Deck 27: Evidence Based Practice and Research

Question 1

From a health information technology perspective, health care research has faced some impediments. Which of the following has impeded health care research?

A)Slow adoption of uniform languages
B)Limited funding
C)Rapid adoption of data exchange standards
D)Confidentiality of private health information (PHI)
E)Failure to attain a birth-to-death electronic health record (EHR)

Answer 1

Slow adoption of uniform languages
Limited funding
Confidentiality of private health information (PHI)
Failure to attain a birth-to-death electronic health record (EHR)

Question 2

Constant changes in health care and its delivery creates challenges for clinicians to keep abreast of the latest evidence-based practice (EBP) findings and recommendations. What can health care professionals do in order to narrow the time in synthesizing research from the "bench" to the client's "bedside"?

A)Use available toolkits to locate existing guidelines and develop EBP guidelines.
B)Locate nursing research Web links.
C)Enroll in a doctoral program.
D)Foster health care informatics skills.
E)Join a focused online discussion group to help identify specific areas for EBP or original research.

Answer 2

Use available toolkits to locate existing guidelines and develop EBP guidelines.
Locate nursing research Web links.
Foster health care informatics skills.
Join a focused online discussion group to help identify specific areas for EBP or original research.

Question 3

A qualitative researcher studying lived experiences of congestive heart failure clients wishes to analyze data obtained from client interviews. Which of the following software programs are best suited for this researcher's purpose?

A)SYSTAT and HyperRESEARCH
B)NUD*IST and Nvivo
C)BMDP and DataDesk
D)SAS and SPSS

Answer 3

NUD*IST and Nvivo

Question 4

Which of the following is an advantage of uniform nursing languages, such as The Omaha System?

A)Standards for information systems are no longer needed.
B)Nursing data may be collected only in similar health care settings.
C)All contain the same type of data on nursing care and outcomes.
D)Studies using the same language may be replicated more easily.

Question 5

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) requires health care providers and insurers to obtain additional documentation from researchers related to assurances of patient safety and confidentiality. Which of the following is the key concern about human subjects in health care research?

A)That all subjects are protected from the researcher getting access to their confidential information before disclosing their health information
B)That authorization is still required even if an institutional review board grants a waiver or alteration of authorization requirements
C)That authorization is still required even if information has been de-identified according to Privacy Rule standards
D)That one signed authorization form for research is valid for a current research study and covers any future research projects

Question 6

A program outcome essential for health care students is that they be skilled in which of the following?

A)Electronic spreadsheet applications
B)Electronic database management applications
C)Applications that facilitate electronic literature searches
D)Electronic slide presentation applications

Question 7

Which statement is true regarding the realization of a universal electronic health record (EHR)?

A)Security and confidentiality issues have been resolved.
B)The EHR exists only in private, for-profit acute-care institutions.
C)Health care providers are unified in the standardization of the EHR.
D)The lack of common language prevents the EHR from becoming a reality.

Question 8

Data mining supports sifting through large volumes of data at rapid speeds. In which instance would the use of data mining be inappropriate?

A)To provide information that may enhance the company's market share
B)To hide confidential information in databases using real values
C)To identify common factors relating to medication errors
D)To search databases to review trends in the health care arena

Question 9

A nurse researcher selects a notebook computer to collect data for a research study. Which statement regarding data collection using mobile devices is accurate?

A)Transcription errors may occur during data transmission.
B)An interactive data collection tool may not be appealing to the participant.
C)Time and costs relating to scrubbing data are usually much reduced.
D)Redundant data entry may occur until the researcher becomes more skilled.

Question 10

For which type of research is knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) least appropriate?

A)To cross-link risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
B)To identify the efficacy of a treatment for children with the rare and fatal Batten disease.
C)To test the hypothesis that polycystic kidney disease is best treated with antihypertensive
D)To determine the most significant risk factors for congestive heart failure

Question 11

Sigma Theta Tau International completed a landmark EBP study in 2006. Which of the following was included in the findings?

A)Nurses are comfortable seeking information to provide EBP patient care and had sufficient access to appropriate materials to personally engage in EBP.
B)Nurses who entered practice less than two years earlier were least comfortable with providing EBP patient care.
C)Nurses who entered practice five or more years earlier were most comfortable with providing EBP patient care.
D)Nurses lacked access to appropriate materials to personally engage in EBP.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about evidence-based practice (EBP) is true?

A)Hospitals have not yet begun to build EBP into their clinical ladders.
B)The standards of practice are not currently established with evidence-based competencies.
C)Staff nurses indicate higher levels of familiarity with EBP than advanced practice nurses.
D)A number of facilities now consider EBP to be part of everyday clinical practice.

Question 13

Which type of research is best suited for using nurmetrics?

A)The compilation of unified medical language systems into a universal language
B)The collapsing of databases into one large data set for research purposes
C)The generation and testing of new models of health care delivery using computers
D)The collection of data to create a uniform data set for nursing care and outcomes

Question 14

An ethnographer selects Ethnograph, a software program to analyze data obtained from client interviews. Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of using software for qualitative research?

A)Data must be sorted manually into subsets for future analysis.
B)Research may be molded to fit the software program.
C)The researcher must input data separately for the best analysis.
D)There is less available time for data analysis.

Question 15

A nursing student wishes to initiate a search for interesting research topics. The student decides to peruse client positioning during pulmonary artery catheter readings. Among the following, which are suitable for this topic?

A)PsychINFO
B)MEDLINE
C)Google
D)CINAHL
E)PubMed

Question 16

Knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) is a term used in other industries that is now seen in health care circles. Which of the following statements about KDD is accurate?

