks only.

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

&#34;A Threat in the Air: How Stereotypes Shape Intellectual Identity and Performance&#34; by Claude M. Steel&#10;Steele discusses the dynamics of &#34;stereotypical threat,&#34; which is the internalization of negative stereotypes that pose achievement barriers among women in advanced quantitative areas and blacks in school. The author discusses how identification with school and its subdivisions can produce inferior performance pursuant to societal pressures that make domain-identified students conscious and activate the stenotypes.&#10;-How is stereotypical threat related to &#34;self-rejection&#34;?

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

&#34;A Threat in the Air: How Stereotypes Shape Intellectual Identity and Performance&#34; by Claude M. Steel&#10;Steele discusses the dynamics of &#34;stereotypical threat,&#34; which is the internalization of negative stereotypes that pose achievement barriers among women in advanced quantitative areas and blacks in school. The author discusses how identification with school and its subdivisions can produce inferior performance pursuant to societal pressures that make domain-identified students conscious and activate the stenotypes.&#10;-How does stereotypical threat impair the standardized test performance of domain-identified students?

Accepted Answer

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Question 21

&#34;A Threat in the Air: How Stereotypes Shape Intellectual Identity and Performance&#34; by Claude M. Steel&#10;Steele discusses the dynamics of &#34;stereotypical threat,&#34; which is the internalization of negative stereotypes that pose achievement barriers among women in advanced quantitative areas and blacks in school. The author discusses how identification with school and its subdivisions can produce inferior performance pursuant to societal pressures that make domain-identified students conscious and activate the stenotypes.&#10;-How does stereotypical threat produce disidentification?

Accepted Answer

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Question 22

&#34;The Complexities and Processes of Racial Housing Discrimination&#34; by Vincent J. Roscigno, Diana L. Karafin, and Griff Tester&#10;Roscigno, Karafin, and Tester explore the dynamics of discrimination in the housing market. Their approach is unusually broad in two ways: 1) they focus on both &#34;exclusionary&#34; and &#34;non-exclusionary practices, and 2) they utilize both quantitative and qualitative analytic techniques to meaningfully discuss the causal mechanisms that underlie discrimination in the housing market. Their approach sheds light on the wide range of causes of discrimination that appear to disproportionately handicap African American women.&#10;-How do audit studies work? What are their strengths and weaknesses?

Accepted Answer

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Question 23

&#34;The Complexities and Processes of Racial Housing Discrimination&#34; by Vincent J. Roscigno, Diana L. Karafin, and Griff Tester&#10;Roscigno, Karafin, and Tester explore the dynamics of discrimination in the housing market. Their approach is unusually broad in two ways: 1) they focus on both &#34;exclusionary&#34; and &#34;non-exclusionary practices, and 2) they utilize both quantitative and qualitative analytic techniques to meaningfully discuss the causal mechanisms that underlie discrimination in the housing market. Their approach sheds light on the wide range of causes of discrimination that appear to disproportionately handicap African American women.&#10;-Discuss the difference between &#34;exclusionary&#34; and &#34;non-exclusionary&#34; forms of housing discrimination.

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Question 24

&#34;The Complexities and Processes of Racial Housing Discrimination&#34; by Vincent J. Roscigno, Diana L. Karafin, and Griff Tester&#10;Roscigno, Karafin, and Tester explore the dynamics of discrimination in the housing market. Their approach is unusually broad in two ways: 1) they focus on both &#34;exclusionary&#34; and &#34;non-exclusionary practices, and 2) they utilize both quantitative and qualitative analytic techniques to meaningfully discuss the causal mechanisms that underlie discrimination in the housing market. Their approach sheds light on the wide range of causes of discrimination that appear to disproportionately handicap African American women.&#10;-What is &#34;social closure&#34; and how may it cause housing discrimination?

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Question 25

&#34;The Complexities and Processes of Racial Housing Discrimination&#34; by Vincent J. Roscigno, Diana L. Karafin, and Griff Tester&#10;Roscigno, Karafin, and Tester explore the dynamics of discrimination in the housing market. Their approach is unusually broad in two ways: 1) they focus on both &#34;exclusionary&#34; and &#34;non-exclusionary practices, and 2) they utilize both quantitative and qualitative analytic techniques to meaningfully discuss the causal mechanisms that underlie discrimination in the housing market. Their approach sheds light on the wide range of causes of discrimination that appear to disproportionately handicap African American women.&#10;-What explains African American women being disproportionately overrepresented in both exclusionary and non-exclusionary discriminatory practices in the real estate market?

