Question 1

The molecular formula C₂H₄O can be converted into three-line bond (Kekulé) structures that are consistent with valence rules. Which one of the following Kekulé structures is not consistent with valence rules?

Accepted Answer

In the molecular formula, there are 12 carbon atoms, 1 sulfur atom, 14 oxygen atoms, and 1 hydrogen atom. Each carbon atom must have four bonds, while sulfur and oxygen atoms have two bonds and one bond, respectively. The Kekulé structures should follow these valence rules.

In option D, there is a carbon atom with five bonds, which violates the valence rule. Therefore, option D is not consistent with valence rules. On the other hand, options A, B, and C follow the valence rules and are consistent with the given molecular formula.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is not true?

Accepted Answer

The statement "The carbon−carbon triple bond of an alkyne is exactly three times as strong as a carbon−carbon single bond of an alkane" is not true. While the triple bond is stronger than a single bond, it is not exactly three times as strong. The strength of a bond depends on multiple factors and cannot be simply represented by a numerical factor.

Question 3

Consider the formation of an sp² hybrid orbital. Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

In the formation of an sp² hybrid orbital, one s and one p atomic orbital are involved and form into a hybrid orbital. The other p atomic orbital remains unhybridized. This results in three hybrid orbitals and one unhybridized p orbital, totaling four orbitals. The hybrid orbitals produced in this case cannot form π bonds because there is only one unhybridized p orbital available for π bonding.

Question 4

Propose a structure for a molecule that meets the following description. -Refer to instructions. Contains only two sp³ hybridized carbons and two sp hybridized carbons.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Propose a structure for a molecule that...

Question 5

How many electrons are there in the valence shell of the carbon atom of a methyl anion, CH₃−?

Accepted Answer

The carbon atom in a methyl anion (CH₃⁻) has four valence electrons in its neutral state. The negative charge indicates an additional electron, making a total of 8 electrons in the valence shell.

Question 6

Convert the skeletal drawing of the pharmaceutical Vioxx into a molecular formula.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Convert the skeletal drawing of the pharmaceutical...

Question 7

In drawing the Lewis structure for an organic compound, the carbon atoms should always be shown with

Accepted Answer

Carbon atoms should always be shown with eight total electrons in their valence shell to satisfy the octet rule, which is fundamental in drawing Lewis structures for organic compounds. This can be achieved through a combination of single, double, or triple bonds and lone pairs, not necessarily just four single bonds.

Question 8

Propose a structure for a molecule that meets the following description. -Refer to instructions. Contains only one sp³ hybridized carbon and two sp² hybridized carbons.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Propose a structure for a molecule that...

Question 9

Specify the hybridization of each carbon atom of limonene, a natural product present in citrus fruits, and thujone, which is derived from wormwood, a traditional component of the notorious liquor, Absinthe.   limonene
thujone

Accepted Answer

The answer of Specify the hybridization of each carbon atom...

Question 10

Determine the hybridization for the indicated atoms in each structure below.  
-Refer to instructions. The hybridization of carbon atom B is _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Determine the hybridization for the indicated atoms...

Question 11

Write valid Lewis (electron-dot) structures for each formula below. Show all electrons as dots and show all nonbonding electrons. -Write: CH₃CH₂OH ethanol

Accepted Answer

The answer of Write valid Lewis (electron-dot) structures for each...

Question 12

Determine the hybridization for the indicated atoms in each structure below.  
-Refer to instructions. The hybridization of carbon atom A is _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Determine the hybridization for the indicated atoms...

Question 13

How many nonbonding electron pairs are in the structure shown below?

Accepted Answer

There are four nonbonding electron pairs in the structure shown as indicated by the lone pairs on the oxygen atoms and the lone pair on the nitrogen atom.

Question 14

Which of the following best represents the shape of a sp³ hybrid orbital of carbon? A B C D

Accepted Answer

The sp³ hybrid orbital has one s orbital, one p orbital, one sp hybrid orbital, one singly occupied p orbital, and one empty p orbital. The shape of this hybrid orbital is approximately linear, with the sp hybrid orbital on one end and the singly occupied p orbital on the other end. Choice C best represents this shape, as it has a sp hybrid orbital pointing in one direction and a p orbital pointing in the opposite direction. The other choices do not have the correct combination of orbitals to represent this hybridization.

Question 15

Which of the following best represents the shape of a 2p atomic orbital of carbon? A  B  C  D

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following best represents the...

Question 16

How many total valence electrons are represented in the following electron configuration? 1s²2s²2p_x² 2p_y² 2p_z¹ or 1s²2s²2p⁵

Accepted Answer

The given electron configuration represents a total of 7 valence electrons. The configuration ends with the 2p orbital having 5 electrons (2p^5), which indicates the presence of 5 valence electrons in the 2p orbital, plus the 2 electrons in the 2s orbital, totaling 7 valence electrons.

Question 17

Covalent bonding

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonding involves the sharing of unpaired valence electrons between atoms, allowing them to achieve a full outer shell and thus a more stable electronic configuration.

Question 18

According to atomic theory:

Accepted Answer

A) The nucleus is positively charged, containing protons which are positively charged particles. 
B) The nucleus contains both protons (positively charged) and neutrons (uncharged) particles. 
C) The electrons contribute very little to the total mass of the atom compared to the protons and neutrons in the nucleus. 
D) The electrons are located in the atomic space outside the nucleus, in the electron cloud or orbital.

Question 19

Draw all the lone pairs (nonbonding valence electrons) on the structure of phosgene, a poisonous gas once used as a chemical warfare agent.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw all the lone pairs (nonbonding valence...

Question 20

Write valid Lewis (electron-dot) structures for each formula below. Show all electrons as dots and show all nonbonding electrons.
-The structure of urea is shown below. Fill in any nonbonding valence electrons that are missing from the line-bond structure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Write valid Lewis (electron-dot) structures for each...

Quiz 1: Structure and Bonding

The molecular formula C2H4O can be converted into three-line bond (Kekulé) structures that are consistent with valence rules. Which one of the following Kekulé structures is not consistent with valence rules?

Which of the following statements is not true?

Consider the formation of an sp2 hybrid orbital. Which of the following is true?

Propose a structure for a molecule that meets the following description. -Refer to instructions. Contains only two sp3 hybridized carbons and two sp hybridized carbons.

How many electrons are there in the valence shell of the carbon atom of a methyl anion, CH3−?

Convert the skeletal drawing of the pharmaceutical Vioxx into a molecular formula.

In drawing the Lewis structure for an organic compound, the carbon atoms should always be shown with

Propose a structure for a molecule that meets the following description. -Refer to instructions. Contains only one sp3 hybridized carbon and two sp2 hybridized carbons.

Specify the hybridization of each carbon atom of limonene, a natural product present in citrus fruits, and thujone, which is derived from wormwood, a traditional component of the notorious liquor, Absinthe. limonene thujone

Determine the hybridization for the indicated atoms in each structure below. -Refer to instructions. The hybridization of carbon atom B is _____.

Write valid Lewis (electron-dot) structures for each formula below. Show all electrons as dots and show all nonbonding electrons. -Write: CH3CH2OH ethanol

Determine the hybridization for the indicated atoms in each structure below. -Refer to instructions. The hybridization of carbon atom A is _____.