Question 1

During development,each somite may differentiate into a _______ that forms connective tissue.
A)a Sertoli cell
B)a dermatome
C)an ovary
D)myogenic cells
E)a ductus deferens

Accepted Answer

A dermatome is a distinct area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve. During development, each somite gives rise to a dermatome, which, in turn, forms connective tissue, including muscle, bone, and skin.

Question 2

Labor cannot take place until all of which hormone's effects are diminished?
A)Estrogen
B)Progesterone
C)Testosterone
D)Relaxin
E)Inhibin

Accepted Answer

Progesterone is the hormone that maintains the uterine lining during pregnancy and inhibits uterine contractions. Labor cannot begin until progesterone levels decrease and the effects are diminished, allowing for the onset of contractions. Estrogen, testosterone, relaxin, and inhibin all play important roles in pregnancy and labor, but do not need to be diminished before labor can begin.

Question 3

What connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava in infants?
A)Ductus venosus
B)Ductus arteriosus
C)Anteriosum
D)Patent ductus arteriosus
E)Superior vena cava

Accepted Answer

The umbilical vein connects to the inferior vena cava in infants via the ductus venosus. This allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver and enter the systemic circulation.

Question 4

During pregnancy stroke volume can increase by
A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%
E)50%

Accepted Answer

During pregnancy, stroke volume can increase by up to 30% due to an increase in blood volume and cardiac output to support the growing fetus. However, an increase of 40% or higher may indicate a potential complication, such as cardiac disease. Therefore, option C (30%) is the most accurate answer.

Question 5

Which of the following is the part of the blastocyst that promotes implantation and produces hCG?
A)Blastocyte
B)Blastosphere
C)Trophoblast
D)Blastocyst cavity
E)Uterine cavity

Accepted Answer

The trophoblast is the outer layer of the blastocyst that develops into the placenta and produces hCG. It is also responsible for initiating implantation into the uterine wall. The blastocyte, blastosphere, blastocyst cavity, and uterine cavity are not directly involved in this process.

Question 6

Which of the following will become the primary structure for exchange of material between the mother and the fetus?
A)Chorionic villi of the placenta
B)Amnion
C)Amniotic fluid
D)Embryonic disc
E)Endoderm

Accepted Answer

The chorionic villi of the placenta are responsible for the exchange of material between the mother and fetus. The chorionic villi are finger-like projections that extend from the chorion (the outermost fetal membrane) and embed themselves in the mother's uterine lining. This allows for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the maternal blood and fetal blood.

Question 7

Which is the effector when oxytocin stimulates milk ejection?
A)glandular cells
B)plasma cells
C)neurosecretory cells
D)myoepithelial cells
E)all of these work together

Accepted Answer

Myoepithelial cells are the effector cells that are stimulated by oxytocin to initiate milk ejection. These cells surround the alveoli and ducts and have contractile properties that help to squeeze the milk out into the ducts for breastfeeding. Glandular cells produce the milk, plasma cells are a type of white blood cell involved in immunity, and neurosecretory cells are responsible for producing and secreting oxytocin. However, all of these cells work together to facilitate milk production and breastfeeding.

Question 8

Fertilization normally occurs within which structure?
A)Ovary
B)Fallopian tube
C)Ovarian ligament
D)Body of uterus
E)Vagina

Accepted Answer

Fertilization typically occurs within the fallopian tube, where the egg and sperm meet and combine to form a zygote. The other structures listed (ovary, ovarian ligament, body of uterus, vagina) are not directly involved in the process of fertilization.

Question 9

Which of the following is the time from the onset of labor to the complete dilation of the cervix?
A)Stage of dilation
B)Stage of expulsion
C)Placental stage
D)Gestation
E)Effacement

Accepted Answer

The time from the onset of labor to the complete dilation of the cervix is known as the stage of dilation in the process of childbirth.

Question 10

How many pairs of 8pharyngeal arches form in the future head and neck region during the fourth week?
A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Accepted Answer

During the fourth week of embryonic development, four pairs of pharyngeal arches form in the future head and neck region. Each pharyngeal arch will give rise to specific structures such as muscles, nerves, and blood vessels.

Question 11

Which of the following is the portion of the endometrium that lies between the embryo and the stratum basale?
A)Decidua basalis
B)Decidua capsularis
C)Decidua parietalis
D)Lamina propria
E)Adventitia

Accepted Answer

The decidua basalis is the portion of the endometrium that lies between the embryo and the stratum basale. It is responsible for forming the maternal portion of the placenta. The decidua capsularis is the portion of the endometrium that surrounds the embryo and enlarges to cover it as it grows. The decidua parietalis is the portion of the endometrium that lines the rest of the uterus. The lamina propria is the connective tissue layer underneath the epithelium of the endometrium, and the adventitia is the outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding the uterus.

