Question 1

In intimate relationships, a standard can be conceptualized as:
A) an evaluative judgment.
B) an attitude.
C) a comparison level.
D) a comparison level for alternatives.

Accepted Answer

A comparison level is a standard against which individuals evaluate their relationships.

Question 2

Anthropological studies of societies ranging from industrialized nations to agricultural communities found that romantic love is:
A) valued more highly in industrial societies than in agricultural societies.
B) communicated in remarkably similar ways across countries.
C) nearly universal across the human species.
D) a relatively modern invention, replacing the love of family and country that was once dominant.

Accepted Answer

Anthropological studies have found that romantic love is nearly universal across the human species. Although there may be cultural variations in how love is expressed or perceived, the experience of falling in love and romantic attachment appears to be a universal human phenomenon.

Question 3

To describe general lay theories of relationship satisfaction, Hassebrauck (1997) asked 120 students to list as many features of a good intimate relationship as they could and then asked a second group to rate how important each of the most frequently mentioned features is to a good relationship. Which of the following features was NOT on the top-20 list?
A) love
B) understanding
C) passion
D) openness

Accepted Answer

Love, understanding, and openness were all on the top-20 list, but passion was not.

Question 4

Jay believes intimate relationships shouldn't be about passion; rather, intimate partners should be comfortable with each other and should depend on each other. This is best characterized as a ________ theory about relationships.
A) long-term bliss
B) storybook fantasy
C) friends/companions
D) utilitarian involvement

Accepted Answer

Jay's belief that intimate relationships should be comfortable and based on dependence suggests a friends and companions theory about relationships, rather than a focus on long-term bliss or a storybook fantasy. Utilitarian involvement would suggest a transactional approach to relationships, which is not reflected in Jay's belief.

Question 5

People with a(n) ________ locus of control relative to their marriages believe they are responsible for the outcomes they experience in the marriage; in contrast, people with a(n) ________ locus of control believe they have little responsibility for what happens in the marriage.
A) high; low
B) low; high
C) external; internal
D) internal; external

Accepted Answer

People with an internal locus of control believe that they are responsible for the outcomes they experience, while those with an external locus of control believe that external factors beyond their control determine what happens. Therefore, in the context of marriage, those with an internal locus of control would be more likely to believe that they have control over the outcomes they and their spouse experience, while those with an external locus of control would believe that external factors such as luck or fate have a greater role in determining the outcomes of the marriage.

Question 6

Attachment models in adulthood are:
A) general theories that we apply to all of our relationships.
B) specific theories that capture the expectations we have for a particular relationship.
C) fairly stable; people describe more or less the same level of security in different relationships.
D) not particularly useful in understanding people's beliefs about relationships.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Attachment models in adulthood are:
A) general theories...

Question 7

People who score high in sex-role traditionalism ________, whereas people who score low in sex-role traditionalism ________.
A) value a clear separation of the roles and responsibilities for men and women; reject the idea that men and women have different spheres of influence
B) reject the idea that men and women have different spheres of influence; value a clear separation of the roles and responsibilities for men and women
C) believe men should be responsible for the financial security of the family; believe women should be responsible for the home and children
D) have lower relationships ideals; have higher relationship ideals

Accepted Answer

People who score high in sex-role traditionalism value a clear separation of roles for men and women, while those who score low reject the idea of different spheres of influence for genders.

Question 8

Janelle believes intimate relationships should be like business partnerships, with expectations for the relationship clearly laid out. This is best characterized as a ________ theory about relationships.
A) long-term bliss
B) storybook fantasy
C) friends/companions
D) utilitarian involvement

Accepted Answer

Janelle's belief that intimate relationships should be like business partnerships, with expectations clearly laid out, aligns with the concept of utilitarian involvement. This theory views relationships as a means to achieving a specific goal or benefit, rather than an emotional connection or romantic pursuit.

