Question 1

In practical terms regarding genetic health care,nurses should be aware that

Accepted Answer

C

Question 2

A couple has been counseled for genetic anomalies.They ask you,"What is karyotyping?" Your best response is

Accepted Answer

Karyotyping is a laboratory procedure that analyzes the number, shape, and size of an individual's chromosomes. In this context, it can reveal the gender of the baby and any abnormalities in the number or structure of the chromosomes that may lead to genetic disorders or birth defects. It does not provide information about lung maturity or physical deformities.

Question 3

How can a woman avoid exposing her fetus to teratogens?

Accepted Answer

Using only class A drugs during pregnancy can help avoid exposing the fetus to teratogens. Class A drugs are the safest for use during pregnancy, as they have been shown to have no adverse effects on the developing fetus. It is also important to avoid other teratogens, such as alcohol, tobacco, and certain medications and chemicals. Saunas and hot tubs should be avoided altogether during pregnancy as they can raise the body temperature to levels that are dangerous for the developing fetus. Updating immunizations is important, but should be done prior to pregnancy if possible, as some vaccines may not be safe during pregnancy. Limiting alcohol consumption is also important, as even small amounts can be harmful to the developing fetus.

Question 4

Which statement is true of multifactorial disorders?

Accepted Answer

Multifactorial disorders result from an interaction between a person's genetic susceptibility and environmental conditions that favor development of the defect.They are characteristically present and detectable at birth.They are usually single isolated defects,although the primary defect may cause secondary defects.Secondary defects can occur with multifactorial disorders.

Question 5

The nurse is working in an OB/GYN office,where part of her duties include obtaining a patient's history and performing an initial assessment.Which woman is likely to be referred for genetic counseling after her first visit?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is working in an OB/GYN...

Question 6

A change in a gene that alters or harms function is known as a mutation.In contrast,an alternate healthy form of a gene is known as a ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A change in a gene that alters...

Question 7

The karyotype of a person is 47,XY,+21.This person is a

Accepted Answer

The karyotype 47,XY,+21 indicates that the person has an extra copy of chromosome 21, which is characteristic of Down syndrome. This condition occurs in both males and females. A normal male would have a karyotype of 46,XY, a normal female would have a karyotype of 46,XX, and Turner syndrome is characterized by a missing or incomplete X chromosome, resulting in a karyotype of 45,X.

Question 8

A baby is born with blood type AB.The father is type A,and the mother is type B.The father asks why the baby has a blood type different from those of his parents.The nurse's answer should be based on the knowledge that

Accepted Answer

Both A and B blood types are dominant, which means that if an individual inherits both A and B alleles, their phenotype will be AB blood type. In this specific case, the baby inherited one A allele from the father and one B allele from the mother, resulting in type AB blood. It is not a mutation or a matter of recessiveness.

Question 9

You are a maternal-newborn nurse caring for a mother who just delivered a baby born with Down syndrome.What nursing diagnosis is the most essential in caring for the mother of this infant?

Accepted Answer

The birth of a child with Down syndrome can significantly impact family dynamics and processes, making "Interrupted family processes" a crucial nursing diagnosis to address.

Question 10

Which statement should a counselor make when telling a couple about the prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders?

Accepted Answer

Diagnosis of genetic disorders can be complex, often requiring specialized tests and time, and results may sometimes be inconclusive.

Question 11

Chromosomes are composed of genes,which are composed of DNA.Abnormalities are either numerical or structural in nature.Which abnormalities are structural? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Structural abnormalities involve changes to the structure of chromosomes, such as missing parts (A), rearrangements within a chromosome (B), or chromosomes adhering to each other (E). Numerical abnormalities involve changes in the number of chromosomes, such as adding entire chromosomes or sets (C, D).

Question 12

Nurses who work in a high-risk perinatal setting may occasionally care for a pregnant woman who is given a specific drug for the sole purpose of fetal therapy,that is,cardiac medications.Is this statement true or false?

Accepted Answer

This approach uses the mother as a conduit for medicating the fetus.This may be done at varying times during the pregnancy to allow for normal development and function of the fetus.Digoxin or propranolol might be given to an otherwise well mother who is carrying a fetus with a cardiac disorder.

Question 13

A 35-year-old woman has an amniocentesis performed to find out whether her baby has a chromosome defect.Which statement by this patient indicates that she understands her situation?

Accepted Answer

This statement shows that the patient understands the situation and the decision-making process that she and her husband will go through once they receive all the lab results. The other options (A, B, and D) show varying degrees of misunderstanding, misinformation, or stigma associated with prenatal testing and chromosomal abnormalities.

Question 14

People who have two copies of the same abnormal autosomal dominant gene will usually be

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant disorders only require one abnormal gene to be expressed. Thus, individuals with two copies of the same abnormal autosomal dominant gene (homozygous) will have the disorder and be more severely affected than individuals with one copy (heterozygous).

Question 15

The ____________________ Project is an international effort begun in 1990 for the purpose of identifying all 46 human chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____________________ Project is an international effort...

Question 16

The nurse who has chosen to work in the field of genetics must have a clear understanding of genetic abnormalities when counseling parents.The nurse is explaining a single gene abnormality to new parents and states,"Although you are second cousins,you are at no greater risk for having a child with a genetic disorder."

Accepted Answer

Parental consanguinity (blood relationships)increases the risk of having a child with an autosomal recessive disorder.

Question 17

A woman tells the nurse at a prenatal interview that she has quit smoking,only has a glass of wine with dinner,and has cut down on coffee to four cups a day.What response by the nurse will be most helpful in promoting a lifestyle change?

Accepted Answer

This response acknowledges the woman's progress and opens the conversation for further discussion and exploration of other healthy lifestyle changes she can make. It also avoids shaming or criticizing the woman for her current habits, which can be counterproductive.

Question 18

Both members of an expectant couple are carriers for phenylketonuria (PKU),an autosomal recessive disorder.In counseling them about the risk to their unborn child,the nurse should tell them that

Accepted Answer

When both parents are carriers of an autosomal recessive disorder like PKU, there is a 25% chance with each pregnancy that the child will inherit two copies of the recessive gene and be affected by the disorder.

Question 19

Which question by the nurse will most likely promote sharing of sensitive information during a genetic counseling interview?

Accepted Answer

The nurse should probe gently by using lay-oriented terminology rather than direct questions or statements.

Question 20

Mechanical forces that interfere with normal prenatal development include oligohydramnios and fibrous amniotic bands.A patient at 34 weeks of gestation has reported to the OB triage unit for assessment of oligohydramnios.The nurse assigned to care for this patient is aware that prolonged oligohydramnios may result in (select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mechanical forces that interfere with normal prenatal...

Quiz 10: Hereditary and Environmental Influences on Development