Question 12

Which of the following is a series of functional changes that sperm go through when they are in the female reproductive tract?
A)Syngamy
B)Maturation
C)Fertilization
D)Capacitation
E)Polyspermy

Accepted Answer

Capacitation is the series of functional changes that sperm go through while in the female reproductive tract, which prepares them for fertilization. The other options listed are not specific to the changes that sperm undergo in the female reproductive tract. Syngamy refers to the fusion of two gametes during fertilization, maturation could refer to the process of sperm cell development or the maturation of the egg, fertilization is the overall process of the sperm fertilizing the egg, and polyspermy is when an egg is fertilized by more than one sperm cell.

Question 13

Which of the following is the connection between the placenta and the embryo?
A)Amnion
B)Chorion
C)Umbilical cord
D)Placenta
E)Capillary beds

Accepted Answer

The umbilical cord connects the placenta to the embryo and serves as a pathway for nutrients and oxygen to reach the developing fetus and for waste products to be removed. The placenta itself is an organ that develops within the uterus during pregnancy and facilitates the exchange of materials between the mother's blood supply and the embryo/fetus. The amnion is a membrane that surrounds and encloses the embryo/fetus, while the chorion is a separate membrane that forms the outer layer of the embryo/fetus and contributes to the formation of the placenta. Capillary beds are networks of tiny blood vessels that are important for the exchange of materials within tissues, but they do not specifically connect the placenta and embryo/fetus.

Question 14

Gastrulation occurs at approximately which point after fertilization?
A)within days
B)during first 2 weeks of embryonic period
C)during third week of embryonic period
D)during fourth week of embryonic period
E)after the fifth week of embryonic period

Accepted Answer

Gastrulation occurs during the third week of embryonic period, which is approximately 14-21 days after fertilization.

Question 15

The fusion of the male pronucleus and the female pronucleus results in which developmental stage?
A)Female pronucleus
B)Male pronucleus
C)Zygote
D)Blastomeres
E)Morula

Accepted Answer

The fusion of the male pronucleus and the female pronucleus results in the formation of a zygote, which is the first stage of embryonic development.

Question 16

CVS is taking cells from where?
A)Amnion
B)Chorion
C)Placenta
D)Umbilical cord
E)Uterus

Accepted Answer

CVS, or Chorionic Villus Sampling, involves taking cells from the chorion, which is a part of the placenta.

Question 17

Which hormone is secreted by nonpregnant women from neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus?
A)GnRH
B)hCG
C)CRH
D)AFP
E)ATP

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which hormone is secreted by nonpregnant women...

Question 18

Which of the following develops from the epiblast and carries a protective fluid?
A)Cytotrophoblast
B)Yolk sac
C)Exocoelomic membrane
D)Amnion
E)Lacunae

Accepted Answer

The amnion develops from the epiblast and surrounds the embryo, carrying a protective fluid called amniotic fluid.

Question 19

What exam is performed between 14-16 weeks gestation and is used to detect genetic abnormalities?
A)Sonogram
B)Amniocentesis
C)CVS
D)AFP test
E)CBC

Accepted Answer

Amniocentesis is typically performed between 14-16 weeks of gestation to detect genetic abnormalities.

Question 20

Involution is
A)When the placenta is expelled
B)When the umbilical cord is cut
C)When the uterus decreases in size
D)When the cervix dilates
E)None of these choices

Accepted Answer

Involution refers to the process by which the uterus returns to its pre-pregnancy state after childbirth, reducing in size and weight. The other options do not accurately describe involution.

Quiz 29: Development and Inheritance

During development,each somite may differentiate into a _______ that forms connective tissue.

Labor cannot take place until all of which hormone's effects are diminished?

What connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava in infants?

During pregnancy stroke volume can increase by

Which of the following is the part of the blastocyst that promotes implantation and produces hCG?

Which of the following will become the primary structure for exchange of material between the mother and the fetus?

Which is the effector when oxytocin stimulates milk ejection?

Fertilization normally occurs within which structure?

Which of the following is the time from the onset of labor to the complete dilation of the cervix?

How many pairs of 8pharyngeal arches form in the future head and neck region during the fourth week?

Which of the following is the portion of the endometrium that lies between the embryo and the stratum basale?

Which of the following is a series of functional changes that sperm go through when they are in the female reproductive tract?

Which of the following is the connection between the placenta and the embryo?

Gastrulation occurs at approximately which point after fertilization?

The fusion of the male pronucleus and the female pronucleus results in which developmental stage?

CVS is taking cells from where?

Which hormone is secreted by nonpregnant women from neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus?

Which of the following develops from the epiblast and carries a protective fluid?

What exam is performed between 14-16 weeks gestation and is used to detect genetic abnormalities?

Involution is