Question 1

The process of &#34;enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health beyond prevention&#34; describes the World Health Organization's definition of:&#10;A) disease prevention.&#10;B) health education.&#10;C) health promotion.&#10;D) risk reduction.

Accepted Answer

The definition provided in the question, "enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health beyond prevention," is the exact definition of health promotion according to the World Health Organization. Disease prevention (A) focuses on preventing specific diseases from occurring through measures such as vaccines or lifestyle changes. Health education (B) involves teaching individuals about health-related topics, but may not necessarily involve empowering people to take control of their own health. Risk reduction (D) refers to reducing the likelihood of harm or negative outcomes from specific activities or behaviors. Therefore, the best choice for this definition is C) health promotion.

Question 2

The healthcare delivery system traditionally refers to:&#10;A) groups of healthcare providers (doctors, nurses, hospitals etc&#8230;) providing care to a specific population.&#10;B) the provision of personal healthcare (clinical) services.&#10;C) the financing structure of healthcare (clinical) services.&#10;D) the overall organization, financing, and provision of personal healthcare (clinical) services.

Accepted Answer

The healthcare delivery system refers to the overall organization, financing, and provision of personal healthcare (clinical) services. This includes all aspects of healthcare, including the groups of healthcare providers, the provision of services, and the financing structures that support it.

Question 3

Immunizations fall into what category of disease prevention?&#10;A) Primary prevention&#10;B) Secondary prevention&#10;C) Tertiary prevention

Accepted Answer

Immunizations fall under primary prevention because they help prevent the initial occurrence of a disease or infection.

Question 4

When a person is healthy, without signs and symptoms of disease, illness or injury, the level of prevention most appropriate would be:&#10;A) primary prevention.&#10;B) secondary prevention.&#10;C) tertiary prevention.&#10;D) No prevention is needed.

Accepted Answer

Primary prevention is the most appropriate level of prevention for a healthy individual because it focuses on preventing the onset of disease, illness or injury before it occurs. This is achieved through education and promotion of healthy behaviors, as well as immunizations and screenings. Secondary prevention is for individuals who already have signs or symptoms of a disease, while tertiary prevention is for individuals who are living with a chronic condition to prevent complications or further deterioration of health. No prevention is not a viable option as maintaining good health requires ongoing efforts to prevent illnesses and injuries from occurring.

Question 5

School-based programs to increase physical activity are an example of CDC's Health Impact in 5 Years (HI-5). This intervention represents which level of the health impact pyramid?&#10;A) Counseling and education&#10;B) Clinical intervention&#10;C) Changing the context&#10;D) Social determinants of health

Accepted Answer

School-based programs to increase physical activity aim to change the context by creating opportunities and supportive environments for physical activity. The Health Impact Pyramid identifies this level as a more effective and sustainable approach to improving population health compared to individual counseling and education or clinical interventions. Social determinants of health, on the other hand, are broader societal factors that influence health outcomes and are at the base of the pyramid.

Question 6

The National Health Expenditures (health expenditures for health and medical care services) in the United States for 2015 is closest to which of these figures?&#10;A) $350 million&#10;B) $350 billion&#10;C) $3.5 trillion&#10;D) $35 trillion

Accepted Answer

The National Health Expenditures for the United States in 2015 was approximately $3.5 trillion. This figure has been documented by multiple sources, including the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Therefore, the correct option is (C) $3.5 trillion. Option (D) $35 trillion is far beyond the current estimates for National Health Expenditures in the United States. Option (A) $350 million and Option (B) $350 billion are also much lower than the actual amount.

Question 7

The &#34;three buckets of prevention&#34; include all of the following except:&#10;A) increased use of evidence-based services for patient populations.&#10;B) provision of service outside of the clinical setting.&#10;C) implementation of preventive services to reach the entire population.&#10;D) increased use of research and development to improve clinical care.

Accepted Answer

The "three buckets of prevention" include A, B, and C but not D. The three buckets of prevention are strategies for improving healthcare prevention by targeting patient populations, entire populations, and locations outside of the clinical setting. The use of research and development to improve clinical care is not one of the three buckets.

