Deck 29: Development and Inheritance

Question 1

During development,each somite may differentiate into a _______ that forms connective tissue.

A)a Sertoli cell
B)a dermatome
C)an ovary
D)myogenic cells
E)a ductus deferens

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Labor cannot take place until all of which hormone's effects are diminished?

A)Estrogen
B)Progesterone
C)Testosterone
D)Relaxin
E)Inhibin

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava in infants?

A)Ductus venosus
B)Ductus arteriosus
C)Anteriosum
D)Patent ductus arteriosus
E)Superior vena cava

Answer 3

A

Question 4

During pregnancy stroke volume can increase by

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%
E)50%

Question 5

Which of the following is the part of the blastocyst that promotes implantation and produces hCG?

A)Blastocyte
B)Blastosphere
C)Trophoblast
D)Blastocyst cavity
E)Uterine cavity

Question 6

Which of the following will become the primary structure for exchange of material between the mother and the fetus?

A)Chorionic villi of the placenta
B)Amnion
C)Amniotic fluid
D)Embryonic disc
E)Endoderm

Question 7

Which is the effector when oxytocin stimulates milk ejection?

A)glandular cells
B)plasma cells
C)neurosecretory cells
D)myoepithelial cells
E)all of these work together

Question 8

Fertilization normally occurs within which structure?

A)Ovary
B)Fallopian tube
C)Ovarian ligament
D)Body of uterus
E)Vagina

Question 9

Which of the following is the time from the onset of labor to the complete dilation of the cervix?

A)Stage of dilation
B)Stage of expulsion
C)Placental stage
D)Gestation
E)Effacement

Question 10

How many pairs of 8pharyngeal arches form in the future head and neck region during the fourth week?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 11

Which of the following is the portion of the endometrium that lies between the embryo and the stratum basale?

A)Decidua basalis
B)Decidua capsularis
C)Decidua parietalis
D)Lamina propria
E)Adventitia

Question 12

Which of the following is a series of functional changes that sperm go through when they are in the female reproductive tract?

A)Syngamy
B)Maturation
C)Fertilization
D)Capacitation
E)Polyspermy

Question 13

Which of the following is the connection between the placenta and the embryo?

A)Amnion
B)Chorion
C)Umbilical cord
D)Placenta
E)Capillary beds

Question 14

Gastrulation occurs at approximately which point after fertilization?

A)within days
B)during first 2 weeks of embryonic period
C)during third week of embryonic period
D)during fourth week of embryonic period
E)after the fifth week of embryonic period

Question 15

The fusion of the male pronucleus and the female pronucleus results in which developmental stage?

A)Female pronucleus
B)Male pronucleus
C)Zygote
D)Blastomeres
E)Morula

Question 16

CVS is taking cells from where?

A)Amnion
B)Chorion
C)Placenta
D)Umbilical cord
E)Uterus

Question 17

Which hormone is secreted by nonpregnant women from neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus?

A)GnRH
B)hCG
C)CRH
D)AFP
E)ATP

Question 18

Which of the following develops from the epiblast and carries a protective fluid?

A)Cytotrophoblast
B)Yolk sac
C)Exocoelomic membrane
D)Amnion
E)Lacunae

Question 19

What exam is performed between 14-16 weeks gestation and is used to detect genetic abnormalities?

A)Sonogram
B)Amniocentesis
C)CVS
D)AFP test
E)CBC

Question 20

Involution is

A)When the placenta is expelled
B)When the umbilical cord is cut
C)When the uterus decreases in size
D)When the cervix dilates
E)None of these choices

Question 21

What stage happens 3-4 days after fertilization?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 22

What stage happens 6 days after fertilization?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 23

If a child has B blood,and the mother has B blood,what is the possible phenotype of the father?

A)B
B)O
C)AB
D)B or O
E)B,O,A or AB

Question 24

Which structure was formerly called the blastocyst cavity?

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 25

What is line "G" pointing to?

A)Chorion
B)Chorionic villi
C)Sinusoid
D)Extraembryonic mesoderm
E)None of these choices

Question 26

Which of the following is a permanent heritable change in an allele?

A)Mutation
B)Capacitation
C)Specialization
D)Degeneration
E)Gastrulation

Question 27

Where are the fetal blood vessels in the figure?

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 28

A Barr body

A)is an inactivated X chromosome
B)cannot be stained
C)is transcribed and translated
D)is seen in males
E)is only found in humans

Question 29

What is line "A" pointing to?

A)Endometrial gland
B)Trophoblast
C)Embryoblast
D)Blastocyst
E)Dermatome

Question 30

What does figure "A" represent?

