Question 1

From a health information technology perspective, health care research has faced some impediments. Which of the following has impeded health care research?
A)Slow adoption of uniform languages
B)Limited funding
C)Rapid adoption of data exchange standards
D)Confidentiality of private health information (PHI)
E)Failure to attain a birth-to-death electronic health record (EHR)

Accepted Answer

Health care research has faced impediments due to slow adoption of uniform languages, which makes data sharing and comparison difficult. Limited funding restricts the scope and scale of research projects. Confidentiality of private health information (PHI) imposes legal and ethical constraints on data access and use. Failure to attain a birth-to-death electronic health record (EHR) limits longitudinal studies and comprehensive patient data analysis. Rapid adoption of data exchange standards would actually facilitate rather than impede research, by making data more accessible and interoperable.

Question 2

Constant changes in health care and its delivery creates challenges for clinicians to keep abreast of the latest evidence-based practice (EBP) findings and recommendations. What can health care professionals do in order to narrow the time in synthesizing research from the "bench" to the client's "bedside"?
A)Use available toolkits to locate existing guidelines and develop EBP guidelines.
B)Locate nursing research Web links.
C)Enroll in a doctoral program.
D)Foster health care informatics skills.
E)Join a focused online discussion group to help identify specific areas for EBP or original research.

Accepted Answer

A,B,D,E

Question 3

A qualitative researcher studying lived experiences of congestive heart failure clients wishes to analyze data obtained from client interviews. Which of the following software programs are best suited for this researcher's purpose?
A)SYSTAT and HyperRESEARCH
B)NUD*IST and Nvivo
C)BMDP and DataDesk
D)SAS and SPSS

Accepted Answer

NUD*IST and Nvivo are qualitative data analysis software programs that are specifically designed for coding and analyzing interview data, making them the best choice for a researcher studying lived experiences of congestive heart failure clients. SYSTAT and HyperRESEARCH are statistical software programs typically used for quantitative data analysis, while BMDP and DataDesk are advanced statistical software programs used for large and complex data sets. SAS and SPSS are also statistical software programs that are frequently used for quantitative data analysis.

Question 4

Which of the following is an advantage of uniform nursing languages, such as The Omaha System?
A)Standards for information systems are no longer needed.
B)Nursing data may be collected only in similar health care settings.
C)All contain the same type of data on nursing care and outcomes.
D)Studies using the same language may be replicated more easily.

Accepted Answer

The use of uniform nursing languages, such as The Omaha System, allows for studies using the same language to be replicated more easily. This enables researchers to build on existing research and gather more accurate data, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes. Standards for information systems are still needed, and nursing data can be collected in a variety of healthcare settings. While there may be similarities in the data collected, uniform nursing languages allow for flexibility in documenting unique patient care and outcomes.

Question 5

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) requires health care providers and insurers to obtain additional documentation from researchers related to assurances of patient safety and confidentiality. Which of the following is the key concern about human subjects in health care research?
A)That all subjects are protected from the researcher getting access to their confidential information before disclosing their health information
B)That authorization is still required even if an institutional review board grants a waiver or alteration of authorization requirements
C)That authorization is still required even if information has been de-identified according to Privacy Rule standards
D)That one signed authorization form for research is valid for a current research study and covers any future research projects

Accepted Answer

The key concern about human subjects in health care research is the protection of patient safety and confidentiality. HIPAA requires health care providers and insurers to obtain additional documentation from researchers to ensure that patients' confidential information is not accessed before authorization is given.

Question 6

A program outcome essential for health care students is that they be skilled in which of the following?
A)Electronic spreadsheet applications
B)Electronic database management applications
C)Applications that facilitate electronic literature searches
D)Electronic slide presentation applications

Accepted Answer

Applications that facilitate electronic literature searches are essential for healthcare students as they enable them to efficiently access and evaluate relevant and current research evidence to inform their practice. Electronic spreadsheet, database management, and slide presentation applications may also be useful in some contexts, but they are not as central to healthcare education as electronic literature search tools.

Question 7

Which statement is true regarding the realization of a universal electronic health record (EHR)?
A)Security and confidentiality issues have been resolved.
B)The EHR exists only in private, for-profit acute-care institutions.
C)Health care providers are unified in the standardization of the EHR.
D)The lack of common language prevents the EHR from becoming a reality.

Accepted Answer

The lack of a common language, or standardization, is a major barrier to the realization of a universal electronic health record. While progress has been made in addressing security and confidentiality concerns, and some private, for-profit acute-care institutions have implemented EHR systems, there is still a lack of unification among health care providers in terms of EHR standardization.

