Question 1

Which of the following is cited in your text as the main reason that British Airways employees went on strike in 2003?

Accepted Answer

The text states that the main reason for the British Airways employees' strike in 2003 was due to the introduction of swipe cards for electronic clocking-in, which the employees believed would lead to staff reductions and job losses.

Question 2

Processual approaches share an assumption with contingency theory in that both assume:

Accepted Answer

Processual approaches and contingency theory both recognize that change is not a linear process and that it varies depending on the context in which the organization exists. They reject the notion of a one-size-fits-all approach to change and instead emphasize the importance of adapting to the unique circumstances of each situation.

Question 3

____ is/are more likely to be associated with static environments and in this situation all keys "need to be applied scrupulously."

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____ is/are more likely to be associated...

Question 4

According to Pettigrew, while utilizing the Processual Approach, the ___ stage entails signaling and spreading throughout the organization, through discussion and decision-making, the legitimacy of certain problems as requiring attention.

Accepted Answer

The problem-sensing stage entails signaling and spreading throughout the organization, through discussion and decision-making, the legitimacy of certain problems as requiring attention.

Question 5

A main criticism of socializing intervention with the contingency approach is:

Accepted Answer

The contingency approach emphasizes the importance of fitting interventions to the specific needs and characteristics of individual work units. However, critics argue that this focus on individual work groups may detract from the larger collective goals of the organization. By taking an individualistic approach, socializing interventions may not encourage collaboration and the spread of change across business units.

Question 6

The first step in Kotter's Eight-Step Change Management Model is to develop the vision for change.

Accepted Answer

The first step in Kotter's Eight-Step Change Management Model is to create a sense of urgency.

Question 7

Common to the various change management approaches is that they provide multi-step models of how to achieve large-scale, transformational change.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true.

Question 8

Dynamic environments are more likely to be associated with static situations.

Accepted Answer

Dynamic environments are characterized by constant change and activity, while static situations are stagnant and unchanging. Thus, it is unlikely for a dynamic environment to be associated with static situations.

Question 9

Since the mid-1990s, there has been a surge in the use of the title "change management" and a relative decline in the use o the title "organizational development."

Accepted Answer

This is true, as discussed in various management and organizational literature. The term "change management" has gained more popularity and is used interchangeably with "organizational development" in some contexts.

Question 10

While drawing on a number of OD's techniques, change management is said to have supplanted rather than extended OD as a new field.

Accepted Answer

Change management has largely replaced OD as a stand-alone field, incorporating many OD techniques and practices but with a more focused and specific goal of managing change within organizations.

Question 11

While change management models contain variation and flexibility, an underlying assumption is that there is "one best way" of producing organizational change.

Accepted Answer

Change management models assume that there is a best way to produce organizational change, even though they may vary in their specific approaches.

Question 12

According to Pettigrew, while utilizing the Processual Approach, the ___ stage involves clarifying future directions and objectives and putting in place transition managers to enable the transition to occur.

Accepted Answer

The Planning and Acting stage of the Processual Approach involves identifying future directions and objectives and developing a plan to achieve them. This stage also involves putting in place transition managers to ensure the smooth transition from the current state to the desired future state. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

Question 13

According to Kotter's Eight-Step Change Management Model, during the step in which management would ensure that there is a powerful change group to guide the change, the actions taken would include:

Accepted Answer

During the step of ensuring that there is a powerful change group to guide the change, the actions taken would include creating team structures to help drive the change. The other options listed do not directly relate to this step in Kotter's Eight-Step Change Management Model.

Question 14

According to Kotter, skipping steps in his Eight-Step Change Management Model only creates the illusion of speed and never produces a satisfying result.

Accepted Answer

Skipping steps in Kotter's Eight-Step Change Management Model undermines the change process and often leads to unsatisfactory outcomes. Though it may seem like a faster approach, it usually results in more prolonged implementation and widespread resistance from employees.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT one of Dawson's "lessons" of the processual approach?

Accepted Answer

Dawson emphasizes that assumptions should not be taken for granted and should be questioned in the processual approach. Hence, D is the correct answer. A, B, and C are all lessons that Dawson identifies.

Question 16

According to the text, which of the following is NOT a reason that the contingency approaches still remain less prevalent than the "one-best way" change management approaches.

Accepted Answer

The text does not mention that contingency approaches are seen as futile because the end result will usually be the same regardless of the methodology and/or practices utilized by upper management.

Question 17

According to the Processual Approach, external context means:

Accepted Answer

External context, according to the processual approach, refers to the economic, political and competitive environment in which an organization operates. This includes factors such as market conditions, government regulations, and the actions of competitors. Strategy, structure, culture and power relations are internal factors that are influenced by the external context.

Question 18

Contingency approaches are still underpinned by the Director image, but do not claim to have a "one best approach" for all types of organizational change.

Accepted Answer

Contingency approaches recognize that different situations require different approaches to organizational change, and therefore do not claim to have a single, universally applicable solution. However, they still involve the leadership or director image as a key factor in driving change.

Question 19

Nadler depicts discontinuous change as being a continuous cycle rather than a linear process.

Accepted Answer

Nadler's theory of discontinuous change involves a cyclical process rather than a linear one. He suggests that organizations go through several stages of change, including the need for change, creating a vision, developing a plan, taking action, and then evaluating the results. This process then repeats as the need for change arises again.

Question 20

Change strategists are responsible for implementing change and are often middle-managers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Change strategists are responsible for implementing change...

Quiz 8: Implementing Change: Change Management, Contingency and Processual Approaches