A)Cleavage of embryo
B)Cleavage of zygote
C)Cleavage of morula
D)Cleavage of blastocyst
E)Cleavage of fetus

Question 31

What is line "G" pointing to in this figure?

A)Chorionic villi
B)Amnion
C)Umbilical vein
D)Umbilical artery
E)Fetal blood vessels

Question 32

When phenotype can be drastically different depending on whether the gene is inherited from the mother or father it is called:

A)Mutation
B)Translocation
C)Genomic imprinting
D)Incomplete dominance
E)Nondisjunction

Question 33

Which one represents the morula stage?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 34

If one parent has type A blood and one parent has type B blood,what blood type is possible for their child?

A)AB
B)A
C)B
D)O
E)All of these choices

Question 35

Which one represents the blastocyst stage?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 36

Where is the amniotic cavity?

A)E
B)D
C)C
D)B
E)A

Question 37

Chromosome #15 is considered

A)A sex chromosome
B)An autosome
C)The SRY chromosome
D)A linked gene
E)A transposon

Question 38

This is composed of the syncytiotrophoblast and the cytotrophoblast.

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 39

Which cells are derived from the yolk sac and form a connective tissue layer?

A)A
B)B
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 40

An example of incomplete dominance is

A)ABO blood groups
B)Sickle-cell disease
C)Angelman Syndrome
D)Prader-Willi Syndrome
E)PKU

Question 41

A neural tube defect in the developing fetus may be detected by measuring the levels of which of the following substances?

A)human chorionic somatomammotropin
B)human chorionic gonadotropin
C)relaxin
D)maternal alpha-fetoprotein
E)corticotropin-releasing hormone

Question 42

Describe the products of the three primary germ layers.

Question 43

Describe the process and purpose of amniocentesis.

Question 44

Which condition listed is a developmental abnormality due to mechanical forces that mold a part of the fetus over a prolonged period of time?

A)Emesis gravidarum
B)Deformation
C)Turner's syndrome
D)Breech presentation
E)Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 45

Describe the hormonal events surrounding parturition.

Question 46

Which condition listed is also called morning sickness?

A)Emesis gravidarum
B)Deformation
C)Turner's syndrome
D)Breech presentation
E)Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 47

Clubfeet is an example of which condition listed?

A)Emesis gravidarum
B)Deformation
C)Turner's syndrome
D)Breech presentation
E)Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 48

A teratogen induced developmental defect resulting in characteristic facial features is associated with

A)Down syndrome
B)Prader-Willi syndrome
C)Fetal alcohol syndrome
D)Angelman syndrome
E)Sudden death syndrome

Question 49

Which condition listed is a malpresentation in which the fetal buttocks or lower limbs present into the maternal pelvis?

A)Emesis gravidarum
B)Deformation
C)Turner's syndrome
D)Breech presentation
E)Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 50

Red-green color blindness is a recessive,X-linked trait represented as X^c.(Normal color vision is represented as X^C. )If a daughter has red-green color blindness,what must the genotypes of her parents be?

Question 51

Which condition listed results from an infection originating in the birth canal following childbirth and affects the mother's endometrium?

A)Emesis gravidarum
B)Puerperal fever
C)Turner's syndrome
D)Hyperemesis gravidarum
E)Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 52

What is line "F" pointing to in the figure?

A)Umbilical arteries
B)Umbilical vein
C)Fetal blood vessels
D)Maternal endometrial arteriole
E)Chorionic villi

Question 53

If one was able to view the developing embryo and fetus,at which stage of the pregnancy would the gender of the baby be distinguishable for the first time?

A)5-8 weeks
B)9-12 weeks
C)13-16 weeks
D)17-20 weeks
E)21-25 weeks

Question 54

Which condition listed is a sex chromo some aneuploidy,caused by the presence of a single X chromosome designated XO?

A)Emesis gravidarum
B)Deformation
C)Turner's syndrome
D)Breech presentation
E)Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 55

Which of the following may be associated with anencephaly and a higher risk of ectopic pregnancies?

A)cigarette smoking during pregnancy
B)irradiation during pregnancy
C)alcohol consumption during pregnancy
D)contracting hepatitis B during pregnancy
E)contracting human papilloma virus during pregnancy

Question 56

During pregnancy,a malfunction during which weeks might lead to a breech presentation at birth?

A)21-25 weeks
B)26-29 weeks
C)30-34 weeks
D)35-38 weeks
E)9-12 weeks

Question 57

Distinguish between genotype and phenotype and explain how the environment may affect each.

Question 58

Which condition listed is a sex chromosome aneuploidy,usually due to trisomy XXY?

