Deck 20: Quantitative Research Designs: Defining Variables and Their Relationships With One Another

Question 1

Descriptive quantitative research depicts naturally occurring events or characteristics of research participants to generate new insights through an inductive process.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

In descriptive research, the incidence is the number of new cases of a disease or disability in a population during a specified time period.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

In descriptive research, the prevalence is the percentage of people who have a particular health-related condition.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Correlational research seeks to find usual or average values for specific variables, thus serving as a basis to evaluate and compare an individual against a similar group.

Question 5

A cohort design is implemented to follow a group over time utilizing repeated measures at certain intervals.

Question 6

The possibility of failure to find and report a relationship among variables in a study when the relationship actually exists is a type I error.

Question 7

The biggest danger to scientific development is to report a relationship that does not exist. This is considered a type II error.

Question 8

Please match the following definitions.

-A design where the independent variables are administered to all randomly determined groups in a sequential order

A) Randomized controlled trial
B) Crossover design
C) Cross-sectional design
D) Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials
E) Case control design

Question 9

Please match the following definitions.

-A design in which groups of different types of persons, in terms of some immediate measureable dependent variable (e.g., age, presence of disability), are compared in response to exposure to an independent variable

A) Randomized controlled trial
B) Crossover design
C) Cross-sectional design
D) Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials
E) Case control design

Question 10

Please match the following definitions.

-An effort dedicated to improvement of randomized controlled trial (RCT) design and RCT reporting, providing a checklist of essential items that should be included in a RCT and a diagram for documenting

A) Randomized controlled trial
B) Crossover design
C) Cross-sectional design
D) Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials
E) Case control design

Question 11

Please match the following definitions.

-A design utilized to find out if some specific variable from the past discriminates between people who have a disease (or disability) and people who do not

A) Randomized controlled trial
B) Crossover design
C) Cross-sectional design
D) Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials
E) Case control design

Question 12

Please match the following definitions.

-An experiment where an important health outcome is the dependent variable, a clinical intervention is part of the independent variable, and research participants are recruited and randomly assigned over time as they become available

A) Randomized controlled trial
B) Crossover design
C) Cross-sectional design
D) Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials
E) Case control design

Question 13

In descriptive research, a developmental study is conducted to:

A) Describe patterns of growth or change over time within selected segments of a population
B) Obtain demographic data for a larger, multi-phase trial
C) Observe a population, describing the most culturally salient characteristics
D) Observe how mores within a group are demonstrated at a specific point in time

Question 14

Which of the following is not a step of a basic experiment?

A) Administering an independent variable
B) Developing an experimental hypothesis
C) Obtaining a representative sample
D) Assigning participants into cohorts according to defined characteristics

Question 15

All of the following statements are true regarding type I errors except:

A) They represent the possibility of reporting a relationship among variables in a study, when there really is no relationship
B) Basic experimental design reduces the chances of producing a type I error to a small and controllable amount
C) They represent a failure to find and report a relationship among variables in a study, when a relationship actually exists
D) Researchers can never be absolutely certain that a type I error has been made