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Question 26

&#34;The Complexities and Processes of Racial Housing Discrimination&#34; by Vincent J. Roscigno, Diana L. Karafin, and Griff Tester&#10;Roscigno, Karafin, and Tester explore the dynamics of discrimination in the housing market. Their approach is unusually broad in two ways: 1) they focus on both &#34;exclusionary&#34; and &#34;non-exclusionary practices, and 2) they utilize both quantitative and qualitative analytic techniques to meaningfully discuss the causal mechanisms that underlie discrimination in the housing market. Their approach sheds light on the wide range of causes of discrimination that appear to disproportionately handicap African American women.&#10;-Racial segregation in housing has been on the decline in major metropolitan areas over the course of the last several decades.

Accepted Answer

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Question 27

&#34;The Complexities and Processes of Racial Housing Discrimination&#34; by Vincent J. Roscigno, Diana L. Karafin, and Griff Tester&#10;Roscigno, Karafin, and Tester explore the dynamics of discrimination in the housing market. Their approach is unusually broad in two ways: 1) they focus on both &#34;exclusionary&#34; and &#34;non-exclusionary practices, and 2) they utilize both quantitative and qualitative analytic techniques to meaningfully discuss the causal mechanisms that underlie discrimination in the housing market. Their approach sheds light on the wide range of causes of discrimination that appear to disproportionately handicap African American women.&#10;-What has been a noticeable limitation in previous research on housing discrimination?&#10;A) Failure to identify rates of discrimination&#10;B) Failure to conduct audit studies&#10;C) Failure to identify causal mechanisms that drive discrimination&#10;D) Failure to study a subject matter, discrimination, that was not believed to exist.

Accepted Answer

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Question 28

&#34;The Complexities and Processes of Racial Housing Discrimination&#34; by Vincent J. Roscigno, Diana L. Karafin, and Griff Tester&#10;Roscigno, Karafin, and Tester explore the dynamics of discrimination in the housing market. Their approach is unusually broad in two ways: 1) they focus on both &#34;exclusionary&#34; and &#34;non-exclusionary practices, and 2) they utilize both quantitative and qualitative analytic techniques to meaningfully discuss the causal mechanisms that underlie discrimination in the housing market. Their approach sheds light on the wide range of causes of discrimination that appear to disproportionately handicap African American women.&#10;-Which of the following actors have not been implicated in fostering housing discrimination?&#10;A) Realtors&#10;B) Mortgage brokers&#10;C) The Federal Fair Housing Act&#10;D) Civic and neighborhood-group associations.

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Question 29

From &#34;Historical Context and Hazard Waste Facility Siting: Understanding Temporal Patterns in Michigan&#34; by Robin Saha and Paul Mohai&#10;The authors provide a changing historical account of the development of public environmental concern about hazardous waste sites, delineating three periods characterized by changing public concern, legal standing/responsibility for the siting of hazardous waste, and political participation in movements to structure the siting of hazardous waste. The authors maintain that varying levels of concern and participation in conjunction with changing legal responsibility for siting and the evolving dynamics of deindustrialization led to racial and class discrimination in the siting of waste.&#10;-What factors led to the first important public outcry regarding the siting of hazardous waste materials in the 1970s?

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Question 30

From &#34;Historical Context and Hazard Waste Facility Siting: Understanding Temporal Patterns in Michigan&#34; by Robin Saha and Paul Mohai&#10;The authors provide a changing historical account of the development of public environmental concern about hazardous waste sites, delineating three periods characterized by changing public concern, legal standing/responsibility for the siting of hazardous waste, and political participation in movements to structure the siting of hazardous waste. The authors maintain that varying levels of concern and participation in conjunction with changing legal responsibility for siting and the evolving dynamics of deindustrialization led to racial and class discrimination in the siting of waste.&#10;-What do the authors mean when they say the siting of hazardous waste sites has increasingly become &#34;discriminatory&#34;?

Accepted Answer

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Question 31

From &#34;Historical Context and Hazard Waste Facility Siting: Understanding Temporal Patterns in Michigan&#34; by Robin Saha and Paul Mohai&#10;The authors provide a changing historical account of the development of public environmental concern about hazardous waste sites, delineating three periods characterized by changing public concern, legal standing/responsibility for the siting of hazardous waste, and political participation in movements to structure the siting of hazardous waste. The authors maintain that varying levels of concern and participation in conjunction with changing legal responsibility for siting and the evolving dynamics of deindustrialization led to racial and class discrimination in the siting of waste.&#10;-In the post-Love Canal era, how have political and legal factors along with public concern operated to determine the siting of hazardous wastes?