Question 8

Employing case managers to do home-visits for patients whose asthma is not well-controlled despite health education and medication is an example of:&#10;A) traditional clinic based medical care.&#10;B) innovative clinical prevention.&#10;C) traditional community-wide public health prevention.&#10;D) traditional clinical prevention.

Accepted Answer

Employing case managers to do home-visits for patients whose asthma is not well-controlled despite health education and medication is an example of innovative clinical prevention because it involves a targeted and personalized approach to managing a specific health problem (poorly controlled asthma) using non-traditional methods (home visits by case managers) to achieve better health outcomes. It is not a traditional clinic-based medical care because it involves outreach to patients in their homes, rather than them having to come to a clinic, and it is not a traditional community-wide public health prevention because it focuses on individual patients with a specific health condition, rather than trying to improve the health of a whole community.

Question 9

Early detection of disease and interventions to reverse, halt, or at least slow the progression of a condition, often performed when disease is not yet symptomatic, is a description of:&#10;A) primary prevention.&#10;B) secondary prevention.&#10;C) tertiary prevention.&#10;D) quaternary prevention.

Accepted Answer

Early detection of disease and interventions to reverse, halt, or at least slow the progression of a condition, often performed when disease is not yet symptomatic, is a description of secondary prevention. Primary prevention refers to actions taken prior to the onset of any disease, while tertiary prevention focuses on managing the disease and preventing further complications. Quaternary prevention refers to preventing overmedicalization and unnecessary interventions.

Question 10

The approximate percentage of all health and medical care expenditures in the United States spent on clinical preventive and public health services is:&#10;A) 25-30%.&#10;B) 15-20%.&#10;C) 5-10%.&#10;D) less than 5%.

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, less than 5% of all health and medical care expenditures in the United States are spent on clinical preventive and public health services.

Question 11

The two largest categories of national health expenditures in the United States are:&#10;A) hospitals and nursing homes.&#10;B) physicians and hospitals.&#10;C) public health and physicians.&#10;D) hospitals and pharmaceuticals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The two largest categories of national health...

Question 12

Rank the following in terms of health care expenditures from greatest to least.&#10;A) Hospital care&#10;B) Prescription drugs&#10;C) Administration costs (for both government and private health insurance)&#10;D) Physician and clinical services

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rank the following in terms of health...

Question 13

In general, the increased costs of health care in the United States compared to other countries is not associated with:&#10;A) increased utilization of healthcare goods and services.&#10;B) increased prices associated with pharmaceuticals.&#10;C) higher administrative costs.&#10;D) increased prices associated with healthcare professional services.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In general, the increased costs of health...

Question 14

As a general rule, the United States spends ________ on social care relative to health care than other OECD countries.&#10;A) less&#10;B) more&#10;C) the same amount

Accepted Answer

The answer of As a general rule, the United States...

Question 15

One area in which the United States outperforms (does better than) other OECD countries relates to:&#10;A) air pollution.&#10;B) hospitalization rates for asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.&#10;C) tobacco rates.&#10;D) dementia mortality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One area in which the United States...

Question 16

In terms of its ranking for life expectancy at birth among the world's economically developed nations, the United States generally ranks:&#10;A) best (i.e., highest life expectancy) among developed countries.&#10;B) among the ten developed countries with the highest life expectancy.&#10;C) about average in terms of life expectancy among the developed countries.&#10;D) among the ten developed countries with the lowest life expectancy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In terms of its ranking for life...

Question 17

Which of these levels of the health impact pyramid has the greatest impact at the population level?&#10;A) Socioeconomic factors&#10;B) Long-lasting protective interventions&#10;C) Counseling and education&#10;D) Clinical interventions

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these levels of the health...

Question 18

By the year 2025, non-Hispanic whites will compose approximately what percentage of the total U.S. population?&#10;A) 80%&#10;B) 70%&#10;C) 60%&#10;D) 50%

Accepted Answer

The answer of By the year 2025, non-Hispanic whites will...

Question 19

Match the following as either primary, secondary, or tertiary medical care.&#10;-Care commonly provided by physicians and hospitals

Accepted Answer