Question 1

You are dispatched to a structure fire at which there is a report of a burned person. Your patient is a 32-year-old man with blisters on his anterior chest and circumferential superficial burns to both lower extremities. Using the "rule of nines," the percentage of burn is:
A) 54.
B) 27.
C) 36.
D) 45.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

The type of electricity supplied to homes is ________ current. Contact with this type of current may result in ________.
A) indirect; rhabdomyolysis
B) direct; rhabdomyolysis
C) direct; muscle tetany
D) alternating; muscle immobolization

Accepted Answer

The type of electricity supplied to homes is alternating current (AC), and contact with it can result in muscle immobilization among other injuries.

Question 3

The three primary factors that determine the severity of radiation are:
A) distance, shielding, and symptoms.
B) duration, shielding, and dose.
C) duration, distance, and shielding.
D) dose, symptoms, and shielding.

Accepted Answer

The three primary factors that determine the severity of radiation exposure are duration (how long one is exposed), distance (how far one is from the source of radiation), and shielding (materials that block or reduce radiation). These factors are key to radiation safety principles.

Question 4

Which tissue layer(s) is (are) affected by partial thickness burns?
1) Epidermis
2) Dermis
3) Subcutaneous
4) Muscle
A) 1, 2, 3, and 4
B) 1 and 2
C) 1, 2, and 3
D) 1

Accepted Answer

Partial thickness burns affect the epidermis and the dermis but do not extend into the subcutaneous tissue or muscle.

Question 5

An area of burned tissue that is not painful is MOST likely a ________ burn injury.
A) second-degree
B) full thickness
C) superficial
D) partial thickness

Accepted Answer

Full thickness burns, also known as third-degree burns, destroy both the epidermis and dermis layers of the skin, potentially affecting underlying tissues as well. Nerve endings in the area are destroyed, which can result in a lack of pain.

Question 6

Which of the following agents is the best choice for analgesia in a patient with 9 percent partial thickness burns involving the right lower extremity?
A) Naproxen sodium
B) Ketorolac
C) Acetaminophen
D) Fentanyl

Accepted Answer

Fentanyl is a strong opioid analgesic that is used for severe pain, such as that associated with burns. Naproxen sodium and ketorolac are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that can help with pain, but may not be strong enough for the severity of the patient's burns. Acetaminophen is not effective for pain associated with burns.

Question 7

Your patient has circumferential full thickness burns of the thorax. He is intubated, and you have noticed an increase in resistance as you bag him. His skin is very tight and inflexible as you try to ventilate. Which of the following is required to improve this patient's ventilatory status?
A) IV sedation
B) Needle thoracostomy
C) Escharotomy
D) Fasciotomy

Accepted Answer

The patient's circumferential full thickness burns of the thorax are causing a restriction in chest wall expansion, leading to increased resistance and difficulties in ventilating the patient. An escharotomy involves removing a section of burned skin to improve chest wall compliance, which will allow for improved ventilatory status. IV sedation may reduce the patient's discomfort but will not address the underlying problem. Needle thoracostomy and fasciotomy are not indicated in this situation.

Question 8

Which of the following may occur from watching arc welding without proper protection?
A) Hyphema
B) Retinal detachment
C) Ultraviolet keratitis
D) Radial keratotomy

Accepted Answer

Ultraviolet radiation emitted during arc welding can cause damage to the cornea, leading to a condition known as ultraviolet keratitis. This can result in symptoms like pain, redness, tearing, and sensitivity to light. Hyphema and retinal detachment are both rare but serious eye injuries that can be caused by trauma to the eye, but they are not directly related to welding. Radial keratotomy is a surgical procedure used to correct nearsightedness and has no connection to welding.

Question 9

Which of the following has contributed most significantly to the decline in U.S. burn mortality?
A) Public service announcements on radio, television, and billboards
B) Paramedic involvement in public education
C) Visits to elementary schools by firefighters
D) Improved building codes and construction and sprinkler and smoke detector use

Accepted Answer

Improved building codes and construction practices, as well as increased use of sprinklers and smoke detectors, have been shown to greatly reduce the risk of fire-related fatalities. While public service announcements and education efforts may increase awareness and prevention, they are not as impactful as direct measures to reduce the risk of fires in the first place.

Question 10

Which of the following accounts for the most severe thermal burns of the airway?
A) Inhalation of toxic gases
B) Inhalation of radioactive particles in smoke
C) Inhalation of superheated steam
D) Inhalation of superheated air

Accepted Answer

Inhalation of superheated steam can cause severe thermal burns of the airway as it can reach temperatures of up to 500°C (932°F) and causes damage to the mucosa lining the airway. The other options (A, B, and D) may also cause respiratory injury, but the thermal injury caused by superheated steam is generally considered the most severe.

Question 11

Which of the following body areas warrant special attention when burned?
A) Legs
B) Arms
C) Abdomen
D) Feet

Accepted Answer

Feet are one of the areas of the body that warrant special attention when burned as they can easily become infected since they are in close contact with the ground and often covered by socks and shoes which can trap bacteria.

Question 12

You have been dispatched to a call for a burn patient. Upon arriving, you find a 23-year-old woman who was sunbathing and fell asleep. She is alert and oriented and in moderate pain. She has blisters covering her extremities, abdomen, face, and chest. This patient's burns fall into which one of the following categories?
A) Superficial
B) Critical
C) Minor
D) Moderate

Accepted Answer

The patient's extensive blisters and pain indicate a critical burn classification. Sunburns can be deceiving, and it is essential to recognize the severity of the burn and transport the patient to a burn center as soon as possible.