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Question 32

From &#34;Historical Context and Hazard Waste Facility Siting: Understanding Temporal Patterns in Michigan&#34; by Robin Saha and Paul Mohai&#10;The authors provide a changing historical account of the development of public environmental concern about hazardous waste sites, delineating three periods characterized by changing public concern, legal standing/responsibility for the siting of hazardous waste, and political participation in movements to structure the siting of hazardous waste. The authors maintain that varying levels of concern and participation in conjunction with changing legal responsibility for siting and the evolving dynamics of deindustrialization led to racial and class discrimination in the siting of waste.&#10;-Describe what the authors mean when saying that the siting of hazardous wastes have been determined by a &#34;pattern of least resistance.&#34;

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Question 33

From &#34;Historical Context and Hazard Waste Facility Siting: Understanding Temporal Patterns in Michigan&#34; by Robin Saha and Paul Mohai&#10;The authors provide a changing historical account of the development of public environmental concern about hazardous waste sites, delineating three periods characterized by changing public concern, legal standing/responsibility for the siting of hazardous waste, and political participation in movements to structure the siting of hazardous waste. The authors maintain that varying levels of concern and participation in conjunction with changing legal responsibility for siting and the evolving dynamics of deindustrialization led to racial and class discrimination in the siting of waste.&#10;-Public concern about environmental issues/hazardous wastes has remained relatively constant between 1970-1990.

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Question 34

From &#34;Historical Context and Hazard Waste Facility Siting: Understanding Temporal Patterns in Michigan&#34; by Robin Saha and Paul Mohai&#10;The authors provide a changing historical account of the development of public environmental concern about hazardous waste sites, delineating three periods characterized by changing public concern, legal standing/responsibility for the siting of hazardous waste, and political participation in movements to structure the siting of hazardous waste. The authors maintain that varying levels of concern and participation in conjunction with changing legal responsibility for siting and the evolving dynamics of deindustrialization led to racial and class discrimination in the siting of waste.&#10;-Prior to 1970, the location of hazardous sites had been distributed:&#10;A) Relatively evenly across class lines&#10;B) Relatively unevenly across class lines&#10;C) Relatively unevenly across racial lines&#10;D) All of the above.

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Question 35

From &#34;Historical Context and Hazard Waste Facility Siting: Understanding Temporal Patterns in Michigan&#34; by Robin Saha and Paul Mohai&#10;The authors provide a changing historical account of the development of public environmental concern about hazardous waste sites, delineating three periods characterized by changing public concern, legal standing/responsibility for the siting of hazardous waste, and political participation in movements to structure the siting of hazardous waste. The authors maintain that varying levels of concern and participation in conjunction with changing legal responsibility for siting and the evolving dynamics of deindustrialization led to racial and class discrimination in the siting of waste.&#10;-Which of the following groups have been least successful in mobilizing to keep hazardous sites out of their communities:&#10;A) The upper-middle class&#10;B) The middle class&#10;C) Minority communities&#10;D) The working class.

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Question 36

From &#34;Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination&#34; by Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan&#10;The authors conduct a field experiment to determine if stereotypical ethnic and non-ethnic sounding names in resumes as well as return mailing addresses constitutes a perceived proxy for race, and, thus, constitutes racial discrimination in job applicant &#34;callbacks.&#34; The authors find it likely that a form of discrimination operates at all occupational levels and credentialing statuses.&#10;-Discuss the limitations of the methodology to identify discrimination employed by the authors.

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Question 37

From &#34;Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination&#34; by Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan&#10;The authors conduct a field experiment to determine if stereotypical ethnic and non-ethnic sounding names in resumes as well as return mailing addresses constitutes a perceived proxy for race, and, thus, constitutes racial discrimination in job applicant &#34;callbacks.&#34; The authors find it likely that a form of discrimination operates at all occupational levels and credentialing statuses.&#10;-Discuss findings concerning the racial gap in callbacks:&#10;A) across the occupational structure, and&#10;B) in &#34;returns&#34; to credentials.