Question 9

A ________ is an idea or a theory about what the world is actually like; a ________ is an idea about what the world should be like.
A) belief; value
B) value; belief
C) perception; belief
D) perception; value

Accepted Answer

A belief is a cognition about what is real or true, whereas a value is an abstract concept about what is important, desirable, or worthwhile. Beliefs are grounded in empirical evidence and observation, while values are shaped by cultural, historical, and social factors. Therefore, a belief pertains to knowledge, while a value pertains to judgment.

Question 10

Dion believes that what he does is unlikely to effectively bring about changes in his unhappy marriage and that he has little responsibility for what happens in his relationship. Dion has a(n):
A) insecure attachment style.
B) negative expectation.
C) internal locus of control.
D) external locus of control.

Accepted Answer

Dion's belief that he has little responsibility for what happens in his relationship suggests an external locus of control, which means that he perceives outside forces (e.g. fate, luck, other people) as controlling his life rather than himself. This belief can lead to a sense of helplessness and lack of motivation to make changes in his marriage.

Question 11

Rusbult and colleagues described four different patterns of beliefs about relationships that are created by combining two dimensions. Long-term bliss and storybook fantasy have in common the belief that ________, and storybook fantasy and utilitarian involvement have in common the belief that ________.
A) passion is most important; relationships are fixed
B) relationships grow; practical concerns are most important
C) passion is most important; relationships grow
D) relationships are fixed; practical concerns are most important

Accepted Answer

Long-term bliss and storybook fantasy both emphasize the importance of passion in relationships. Storybook fantasy and utilitarian involvement both share the belief that relationships are fixed.

Question 12

General lay theories of relationships include beliefs and values about ________, and specific lay theories of relationships include beliefs and values about ________.
A) particular relationships we are experiencing or have experienced in the past; relationships in general
B) relationships in general; particular relationships we are experiencing or have experienced in the past
C) relationships in general; particular relationships other people are in
D) particular relationships other people are in; particular relationships we are experiencing or have experienced in the past

Accepted Answer

General lay theories of relationships pertain to beliefs and values about relationships in general, while specific lay theories of relationships refer to beliefs and values regarding individual relationships that we are currently experiencing or that we have had in the past. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 13

Luca believes intimate relationships are meant to be passionate, but he acknowledges that he and his partner will need work in developing this passion over time. This is best characterized as a ________ theory about relationships.
A) long-term bliss
B) storybook fantasy
C) friends/companions
D) utilitarian involvement

Accepted Answer

Luca's belief that relationships require work to develop passion over time aligns with the "long-term bliss" theory, which suggests that passion can be cultivated and sustained through effort and commitment.

Question 14

Your friend Mat announces, ÒIf two people truly love each other, they can overcome any obstacles that come their way.Ó Mat's statement is an example of:
A) an expectation.
B) a value.
C) a belief.
D) the self-fulfilling prophecy.

Accepted Answer

Mat is expressing his belief that love can conquer obstacles.

Question 15

Frey believes that he can effectively bring about changes in his relationship and that he is responsible for the outcomes he experiences in his marriage. Frey has a(n):
A) secure attachment style.
B) positive expectation.
C) internal locus of control.
D) external locus of control.

Accepted Answer

Frey having the belief that he can affect changes in his relationship and being responsible for the outcomes he experiences in his marriage indicates that he has an internal locus of control. This means that he believes that his actions and decisions have an impact on the events that happen in his life, including his marriage.

Question 16

An attitude is a ________ that involves a ________ of someone or something.
A) general value; positive evaluation
B) specific belief; positive or negative evaluation
C) general value; positive or negative evaluation
D) specific value; negative evaluation

Accepted Answer

The answer of An attitude is a ________ that involves...

Question 17

________ refer to predictions about what is likely to happen in a particular relationship.
A) Expectations
B) Values
C) Ideals
D) Standards

Accepted Answer

Expectations refer to what one anticipates happening in a relationship, which can include behaviors, actions, and outcomes. Values are personal beliefs and principles that influence behavior, while ideals are concepts of perfection or excellence. Standards are criteria or measures used to evaluate behavior or performance.