A)It is a powerful tool suitable for the analysis of large or small amounts of data.
B)It is not available commercially, but platforms can be custom built to suit the facility.
C)The confidentiality of individual records may be protected through the use of data perturbation.
D)The lack of bias is guaranteed by the vendor related to the complex patterns in collected data.

Question 17

Clinical researchers have experienced barriers due to HIPPA. These researchers need to be aware of HIPAA's Privacy Rule because it establishes the conditions under which covered entities can use or disclose PHI. Which of the following statements about HIPPA covered entities is accurate?

A)Researchers are not covered entities unless they are also health care providers or employed by a covered entity or engage in any of the electronic transactions covered under HIPAA.
B)Researchers are always considered to be covered entities for transactions covered under HIPAA so long as they are conducting a valid study.
C)When difficulties arise with small sample size, covered entities are not allowed to disclose PHI to researchers to aid in study recruitment.
D)Covered entities do not include providers that transmit health information electronically for HIPAA transactions, health plans, and clearinghouses unless they are certified via a national examination.

Question 18

The lack of a common language to facilitate data collection and decision making was recognized as a problem in health care and nursing several years ago. Which of the following are recognized nursing languages?

A)CCC
B)UMLS
C)NOC
D)PNDS
E)ICNP

Question 19

Standardized languages provide a mechanism to ensure common meanings to terms, facilitate data collection, and aid research. Which of the following languages includes all nursing specialties and demonstrates the ability to encompass other standardized nursing languages?

A)ICNP
B)NANDA
C)NIC
D)NOC

Question 20

Which statement regarding data collection via the Internet is accurate?

A)Ethical issues are minimized because complete privacy of client response is assured.
B)E-mails cannot be used because there may be errors in interpretation and transcription.
C)Selection bias is eliminated because the Internet allows participation from all over the world.
D)Data collection is automated, allowing the data to be exported to other programs more easily.

Question 21

Data collection via the Internet can offer special advantages. Which of the following tools also facilitates research?

A)Electronic databases
B)Online group discussions
C)Privacy standards
D)Cookies
E)Digital libraries

Question 22

Which form of technology has recently been designated as useful at the point of care?

A)Computer on wheels
B)Monitoring DVDs
C)Portable Dynamap
D)Personal digital assistant

Question 23

Which of the following activities are involved in producing a thorough and comprehensive review of research databases?

A)Understanding the process of comprehensive and systematic search of databases
B)Selecting and appraising relevant studies
C)Extracting relevant information from the research articles that have been found to be scientifically rigorous and meritorious
D)Developing competency and skills in extracting relevant information
E)Structuring the results of the systematic review in a clear and succinct manner

Question 24

Which of the following provides an effective means of researching primary research in a logical and systematic manner, providing a more efficient and effective means to find credible scientific information than if one were doing a general Web search?

A)Wikis
B)Systematic literature searches
C)Blogging
D)Telehealth

Question 25

It is important for nurses to bridge the gap between practice and research to promote safe, evidence-based nursing care. One of the best ways to close this gap is by which of the following?

A)Extrapolate data from the electronic health record (EHR).
B)Write all patient data in the nurse's station notebook.
C)Analyze singular pieces of data and note its relevance to all patients.
D)Keep data that seem irrelevant from the research committee.

Question 26

Which of the following methods is not useful in the facilitation of both evidence-based practice and research through the identification of questions, location of literature, systematic reviews, and resources?

A)Electronic literature searches
B)Online discussion groups
C)Comparative effectiveness research (CER)
D)Digital libraries

Question 27

__________________________ is an approach to providing care that integrates nursing experience and intuition with valid and current clinical research to achieve the best patient outcomes

Question 28

_______________________ provide up-to-date information from peer-reviewed data-based research.

Question 29

The electronic health record (EHR) provides the database needed to support research and evidence-based practice. Which of the following best depicts the use of the EHR in the collection of data?

A)Only experienced clinicians understand the usage of EHR data.
B)Incorporation of evidence-based guidelines into the EHR can improve the quality of care.
C)Extrapolating data from an EHR can be a lengthy process and counterproductive.
D)The EHR can be a reservoir for research studies.

Question 30

____________________________________ have the capacity to locate a plethora of research, data, and information in a rapid period of time.

Question 31

A busy, inner city CCU has had a record number of nosocomial infections during the month of December. The head nurse held a meeting with the department to begin a systematic review process of all of the infected patients. In order to facilitate the collection of relevant data, she can eliminate a barrier to the collection of data by the point of care staff through which of the following?

A)Allowing nurses who are comfortable with the research process to collect data
B)Hiring a consultant to create the research process and collect data
C)Providing workshops and preceptors to guide the nurses
D)Asking the staff to work an extra hour per week to facilitate collection

Question 32

Which of the following technologies does collaborative computing not use to achieve its goals?

A)E-mail and desktop videoconferencing
B)Digital libraries
C)Handheld devices
D)Shared databases

Question 33

Which of the following best supports the need for translational research in health care?

A)More emphasis will be placed on interdisciplinary translation of research in the coming decade.
B)Nurses are the only health care provider capable of understanding best practice models.
C)There is not as much demand for translational research today as there was five years ago.
D)Translational research is a new concept in health care.

Question 34

Which of the following is essential to provide the means to search the literature and apply clinical knowledge, improving practice and safety as well as meeting the standards of excellence required for regulatory and credentialing standards and Magnet status?

A)Information technology tools
B)Computerized databases
C)Technology websites
D)Online libraries