A)Emesis gravidarum
B)Deformation
C)Turner's syndrome
D)Breech presentation
E)Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 59

A deficiency in corticotropin-releasing hormone could lead to the development of _____ in the newborn.

A)liver disease
B)respiratory distress syndrome
C)cretinism
D)cardiovascular distress
E)hemolytic disease of the newborn

Question 60

The hormone associated with a change in gait of a pregnant woman in the later stages of pregnancy is

A)estrogen
B)human chorionic gonadotropin
C)progesterone
D)inhibin
E)relaxin

Question 61

Which of the following is a noninvasive prenatal test?

A)AFP
B)CVS
C)Amniocentesis
D)All of these
E)None of these

Question 62

Which hormone causes release of milk into the mammary ducts via the milk ejection reflex?

A)Prolactin
B)Oxytocin
C)Estrogen
D)Progesterone
E)Aldosterone

Question 63

In an individual who is heterozygous for a certain gene,the dominant allele is responsible for that person having diabetes insipidus.What is the masked,recessive trait in this individual?

A)Normal vision
B)Normal urine excretion
C)Normal digits
D)Normal chloride transport
E)Normal skin pigmentation

Question 64

Which of the following structures is(are)produced from the endoderm?

A)Cartilage
B)Dermis of the skin
C)Kidneys and ureters
D)Internal and external ear
E)Gametes

Question 65

Explain how certain types of clothing may lead to male infertility.

Question 66

When are the three primary germ layers established during pregnancy?

A)First week of development
B)Second week of development
C)Third week of development
D)Fourth week of development
E)Second month of development

Question 67

Which condition listed is a sex chromosome aneuploidy characterized by at least 3 X chromosomes (XXX)?

A)Emesis gravidarum
B)Metafemale syndrome
C)Turner's syndrome
D)Lethal gene
E)Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 68

In an individual who is heterozygous for a certain gene,the dominant allele is responsible for that person having the trait of polydactyly.What is the masked,recessive trait in this individual?

A)Normal vision
B)Brachydactyly
C)Normal digits
D)Syndactylism
E)Straight thumb

Question 69

Endoderm gives rise to which of these structures?

A)Adrenal cortex
B)Gonads
C)Epithelium of the oral cavity
D)Epithelial lining of the pharynx
E)Neuroepithelium of sense organs

Question 70

Which of the terms below describes the beginning or first discernable indication of the development of an organ or structure?

A)Conceptus
B)Primordium
C)Epigenesis
D)Karyotype
E)Fertilization age

Question 71

Which of the terms below includes all structures that develop from a zygote: the embryo,the embryonic placenta and its associated membranes?

A)Conceptus
B)Primordium
C)Epigenesis
D)Gestational age
E)Karyotype

Question 72

The principal hormone in promoting milk production is

A)oxytocin
B)estrogen
C)progesterone
D)colostrum
E)prolactin

Question 73

If a woman who recently gave birth wants to continue to nurse newborn infants,even if they are not hers,could she do this indefinitely? If possible,why can she continue to do so?

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT produced from the mesoderm?

A)Melanocytes
B)Skeletal muscle
C)Cardiac muscle
D)Blood vessels
E)Lymphatic tissue

Question 75

Which of the terms below describes the development of an organism from an undifferentiated cell?

A)Conceptus
B)Primordium
C)Epigenesis
D)Karyotype
E)Fertilization age

Question 76

In an individual who is heterozygous for a certain trait,the dominant allele gives normal skin pigmentation.What is the masked,recessive trait in this individual?

A)Normal vision
B)Albinism
C)Normal nervous system
D)Polydactyly
E)Cystic fibrosis

Question 77

What is the term used to describe the age of an embryo or fetus calculated from the presumed first day of the last normal menstrual period?

A)Conceptus
B)Primordium
C)Epigenesis
D)Gestational age
E)Fertilization age

Question 78

Which of the terms below describes the chromosomal characteristic of an individual presented as a systematic arrangement of pairs of metaphase chromosomes arranged by size?

A)Conceptus
B)Primordium
C)Epigenesis
D)Karyotype
E)Fertilization age

Question 79

In an individual who is heterozygous for a certain trait,the dominant allele gives Huntington's disease.What is the masked,recessive trait in this individual?

A)Normal vision
B)Normal digits
C)Normal nervous system
D)Polydactyly
E)Straight thumb

Question 80

Which of the following is a function of the hormone corticotropin-releasing hormone?

A)Maintain endometrium of uterus during pregnancy
B)Help prepare mammary glands for lactation
C)Establish the timing of birth
D)Increase flexibility of the pubic symphysis
E)All of these are functions of CRH