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Question 38

From &#34;Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination&#34; by Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan&#10;The authors conduct a field experiment to determine if stereotypical ethnic and non-ethnic sounding names in resumes as well as return mailing addresses constitutes a perceived proxy for race, and, thus, constitutes racial discrimination in job applicant &#34;callbacks.&#34; The authors find it likely that a form of discrimination operates at all occupational levels and credentialing statuses.&#10;-The racial gap in callbacks widens as the quality of resumes increases.

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Question 39

From &#34;Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination&#34; by Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan&#10;The authors conduct a field experiment to determine if stereotypical ethnic and non-ethnic sounding names in resumes as well as return mailing addresses constitutes a perceived proxy for race, and, thus, constitutes racial discrimination in job applicant &#34;callbacks.&#34; The authors find it likely that a form of discrimination operates at all occupational levels and credentialing statuses.&#10;-The authors' study is intended to determine if there is discrimination in:&#10;A) Firing&#10;B) Hiring&#10;C) Promotions&#10;D) Layoffs.

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Question 40

From &#34;Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination&#34; by Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan&#10;The authors conduct a field experiment to determine if stereotypical ethnic and non-ethnic sounding names in resumes as well as return mailing addresses constitutes a perceived proxy for race, and, thus, constitutes racial discrimination in job applicant &#34;callbacks.&#34; The authors find it likely that a form of discrimination operates at all occupational levels and credentialing statuses.&#10;-In addition to names, the findings also suggest discrimination is taking place on the basis of:&#10;A) Signatures&#10;B) Addresses&#10;C) Writing utensils used in filling out application forms&#10;D) None of the above.

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Question 41

From &#34;Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination&#34; by Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan&#10;The authors conduct a field experiment to determine if stereotypical ethnic and non-ethnic sounding names in resumes as well as return mailing addresses constitutes a perceived proxy for race, and, thus, constitutes racial discrimination in job applicant &#34;callbacks.&#34; The authors find it likely that a form of discrimination operates at all occupational levels and credentialing statuses.&#10;-Discuss the ways the authors experimentally &#34;manipulate&#34; their design to increase the probability that they are assessing whether discrimination exists.

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Question 42

From &#34;Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination&#34; by Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan&#10;The authors conduct a field experiment to determine if stereotypical ethnic and non-ethnic sounding names in resumes as well as return mailing addresses constitutes a perceived proxy for race, and, thus, constitutes racial discrimination in job applicant &#34;callbacks.&#34; The authors find it likely that a form of discrimination operates at all occupational levels and credentialing statuses.&#10;-According to the authors, how do findings regarding inferior &#34;returns&#34; by way of callbacks for blacks relate to existing models of discrimination?

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Question 43

From Racism without Racists by Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
Bonilla-Silva explicates an ideology of racism--"color-blind racism"--that is widespread in contemporary American society. Based on four frames-- abstract liberalism, naturalization, cultural racism, and minimization of racism--color-blind racism is a way of appearing normal, moral, and reasonable while propagating beliefs that serve to reinforce the legacy of white racial privilege. The hallmarks of color-blind racism are its pliability, seeming sensibility, and fairness in judging minorities and policies that are appropriate to addressing racial inequality in life-chance opportunities.
-Which of the following is not a manifestation of color-blind racism?

A) A meritocratic rationale for defending white privilege
B) Rationalizing racial unfairness in the name of equal opportunity
C) "Nothing should be forced on people"
D) "Everyone gets their head handed to them sometimes."

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Question 44

From Racism without Racists by Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
Bonilla-Silva explicates an ideology of racism--"color-blind racism"--that is widespread in contemporary American society. Based on four frames-- abstract liberalism, naturalization, cultural racism, and minimization of racism--color-blind racism is a way of appearing normal, moral, and reasonable while propagating beliefs that serve to reinforce the legacy of white racial privilege. The hallmarks of color-blind racism are its pliability, seeming sensibility, and fairness in judging minorities and policies that are appropriate to addressing racial inequality in life-chance opportunities.
-Which of the following is not a manifestation of color-blind racism?

A) A meritocratic rationale for defending white privilege
B) Rationalizing racial unfairness in the name of equal opportunity
C) "Nothing should be forced on people"
D) "Everyone gets their head handed to them sometimes."