Question 18

Cheryl believes in fate when it comes to intimate relationships. When she meets Òthe one,Ó sparks will fly and it will be love at first sight. This is best characterized as a ________ theory about relationships.
A) long-term bliss
B) storybook fantasy
C) friends/companions
D) utilitarian involvement

Accepted Answer

Cheryl's belief in love at first sight and sparks flying is a common element of a storybook fantasy about relationships. This type of theory involves idealizing and romanticizing love, often based on unrealistic expectations and idealized notions of soulmates and destiny. It tends to overlook the practical aspects of building and maintaining a healthy long-term relationship.

Question 19

Rusbult and colleagues described four different patterns of beliefs created by combining ideas about the importance of passionate love with ideas about the capacity for relationships to grow and change over time. These four patterns are:
A) long-term bliss, friends/companions, storybook fantasy, and utilitarian involvement.
B) empty love, passionate love, companionate love, and fatuous love.
C) long-term bliss, empty love, storybook fantasy, and platonic love.
D) consummate love, friends/companions, infatuated love, and utilitarian involvement.

Accepted Answer

Rusbult and colleagues identified four patterns: long-term bliss, friends/companions, storybook fantasy, and utilitarian involvement, which combine beliefs about passionate love and the potential for relationships to evolve.

Question 20

To describe general lay theories of relationship satisfaction, Hassebrauck (1997) asked 120 students to list as many features of a good intimate relationship as they could and then asked a second group to rate how important each of the most frequently mentioned features is to a good relationship. Which of the following features was NOT on the top-20 list?
A) love
B) excitement
C) understanding
D) openness

Accepted Answer

Love, understanding, and openness were all in the top-20 list, but excitement was not.

Quiz 9: Beliefs and Values

In intimate relationships, a standard can be conceptualized as:

Anthropological studies of societies ranging from industrialized nations to agricultural communities found that romantic love is:

Jay believes intimate relationships shouldn't be about passion; rather, intimate partners should be comfortable with each other and should depend on each other. This is best characterized as a ________ theory about relationships.

People with a(n) locus of control relative to their marriages believe they are responsible for the outcomes they experience in the marriage; in contrast, people with a(n) locus of control believe they have little responsibility for what happens in the marriage.

Attachment models in adulthood are:

People who score high in sex-role traditionalism , whereas people who score low in sex-role traditionalism .

Janelle believes intimate relationships should be like business partnerships, with expectations for the relationship clearly laid out. This is best characterized as a ________ theory about relationships.

A is an idea or a theory about what the world is actually like; a is an idea about what the world should be like.

Dion believes that what he does is unlikely to effectively bring about changes in his unhappy marriage and that he has little responsibility for what happens in his relationship. Dion has a(n) :

Rusbult and colleagues described four different patterns of beliefs about relationships that are created by combining two dimensions. Long-term bliss and storybook fantasy have in common the belief that , and storybook fantasy and utilitarian involvement have in common the belief that .

General lay theories of relationships include beliefs and values about , and specific lay theories of relationships include beliefs and values about .

Luca believes intimate relationships are meant to be passionate, but he acknowledges that he and his partner will need work in developing this passion over time. This is best characterized as a ________ theory about relationships.

Your friend Mat announces, ÒIf two people truly love each other, they can overcome any obstacles that come their way.Ó Mat's statement is an example of:

Frey believes that he can effectively bring about changes in his relationship and that he is responsible for the outcomes he experiences in his marriage. Frey has a(n) :

An attitude is a that involves a of someone or something.

________ refer to predictions about what is likely to happen in a particular relationship.

Cheryl believes in fate when it comes to intimate relationships. When she meets Òthe one,Ó sparks will fly and it will be love at first sight. This is best characterized as a ________ theory about relationships.

Rusbult and colleagues described four different patterns of beliefs created by combining ideas about the importance of passionate love with ideas about the capacity for relationships to grow and change over time. These four patterns are: