Deck 10: Hereditary and Environmental Influences on Development

Question 1

In practical terms regarding genetic health care,nurses should be aware that

A) Genetic disorders equally affect people of all socioeconomic backgrounds, races, and ethnic groups.
B) Genetic health care is more concerned with populations than individuals.
C) The most important of all nursing functions is providing emotional support to the family during counseling.
D) Taking genetic histories is the province of large universities and medical centers.

Answer 1

The most important of all nursing functions is providing emotional support to the family during counseling.

Question 2

A couple has been counseled for genetic anomalies.They ask you,"What is karyotyping?" Your best response is

A) "Karyotyping will reveal if the baby's lungs are mature."
B) "Karyotyping will reveal if your baby will develop normally."
C) "Karyotyping will provide information about the gender of the baby and the number and structure of the chromosomes."
D) "Karyotyping will detect any physical deformities the baby has."

Answer 2

"Karyotyping will provide information about the gender of the baby and the number and structure of the chromosomes."

Question 3

How can a woman avoid exposing her fetus to teratogens?

A) Update her immunizations during the first trimester of her pregnancy.
B) Use saunas and hot tubs during the winter months only.
C) Use only class A drugs during her pregnancy.
D) Use alcoholic beverages only in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy.

Answer 3

Use only class A drugs during her pregnancy.

Question 4

Which statement is true of multifactorial disorders?

A) They may not be evident until later in life.
B) They are usually present and detectable at birth.
C) The disorders are characterized by multiple defects.
D) Secondary defects are rarely associated with multifactorial disease.

Question 5

The nurse is working in an OB/GYN office,where part of her duties include obtaining a patient's history and performing an initial assessment.Which woman is likely to be referred for genetic counseling after her first visit?

A) A pregnant woman who will be 40 years or older when her infant is born
B) A woman whose partner is 38 years of age
C) A patient who carries a Y-linked disorder
D) An anxious woman with a normal quadruple screening result

Question 6

A change in a gene that alters or harms function is known as a mutation.In contrast,an alternate healthy form of a gene is known as a ___________.

Question 7

The karyotype of a person is 47,XY,+21.This person is a

A) Normal male
B) Male with Down syndrome
C) Normal female
D) Female with Turner syndrome

Question 8

A baby is born with blood type AB.The father is type A,and the mother is type B.The father asks why the baby has a blood type different from those of his parents.The nurse's answer should be based on the knowledge that

A) Both A and B blood types are dominant.
B) The baby has a mutation of the parents' blood types.
C) Type A is recessive and links more easily with type B.
D) Types A and B are recessive when linked together.

Question 9

You are a maternal-newborn nurse caring for a mother who just delivered a baby born with Down syndrome.What nursing diagnosis is the most essential in caring for the mother of this infant?

A) Disturbed body image
B) Interrupted family processes
C) Anxiety
D) Risk for injury

Question 10

Which statement should a counselor make when telling a couple about the prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders?

A) Diagnosis can be obtained promptly through most hospital laboratories.
B) Common disorders can quickly be diagnosed through blood tests.
C) A comprehensive evaluation will result in an accurate diagnosis.
D) Diagnosis may be slow and could be inconclusive.

Question 11

Chromosomes are composed of genes,which are composed of DNA.Abnormalities are either numerical or structural in nature.Which abnormalities are structural? Select all that apply.

A) Part of a chromosome is missing.
B) The material within a chromosome is rearranged.
C) One or more sets of chromosomes are added.
D) Entire single chromosome is added.
E) Two chromosomes adhere to each other.

Question 12

Nurses who work in a high-risk perinatal setting may occasionally care for a pregnant woman who is given a specific drug for the sole purpose of fetal therapy,that is,cardiac medications.Is this statement true or false?

Question 13

A 35-year-old woman has an amniocentesis performed to find out whether her baby has a chromosome defect.Which statement by this patient indicates that she understands her situation?

A) "The doctor will tell me if I should have an abortion when the test results come back."
B) "I know support groups exist for parents who have a baby with birth defects, but we have plenty of insurance to cover what we need."
C) "When all the lab results come back, my husband and I will make a decision about the pregnancy."
D) "My mother must not find out about all this testing. If she does, she will think I'm having an abortion."

Question 14

People who have two copies of the same abnormal autosomal dominant gene will usually be

A) More severely affected by the disorder than will people with one copy of the gene
B) Infertile and unable to transmit the gene
C) Carriers of the trait but not affected with the disorder
D) Mildly affected with the disorder

Question 15

The ____________________ Project is an international effort begun in 1990 for the purpose of identifying all 46 human chromosomes.

Question 16

The nurse who has chosen to work in the field of genetics must have a clear understanding of genetic abnormalities when counseling parents.The nurse is explaining a single gene abnormality to new parents and states,"Although you are second cousins,you are at no greater risk for having a child with a genetic disorder."

Question 17

A woman tells the nurse at a prenatal interview that she has quit smoking,only has a glass of wine with dinner,and has cut down on coffee to four cups a day.What response by the nurse will be most helpful in promoting a lifestyle change?

A) "You have made some good progress toward having a healthy baby. Let's talk about the changes you have made."
B) "You need to do a lot better than that. You are still hurting your baby."
C) "Here are some pamphlets for you to study. They will help you find more ways to improve."
D) "Those few things won't cause any trouble. Good for you."

Question 18

Both members of an expectant couple are carriers for phenylketonuria (PKU),an autosomal recessive disorder.In counseling them about the risk to their unborn child,the nurse should tell them that

A) The child has a 25% chance of being affected.
B) The child will be a carrier, like the parents.
C) The child has a 50% chance of being affected.
D) One of four of their children will be affected.

Question 19

Which question by the nurse will most likely promote sharing of sensitive information during a genetic counseling interview?

A) "How many people in your family are mentally retarded or handicapped?"
B) "What kinds of defects or diseases seem to run in the family?"
C) "Did you know that you can always have an abortion if the fetus is abnormal?"
D) "Are there any family members who have learning or developmental problems?"

Question 20

Mechanical forces that interfere with normal prenatal development include oligohydramnios and fibrous amniotic bands.A patient at 34 weeks of gestation has reported to the OB triage unit for assessment of oligohydramnios.The nurse assigned to care for this patient is aware that prolonged oligohydramnios may result in (select all that apply)

A) Intrauterine limb amputations
B) Clubfoot
C) Delayed lung development
D) Other fetal abnormalities
E) Fetal deformations