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Question 45

From Racism without Racists by Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
Bonilla-Silva explicates an ideology of racism--"color-blind racism"--that is widespread in contemporary American society. Based on four frames-- abstract liberalism, naturalization, cultural racism, and minimization of racism--color-blind racism is a way of appearing normal, moral, and reasonable while propagating beliefs that serve to reinforce the legacy of white racial privilege. The hallmarks of color-blind racism are its pliability, seeming sensibility, and fairness in judging minorities and policies that are appropriate to addressing racial inequality in life-chance opportunities.
-Which of the following is not a manifestation of color-blind racism?

A) A meritocratic rationale for defending white privilege
B) Rationalizing racial unfairness in the name of equal opportunity
C) "Nothing should be forced on people"
D) "Everyone gets their head handed to them sometimes."

Accepted Answer

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Question 46

From Racism without Racists by Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
Bonilla-Silva explicates an ideology of racism--"color-blind racism"--that is widespread in contemporary American society. Based on four frames-- abstract liberalism, naturalization, cultural racism, and minimization of racism--color-blind racism is a way of appearing normal, moral, and reasonable while propagating beliefs that serve to reinforce the legacy of white racial privilege. The hallmarks of color-blind racism are its pliability, seeming sensibility, and fairness in judging minorities and policies that are appropriate to addressing racial inequality in life-chance opportunities.
-Why, according to Bonilla-Silva, is color-blind racism negative for racial minorities?

A) It does not properly address the legacy or contemporary nature of racial oppression
B) It fails to address black racism
C) It creates biased affirmative-action programs
D) It allows minorities to become lazy.

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Question 47

From Racism without Racists by Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
Bonilla-Silva explicates an ideology of racism--"color-blind racism"--that is widespread in contemporary American society. Based on four frames-- abstract liberalism, naturalization, cultural racism, and minimization of racism--color-blind racism is a way of appearing normal, moral, and reasonable while propagating beliefs that serve to reinforce the legacy of white racial privilege. The hallmarks of color-blind racism are its pliability, seeming sensibility, and fairness in judging minorities and policies that are appropriate to addressing racial inequality in life-chance opportunities.
-Which of the following is not a manifestation of color-blind racism?

A) A meritocratic rationale for defending white privilege
B) Rationalizing racial unfairness in the name of equal opportunity
C) "Nothing should be forced on people"
D) "Everyone gets their head handed to them sometimes."

Accepted Answer

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Question 48

From Racism without Racists by Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
Bonilla-Silva explicates an ideology of racism--"color-blind racism"--that is widespread in contemporary American society. Based on four frames-- abstract liberalism, naturalization, cultural racism, and minimization of racism--color-blind racism is a way of appearing normal, moral, and reasonable while propagating beliefs that serve to reinforce the legacy of white racial privilege. The hallmarks of color-blind racism are its pliability, seeming sensibility, and fairness in judging minorities and policies that are appropriate to addressing racial inequality in life-chance opportunities.
-Why, according to Bonilla-Silva, is color-blind racism negative for racial minorities?

A) It does not properly address the legacy or contemporary nature of racial oppression
B) It fails to address black racism
C) It creates biased affirmative-action programs
D) It allows minorities to become lazy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of From Racism without Racists by Eduardo Bonilla-Silva&#10;Bonilla-Silva...

Question 49

From Racism without Racists by Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
Bonilla-Silva explicates an ideology of racism--"color-blind racism"--that is widespread in contemporary American society. Based on four frames-- abstract liberalism, naturalization, cultural racism, and minimization of racism--color-blind racism is a way of appearing normal, moral, and reasonable while propagating beliefs that serve to reinforce the legacy of white racial privilege. The hallmarks of color-blind racism are its pliability, seeming sensibility, and fairness in judging minorities and policies that are appropriate to addressing racial inequality in life-chance opportunities.
-Which of the following is not a manifestation of color-blind racism?

A) A meritocratic rationale for defending white privilege
B) Rationalizing racial unfairness in the name of equal opportunity
C) "Nothing should be forced on people"
D) "Everyone gets their head handed to them sometimes."

Accepted Answer

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Question 50

From The Myth of the Model Minority: Asian Americans Facing Racism by Rosalind S. Chou and Joe R. Feagin
Chou and Feagin document that model minorities experience great stress with pressure to conform to white-dominated society in the face of very strong racism and discrimination. Using in-depth interviews, the authors give voice to Asian Americans' experience with discrimination and how they cope with it as a model minority that--in the public consciousness--obscures the pressures and discriminatory experiences of model minorities.
-Discrimination against Asian Americans is relatively recent, dating back just several decades as they have increased their representation in American society.

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