Question 13

Which classification of burn is characterized mainly by blisters?
A) Full thickness
B) Superficial
C) Partial thickness
D) Minor

Accepted Answer

Partial thickness burns are characterized by blisters, as opposed to superficial burns which only affect the top layer of skin and do not blister, and full thickness burns which destroy all layers of skin and do not blister. Minor burns are based on their size and depth, rather than the presence of blisters.

Question 14

According to Jackson's theory of thermal wounds, which of the following zones has suffered the greatest damage?
A) Coagulation
B) Hyperemia
C) Stasis
D) Disintegration

Accepted Answer

The zone of coagulation suffers the greatest damage in Jackson's theory of thermal wounds, as it is the area of direct contact with the heat source where cells are irreversibly damaged and tissue death occurs.

Question 15

Which of the following patient factors increases the criticality of the patient's burn injuries?
A) Taking antidepressants
B) Male gender
C) Prior history of burns
D) Being in the geriatric age group

Accepted Answer

Being in the geriatric age group increases the criticality of the patient's burn injuries. As people age, their skin becomes thinner and more fragile, making them more susceptible to burn injuries. Additionally, the elderly may have underlying medical conditions and medications that can complicate the management of burn injuries.

Question 16

Based on total body surface area and burn depth, you have determined that an 88-year-old woman has a moderate burn. Considering the age of the patient, this burn is classified as:
A) critical.
B) significant.
C) fatal.
D) moderate.

Accepted Answer

The age of the patient significantly impacts the classification of burns. For elderly patients, even moderate burns based on total body surface area and depth can be considered critical due to their reduced physiological reserves and potential for complications.

Question 17

Which of the following stages of burn injury is best described as including a pain response, an outpouring of catecholamines, tachycardia, tachypnea, mild hypertension, and anxiety?
A) Resolution
B) Emergent
C) Fluid shift
D) Hypermetabolic

Accepted Answer

The Emergent stage is characterized by the initial response to the burn injury, including pain, release of catecholamines (e.g. adrenaline), increased heart and respiratory rates, mild hypertension, and anxiety. This stage typically lasts from the time of injury until 72 hours afterward, during which time the patient is at high risk for shock and other systemic complications.

Question 18

Which type of radiation particle can travel through 6 to 10 feet of air, penetrate a few layers of clothing, and cause external and internal injuries?
A) Gamma
B) Alpha
C) Neutron
D) Beta

Accepted Answer

Beta particles can travel through several feet of air and penetrate clothing, potentially causing both external and internal injuries.

Question 19

You are caring for a patient with 30 percent full and partial thickness burns. He is an 80 kg man. According to the Parkland formula, he should receive ________ liters of fluid over 24 hours, with ________ liters infused in the first 8 hours.
A) 9.6; 4.8
B) 5; 3
C) 8.2; 2
D) 4.5; 1.25

Accepted Answer

According to the Parkland formula, the amount of fluid to be given in 24 hours to a patient with burns is calculated as follows:

4mL x %TBSA x body weight in kg

Using the patient's information provided in the scenario, we can calculate the amount of fluid required:

4mL x 30% x 80kg = 9,600mL or 9.6L

This means that the patient should receive 9.6 liters of fluid over 24 hours.

The formula also states that half of this volume (4.8L) should be given in the first 8 hours. So the answer is A: 9.6 liters over 24 hours, with 4.8 liters infused in the first 8 hours.

Question 20

Contact with strong alkalis results in burns involving ________ necrosis of the tissue.
A) coagulation
B) liquefaction
C) thermal
D) ischemic

Accepted Answer

Contact with strong alkalis results in liquefaction necrosis of the tissue.

Quiz 5: Burns

You are dispatched to a structure fire at which there is a report of a burned person. Your patient is a 32-year-old man with blisters on his anterior chest and circumferential superficial burns to both lower extremities. Using the "rule of nines," the percentage of burn is:

The type of electricity supplied to homes is current. Contact with this type of current may result in .

The three primary factors that determine the severity of radiation are:

Which tissue layer(s) is (are) affected by partial thickness burns? 1) Epidermis 2) Dermis 3) Subcutaneous 4) Muscle

An area of burned tissue that is not painful is MOST likely a ________ burn injury.

Which of the following agents is the best choice for analgesia in a patient with 9 percent partial thickness burns involving the right lower extremity?

Your patient has circumferential full thickness burns of the thorax. He is intubated, and you have noticed an increase in resistance as you bag him. His skin is very tight and inflexible as you try to ventilate. Which of the following is required to improve this patient's ventilatory status?

Which of the following may occur from watching arc welding without proper protection?

Which of the following has contributed most significantly to the decline in U.S. burn mortality?

Which of the following accounts for the most severe thermal burns of the airway?

Which of the following body areas warrant special attention when burned?

Which classification of burn is characterized mainly by blisters?

According to Jackson's theory of thermal wounds, which of the following zones has suffered the greatest damage?

Which of the following patient factors increases the criticality of the patient's burn injuries?

Based on total body surface area and burn depth, you have determined that an 88-year-old woman has a moderate burn. Considering the age of the patient, this burn is classified as:

Which of the following stages of burn injury is best described as including a pain response, an outpouring of catecholamines, tachycardia, tachypnea, mild hypertension, and anxiety?

Which type of radiation particle can travel through 6 to 10 feet of air, penetrate a few layers of clothing, and cause external and internal injuries?

You are caring for a patient with 30 percent full and partial thickness burns. He is an 80 kg man. According to the Parkland formula, he should receive liters of fluid over 24 hours, with liters infused in the first 8 hours.

Contact with strong alkalis results in burns involving ________ necrosis of the tissue.