Question 8

Data mining supports sifting through large volumes of data at rapid speeds. In which instance would the use of data mining be inappropriate?
A)To provide information that may enhance the company's market share
B)To hide confidential information in databases using real values
C)To identify common factors relating to medication errors
D)To search databases to review trends in the health care arena

Accepted Answer

Data mining should not be used to hide confidential information in databases. It is unethical and can also be illegal. All other options mentioned are appropriate uses of data mining.

Question 9

A nurse researcher selects a notebook computer to collect data for a research study. Which statement regarding data collection using mobile devices is accurate?
A)Transcription errors may occur during data transmission.
B)An interactive data collection tool may not be appealing to the participant.
C)Time and costs relating to scrubbing data are usually much reduced.
D)Redundant data entry may occur until the researcher becomes more skilled.

Accepted Answer

Using mobile devices for data collection typically streamlines the process, significantly reducing the time and costs associated with cleaning the data. This is because data can be directly entered into a database, minimizing errors and the need for extensive data cleaning.

Question 10

For which type of research is knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) least appropriate?
A)To cross-link risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
B)To identify the efficacy of a treatment for children with the rare and fatal Batten disease.
C)To test the hypothesis that polycystic kidney disease is best treated with antihypertensive
D)To determine the most significant risk factors for congestive heart failure

Accepted Answer

KDD may not be appropriate for research on rare diseases such as Batten disease, as there may not be enough data available to extract meaningful patterns or insights through data mining. Additionally, KDD may not be the most appropriate method for evaluating the efficacy of a treatment, as it is primarily focused on discovering patterns and relationships within data, rather than evaluating the effectiveness of specific interventions. Other types of research methods may be more appropriate for evaluating treatment efficacy, such as clinical trials or observational studies.

Question 11

Sigma Theta Tau International completed a landmark EBP study in 2006. Which of the following was included in the findings?
A)Nurses are comfortable seeking information to provide EBP patient care and had sufficient access to appropriate materials to personally engage in EBP.
B)Nurses who entered practice less than two years earlier were least comfortable with providing EBP patient care.
C)Nurses who entered practice five or more years earlier were most comfortable with providing EBP patient care.
D)Nurses lacked access to appropriate materials to personally engage in EBP.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sigma Theta Tau International completed a landmark...

Question 12

Which of the following statements about evidence-based practice (EBP) is true?
A)Hospitals have not yet begun to build EBP into their clinical ladders.
B)The standards of practice are not currently established with evidence-based competencies.
C)Staff nurses indicate higher levels of familiarity with EBP than advanced practice nurses.
D)A number of facilities now consider EBP to be part of everyday clinical practice.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements about evidence-based...

Question 13

Which type of research is best suited for using nurmetrics?
A)The compilation of unified medical language systems into a universal language
B)The collapsing of databases into one large data set for research purposes
C)The generation and testing of new models of health care delivery using computers
D)The collection of data to create a uniform data set for nursing care and outcomes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which type of research is best suited...

Question 14

An ethnographer selects Ethnograph, a software program to analyze data obtained from client interviews. Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of using software for qualitative research?
A)Data must be sorted manually into subsets for future analysis.
B)Research may be molded to fit the software program.
C)The researcher must input data separately for the best analysis.
D)There is less available time for data analysis.

Accepted Answer

The potential disadvantage of using software for qualitative research is that research may be molded to fit the software program. Depending on the software program chosen, it may limit the types of data that can be analyzed and may influence the way the data is interpreted. This can lead to biased results and limit the depth of analysis. However, options A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not reflect potential disadvantages of using software for qualitative research.

Question 15

A nursing student wishes to initiate a search for interesting research topics. The student decides to peruse client positioning during pulmonary artery catheter readings. Among the following, which are suitable for this topic?
A)PsychINFO
B)MEDLINE
C)Google
D)CINAHL
E)PubMed

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nursing student wishes to initiate a...

Question 16

Knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) is a term used in other industries that is now seen in health care circles. Which of the following statements about KDD is accurate?
A)It is a powerful tool suitable for the analysis of large or small amounts of data.
B)It is not available commercially, but platforms can be custom built to suit the facility.
C)The confidentiality of individual records may be protected through the use of data perturbation.
D)The lack of bias is guaranteed by the vendor related to the complex patterns in collected data.

Accepted Answer

Data perturbation is a technique used in KDD to protect the confidentiality of individual records by modifying the data in a way that prevents the identification of individuals while still allowing for meaningful analysis.

Question 17

Clinical researchers have experienced barriers due to HIPPA. These researchers need to be aware of HIPAA's Privacy Rule because it establishes the conditions under which covered entities can use or disclose PHI. Which of the following statements about HIPPA covered entities is accurate?
A)Researchers are not covered entities unless they are also health care providers or employed by a covered entity or engage in any of the electronic transactions covered under HIPAA.
B)Researchers are always considered to be covered entities for transactions covered under HIPAA so long as they are conducting a valid study.
C)When difficulties arise with small sample size, covered entities are not allowed to disclose PHI to researchers to aid in study recruitment.
D)Covered entities do not include providers that transmit health information electronically for HIPAA transactions, health plans, and clearinghouses unless they are certified via a national examination.

Accepted Answer

According to HIPAA's Privacy Rule, researchers are only considered covered entities if they are also health care providers or are employed by a covered entity or engage in any of the electronic transactions covered under HIPAA. Merely conducting a valid study does not automatically make a researcher a covered entity. Furthermore, covered entities are permitted to disclose PHI to researchers for recruitment purposes, subject to certain conditions and safeguards. Lastly, certification via a national examination is not a requirement for covered entities.

Question 18

The lack of a common language to facilitate data collection and decision making was recognized as a problem in health care and nursing several years ago. Which of the following are recognized nursing languages?
A)CCC
B)UMLS
C)NOC
D)PNDS
E)ICNP

Accepted Answer

CCC (Clinical Care Classification), NOC (Nursing Outcomes Classification), PNDS (Perioperative Nursing Data Set), and ICNP (International Classification for Nursing Practice) are recognized nursing languages designed to standardize the documentation, reporting, and analysis of nursing care and outcomes. UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) is not specifically a nursing language but a compendium of many health and biomedical vocabularies designed to enable interoperability between computer systems.

Question 19

Standardized languages provide a mechanism to ensure common meanings to terms, facilitate data collection, and aid research. Which of the following languages includes all nursing specialties and demonstrates the ability to encompass other standardized nursing languages?
A)ICNP
B)NANDA
C)NIC
D)NOC

Accepted Answer

ICNP (International Classification for Nursing Practice) includes all nursing specialties and is designed to be comprehensive enough to encompass other standardized nursing languages. NANDA (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association), NIC (Nursing Interventions Classification), and NOC (Nursing Outcomes Classification) are more specific standardized nursing languages that focus on nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes, respectively.

Question 20

Which statement regarding data collection via the Internet is accurate?
A)Ethical issues are minimized because complete privacy of client response is assured.
B)E-mails cannot be used because there may be errors in interpretation and transcription.
C)Selection bias is eliminated because the Internet allows participation from all over the world.
D)Data collection is automated, allowing the data to be exported to other programs more easily.

Accepted Answer

Data collection via the Internet is automated, which means that the data can be easily exported to other programs for analysis. This is one of the advantages of collecting data through online surveys or forms. However, the other statements are inaccurate. Ethical issues regarding privacy are still a concern, emails can still be used, and selection bias can still occur depending on the method and sample population used.

Quiz 27: Evidence Based Practice and Research

From a health information technology perspective, health care research has faced some impediments. Which of the following has impeded health care research?

A qualitative researcher studying lived experiences of congestive heart failure clients wishes to analyze data obtained from client interviews. Which of the following software programs are best suited for this researcher's purpose?

Which of the following is an advantage of uniform nursing languages, such as The Omaha System?

A program outcome essential for health care students is that they be skilled in which of the following?

Which statement is true regarding the realization of a universal electronic health record (EHR) ?

Data mining supports sifting through large volumes of data at rapid speeds. In which instance would the use of data mining be inappropriate?

A nurse researcher selects a notebook computer to collect data for a research study. Which statement regarding data collection using mobile devices is accurate?

For which type of research is knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) least appropriate?

Sigma Theta Tau International completed a landmark EBP study in 2006. Which of the following was included in the findings?

Which of the following statements about evidence-based practice (EBP) is true?

Which type of research is best suited for using nurmetrics?

An ethnographer selects Ethnograph, a software program to analyze data obtained from client interviews. Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of using software for qualitative research?

A nursing student wishes to initiate a search for interesting research topics. The student decides to peruse client positioning during pulmonary artery catheter readings. Among the following, which are suitable for this topic?

Knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) is a term used in other industries that is now seen in health care circles. Which of the following statements about KDD is accurate?

Clinical researchers have experienced barriers due to HIPPA. These researchers need to be aware of HIPAA's Privacy Rule because it establishes the conditions under which covered entities can use or disclose PHI. Which of the following statements about HIPPA covered entities is accurate?

The lack of a common language to facilitate data collection and decision making was recognized as a problem in health care and nursing several years ago. Which of the following are recognized nursing languages?

Standardized languages provide a mechanism to ensure common meanings to terms, facilitate data collection, and aid research. Which of the following languages includes all nursing specialties and demonstrates the ability to encompass other standardized nursing languages?

Which statement regarding data collection via the Internet is accurate?